Aromatase inhibitors in ovulation induction

M.F. Mitwally; Robert F. Casper

doi:10.1055/s-2004-823028

Cited by 87Ovarian function and disordersReproductive Health and TechnologiesReproductive Biology and Fertility

Aromatase inhibitors in ovulation induction

M.F. Mitwally, Robert F. Casper·2004·Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

DOI 10.1055/s-2004-823028

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Abstract

The new third generation aromatase inhibitors are extremely potent and specific oral inhibitors of estrogen production. We reported the success of using aromatase inhibitors for induction of ovulation in World Health Organization (WHO) type II anovulatory patients. Promising pregnancy rates were associated with the use of aromatase inhibitors for induction of ovulation in these women. In addition, the use of aromatase inhibition in conjunction with gonadotropin injection was associated with a significant reduction in the gonadotropin dose required for optimum controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. We believe that these oral agents are efficient and safe and have many advantages compared with clomiphene citrate (CC). We propose that aromatase inhibitors will replace CC in the future as the new primary treatment for ovulation induction. In this review, we present an update on the use of aromatase inhibitors for induction of ovulation and we discuss several new areas of potential interest regarding the use of aromatase inhibitors, either alone or together with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for infertility treatment. Further research in these areas may demonstrate an expanded role in assisted reproductive technologies.

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Unlike CC, aromatase inhibitors do not carry an antiestrogenic effect on the endometrium.
“Unlike CC, they do not carry an antiestrogenic effect on the endometrium.”
From A new era in ovulation induction (2006) · cites this paper as [47]
Blocking E production by inhibiting aromatization releases the hypothalamic-pituitary axis from estrogenic negative feedback, increasing FSH secretion and stimulating the development of ovarian follicles.
“Mitwally and Casper (47) first postulated that blocking E production by inhibiting aromatization would release the hypothalamic-pituitary axis from estrogenic negative feedback.As a result, FSH secretion increases, stimulating the development of ovarian follicles (Fig. 1).”
From A new era in ovulation induction (2006) · cites this paper as [47]
Androgens that normally convert to estrogens accumulate in the ovary and increase follicular sensitivity to FSH.
“In addition, androgens that normally converted to estrogens accumulate in the ovary, and these androgens increase follicular sensitivity to FSH (47).”
From A new era in ovulation induction (2006) · cites this paper as [47]
In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the effects of aromatase inhibitors are more prominent because they block high levels of E from androgen conversion.
“Because aromatase inhibitors block high levels of E from androgen conversion, the effects in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are more prominent (47).”
From A new era in ovulation induction (2006) · cites this paper as [47]

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The Aromatase Inhibitor, Letrozole: a Promising Alternative for Clomiphene Citrate for Induction of Ovulation
Mitwally, M. F., & Casper, R. F. (2000) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00814-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Infertility and the world outside
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Effects of Tamoxifen (Tx) on Endometrial Thickness and Pregnancy Rates in Women Undergoing Superovulation with Clomiphene Citrate (CC) and Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
Saleh, A., Biljan, M. M., Tan, S. L., & Tulandi, T. (2000) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00966-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Clomiphene Citrate with Tamoxifen for Ovulation Induction in Anovulatory Women
Boostanfar, R., Jain, J. K., Paulson, R. J., & Mishell, D. R. (2000) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00888-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rosiglitazone in insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): effects on ovarian function and metabolism
Cataldo, N. A., Abbasi, F., McLaughlin, T., Fechner, P. Y., Reaven, G. M., & Giudice, L. C. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03474-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works

