Circadian rhythms of dopamine, glutamate and GABA in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of the awake rat: modulation by light
Abstract
Using microdialysis, we investigated the circadian rhythms of the extracellular concentrations of dopamine, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of the awake rat. Wistar rats were maintained in a 12 hr dark:12 hr light (12:12) cycle for 2 wk before the experiment began. The neurotransmitter levels were measured every 30 min for 30 hr in control (maintaining the 12:12 cycle) or in experimental conditions under a 24-h light period (continuous light) or under a 24-h dark interval (continuous dark). The dopamine metabolites, DOPAC and HVA, and the main serotonin metabolite, 5-HIAA, were measured along with arginine and glutamine under all conditions. In 12:12 conditions, a circadian rhythm of dopamine, glutamate and GABA was found in both the striatum and nucleus accumbens. Again under 12:12 conditions, DOPAC, HVA, 5-HIAA, and arginine, but not glutamine, fluctuated in a circadian rhythm. In the striatum under constant light conditions, there was a circadian rhythm of dopamine, glutamate, GABA, DOPAC and HVA, but not 5-HIAA. By contrast, when the rats were kept under continuous dark, dopamine and its metabolites, DOPAC and HVA (but not glutamate and GABA), did not fluctuate in a circadian rhythm. In the nucleus accumbens, under both constant light or dark conditions, no changes were found in the circadian rhythm in any of the neurotransmitters and metabolites studied. These findings show that in the striatum, dopamine but not glutamate and GABA, seem to be influenced by light. In the nucleus accumbens, however, the three neurotransmitters had a circadian rhythm, which was independent of light.
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Striatal dopamine levels exhibit daily rhythms with nocturnal peaks in mice and rats.
“We have recently reported that striatal dopamine levels exhibit daily rhythms with nocturnal peaks in mice (Agostino et al., 2011a), as had been previously demonstrated in rats (Castaneda et al., 2004, Hood et al., 2010).”
From Circadian dysregulation in Parkinson's disease (2017) · cites this paper as Castaneda et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Castañeda, T. R., de Prado, B. M., Prieto, D., & Mora, F.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Mora, Francisco
- ORCID
- Mora, Francisco
- Venue
- Journal of Pineal Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-03-08
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 177-185
- ISSN
- 0742-3098 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-079X
- OpenAlex
- W2151189356
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pineal Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- circadian rhythm, dopamine, glutamate, GABA, striatum, nucleus accumbens, light exposure, dopamine metabolites, DOPAC, homovanillic acid, serotonin metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, L-arginine, glutamine, constant light, constant darkness, extracellular neurotransmitter levels
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arginine, Circadian Rhythm, Corpus Striatum, Darkness, Dopamine, Extracellular Matrix, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamine, Homovanillic Acid, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Light, Male, Nucleus Accumbens, Wakefulness, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid, Rats, Wistar, Glutamic Acid, Rats
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