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Cited by 334Acne and Rosacea Treatments and EffectsDermatology and Skin DiseasesOral microbiology and periodontitis research

Host-microbiome interactions and recent progress into understanding the biology of acne vulgaris

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O’Neill, Alan M., Gallo, Richard L.·2018·Microbiome
DOI 10.1186/s40168-018-0558-5PMC PMC6169095
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Abstract

Acne is one of the most common skin diseases worldwide and results in major health care costs and significant morbidity to severely affected individuals. However, the pathophysiology of this disorder is not well understood. Host-microbiome interactions that affect both innate and adaptive immune homeostasis appear to be a central factor in this disease, with recent observations suggesting that the composition and activities of the microbiota in acne is perturbed. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes; formerly Propionibacterium acnes) are two major inhabitants of the skin that are thought to contribute to the disease but are also known to promote health by inhibiting the growth and invasion of pathogens. Because C. acnes is ubiquitous in sebaceous-rich skin, it is typically labeled as the etiological agent of acne yet it fails to fulfill all of Koch's postulates. The outdated model of acne progression proposes that increased sebum production promotes over-proliferation of C. acnes in a plugged hair follicle, thereby driving inflammation. In contrast, growing evidence indicates that C. acnes is equally abundant in both unaffected and acne-affected follicles. Moreover, recent advances in metagenomic sequencing of the acne microbiome have revealed a diverse population structure distinct from healthy individuals, uncovering new lineage-specific virulence determinants. In this article, we review recent developments in the interactions of skin microbes with host immunity, discussing the contribution of dysbiosis to the immunobiology of acne and newly emerging skin microbiome-based therapeutics to treat acne.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
O’Neill, A. M., & Gallo, R. L.
Affiliations
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author
Gallo, Richard L.
ORCID
Venue
Microbiome
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2018-10-02
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
177-177
ISSN
2049-2618 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s40168-018-0558-5
PMC
PMC6169095
OpenAlex
W2894600657
Cited by
334
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 19
FWCI
4.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Microbiome (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (R01AI05243, R01AR069653, R01AI116576, R01AR064781, U19 AI117673)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords
acne, host-microbiome interactions, skin microbiome, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, dysbiosis, immune homeostasis, acne pathophysiology, sebum, hair follicle, metagenomics, virulence factors, microbiota-based therapy
MeSH terms
Acne Vulgaris, Humans, Propionibacterium acnes, Sebaceous Glands, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Hair Follicle, Metagenome, Microbiota, Dysbiosis

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