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Fertility Preservation in Breast Cancer Patients: A Prospective Controlled Comparison of Ovarian Stimulation With Tamoxifen and Letrozole for Embryo Cryopreservation
Oktay, K., Büyük, E., Libertella, N., Akar, M. E., & Rosenwaks, Z. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.05.037 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Letrozole Reduces Estrogen and Gonadotropin Exposure in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Ovarian Stimulation before Chemotherapy
Oktay, K., Hourvitz, A., Şahin, G., Öktem, Ö., Safro, B., Çil, A. P., & Bang, H. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0962 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
The aromatase inhibitor letrozole increases the concentration of intraovarian androgens and improves in vitro fertilization outcome in low responder patients: A pilot study
García-Velasco, J. A., Moreno, L., Pacheco, A., Guillén, A., Duque, L. A. A., Requena, A., & Pellicer, A. (2005) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.117 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Use of letrozole in assisted reproduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Requena, A., Herrero, J. C., Landeras, J., Navarro, E., Neyro, J. L., Salvador, C., Tur, R., Callejo, J., Checa, M. Á., Farré, M., et al. (2008) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmn033 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
A new era in ovulation induction
Holzer, H., Casper, R., & Tulandi, T. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.078 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
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Clomiphene and anti-oestrogens for ovulation induction in PCOS
Brown, J., Farquhar, C. M., Beck, J., Boothroyd, C. V., & Hughes, E. G. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002249.pub4 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Pregnancy outcome after the use of an aromatase inhibitor for ovarian stimulation
Mitwally, M. F., Biljan, M. M., & Casper, R. F. (2005) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.08.013 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
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Pregnancy outcome after the use of an aromatase inhibitor for ovarian stimulation
Mitwally, M. F., & Casper, R. F. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03975-4 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citation
Further Evidence on the Safety and Success of Ovarian Stimulation With Letrozole and Tamoxifen in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization to Cryopreserve Their Embryos for Fertility Preservation
Oktay, K. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.04.011 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Fertility Preservation Options for Women With Malignancies
Marhhom, E., & Cohen, I. (2006) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000251029.93792.5d · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Clomiphene and other antioestrogens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Brown, J., & Farquhar, C. M. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002249.pub5 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
GnRH agonist as novel luteal support: results of a randomized, parallel group, feasibility study using intranasal administration of buserelin*
Pirard, C., Donnez, J., & Loumaye, E. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh830 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Oral anti-oestrogens and medical adjuncts for subfertility associated with anovulation
Brown, J., Farquhar, C. M., Beck, J., Boothroyd, C. V., Proctor, M. L., & Hughes, E. G. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002249.pub3 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Estradiol production during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation correlates with treatment outcome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer
Mitwally, M. F., Bhakoo, H. S., Crickard, K., Sullivan, M. W., Batt, R. E., & Yeh, J. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.02.086 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
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Letrozole and desogestrel‐only contraceptive pill for the treatment of stage IV endometriosis
REMORGIDA, V., ABBAMONTE, L. H., RAGNI, N., FULCHERI, E., & FERRERO, S. (2007) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.2007.00722.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
A randomized, single-blind, prospective trial comparing three different gonadotropin doses with or without addition of letrozole during ovulation stimulation in patients with poor ovarian response
Baştu, E., Buyru, F., Özsürmeli, M., Demiral, İ., Doğan, M., & Yeh, J. (2016) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.05.027 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Drugs in infertility and fetal safety
Elizur, S. E., & Tulandi, T. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.02.092 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Strategies to reduce multiple pregnancies due to ovulation stimulation
Dickey, R. P. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.008 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyoma with letrozole
Gürateş, B., Parmaksız, C., Kilic, G. S., Çelik, H., Kumru, S., & Şimşek, M. (2008) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60246-5 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Ovarian function and childbearing issues in breast cancer survivors
Gadducci, A., Cosio, S., & Genazzani, A. R. (2007) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590701582406 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination at the quarter centennial: implications for the multiple births epidemic
McClamrock, H. D., Jones, H. W., & Adashi, E. Y. (2012) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.02.031 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Use of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate combined with gonadotropins in intrauterine insemination cycles: a pilot study
