Organic electronics for neuroprosthetics
Open accessAbstract
Neuroprosthetics aims at restoring impaired or lost neurological and mental functions by exploiting technological advances in implantable and wearable devices. The performance of implantable devices, such as neural interfaces, relies upon the synergy between biology and machines. Should this synergy lack, numerous undesirable consequences might occur, such as rejection, infection, or malfunctioning. Several material properties like softness, electrochemical behaviour, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are among the features affecting the reliability of neural interfaces. In this review, the authors describe modern polymeric substrates and organic‐based electrodes, offering the best combination of such characteristics. Their versatility in merging different properties derives from the accessible control over their molecular structure and blending. Compared to inorganic materials, organic materials have superior mechanical compliance with the soft tissue, and conjugated polymers also have an advantageous electrochemical transport mechanism at the interface with electrolytic solutions, involving both ionic and electronic conductivities. Hence, all‐polymer neural interfaces would be convenient for a multitude of benefits, including low‐cost manufacturing, increased biocompatibility, lightweight, transparency, and affinity with green electronics. This review also highlights materials strategies supporting the development of safe electronic interfaces based on organic materials and beneficial for various applications neuroprosthetics.
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The electrode-tissue interface is one of the most critical elements of a neural interface from a mechanical, chemical and electrical point of view.
“The electrode-tissue interface is one of the most critical elements of a neural interface from a mechanical, chemical and electrical point of view [158,159].”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [159]
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Duan, W., Robles, U. A. A., Poole-Warren, L. A., & Esrafilzadeh, D. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202306275 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Bruno, U., Mariano, A., Rana, D., Gemmeke, T., Musall, S., & Santoro, F. (2023) · Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering · doi:10.1088/2634-4386/acc683 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Conformable neural interface based on off-stoichiometry thiol-ene-epoxy thermosets
Borda, E., Medagoda, D. I., Leccardi, M. J. I. A., Zollinger, E. G., & Ghezzi, D. (2022) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121979 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Light-induced rolling of azobenzene polymer thin films for wrapping subcellular neuronal structures
Leccardi, M. J. I. A., Desbiolles, B. X. E., Haddad, A. Y., Joy, B. C., Song, C., & Sarkar, D. (2024) · Communications Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s42004-024-01335-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Desbiolles, B. X. E., Hanna, J., Ausilio, R., Leccardi, M. J. I. A., Yu, Y., & Sarkar, D. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr8380 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Engineering Materials for Neurotechnology
Ghezzi, D. (2023) · Advanced Engineering Materials · doi:10.1002/adem.202201412 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Diacci, C. (2021) · Linköping studies in science and technology. Dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-179471 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Emerging Biomaterials for Retinal Implants
Italiano, M. L., Guo, T., Tsai, D., Lovell, N. H., & Shivdasani, M. N. (2025) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781839169779-00097
Leccardi, M. J. I. A., Desbiolles, B. X. E., Yadav, S., Yu, Y., & Sarkar, D. (2026) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-025-01117-9
- Authors
- Airaghi Leccardi, M. J. I., & Ghezzi, D.
- Affiliations
- Medtronic Chair in Neuroengineering Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne 1202 Geneva Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Ghezzi, Diego
- Venue
- Healthcare Technology Letters
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 52-57
- ISSN
- 2053-3713 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3027027717
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Healthcare Technology Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
- Keywords
- organic electronics, neuroprosthetics, neural interfaces, organic electrodes, polymer substrates, biocompatibility, biodegradability, conjugated polymers, biomedical implants, wearable devices, electrochemical transport, green electronics
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