Jee, B. C., Ku, S., Suh, C. S., Kim, K. C., Lee, W. D., & Kim, S. H. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.02.070 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Letrozole stimulation in endometrial preparation for cryopreserved–thawed embryo transfer in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A pilot study
Hu, Y., Chen, Y., Zhu, Y., & Huang, H. (2013) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12280 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Estimating rates of multiple gestation pregnancies: Sample size calculation from the assessment of multiple intrauterine gestations from ovarian stimulation (AMIGOS) trial
Diamond, M. P., Mitwally, M., Casper, R. F., Ager, J. W., Legro, R. S., Brzyski, R. G., Casson, P. R., Eisenberg, E., & Heping Zhang, D. (2011) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2011.07.009 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
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Control of Follicular Development, Corpus Luteum Function, the Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy, and the Neuroendocrine Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle in Higher Primates
Zeleznik, A. J., & POHL, C. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012515400-0/50050-6 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Aromatase inhibitors in women with clomiphene citrate resistance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Kamath, M. S., Aleyamma, T. K., Chandy, A., & George, K. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.06.008 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Sequential use of letrozole and gonadotrophin in women with poor ovarian reserve: a randomized controlled trial
Lee, V. C. Y., Chan, C. C. W., Ng, E. H. Y., Yeung, W. S. B., & Ho, P. C. (2011) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.05.012 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Effects of letrozole and clomiphene citrate on the expression of HOXA10 and integrin αvβ3 in uterine epithelium of rats
Bao, S. H., Sheng, S. L., Peng, Y. F., & Lin, Q. D. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.024 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Fertility concerns and preservation in younger women with breast cancer
Anchan, R. M., & Ginsburg, E. S. (2010) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.09.006 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Use of aromatase inhibitors in practice of gynecology
Usluoğullari, B., Duvan, C. Z., & Usluoğulları, C. A. (2015) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-015-0131-9 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Comparison of the effects of Ginger extract with clomiphene citrate on sex hormones in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Atashpour, S., Jahromi, H. K., Jahromi, Z. K., & Maleknasab, M. (2017) · International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM) · doi:10.29252/ijrm.15.9.561 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Use of letrozole and clomiphene citrate combined with gonadotropins in clomiphene-resistant infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective study
Xue, X., Liu, S., Yang, Y.-K., Xiaoning, L., Xi, W., & Mao, H. Z. (2015) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s83259 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gallic acid reverses ovarian disturbances in mice with letrozole-induced PCOS via modulating Adipo R1 expression
Shah, M. Z. U. H., Soni, M., Shrivastava, V. K., Mir, M. A., & Bashir, S. M. (2022) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.10.009 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Comparison of the efficacy of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole and clomiphen citrate gonadotropins in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: a prospective, simply randomized, clinical trial
Nejad, E. S. T., Abediasl, Z., Rashidi, B. H., Nekoo, E. A., Shariat, M., & Amirchaghmaghi, E. (2008) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-008-9209-2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Fertility and Reproductive Considerations in Premenopausal Patients with Breast Cancer
Lee, M. C., Gray, J. E., Han, H. S., & Plosker, S. M. (2010) · Cancer Control · doi:10.1177/107327481001700304 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Luteal phase oestradiol suppression by letrozole: a pilot study in oocyte donors
Fatemi, H. M., Popovic-Todorovic, B., Donoso, P., Papanikolaou, E. G. E., Smitz, J. E. J., & Devroey, P. (2008) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60212-x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Herbal Mixture Supplements with and without Clomiphene Citrate in Comparison to Clomiphene Citrate on Serum Antioxidants and Glycemic Biomarkers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Willing to Be Pregnant: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Ainehchi, N., Khaki, A., Farshbaf‐Khalili, A., Hammadeh, M. E., & Ouladsahebmadarek, E. (2019) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom9060215 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Current Therapeutic Options for Controlled Ovarian Stimulation in Assisted Reproductive Technology
Racca, A., Drakopoulos, P., Neves, A. R., & Polyzos, N. P. (2020) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01324-w · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Control of the Menstrual Cycle
Zeleznik, A. J., & Plant, T. M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00028-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Model‐Based Dose Selection for Intravaginal Ring Formulations Releasing Anastrozole and Levonorgestrel Intended for the Treatment of Endometriosis Symptoms
Reinecke, I., Schultze‐Mosgau, M., Nave, R., Schmitz, H., & Ploeger, B. A. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/jcph.846 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Oral agents for ovulation induction – clomiphene citrate versus aromatase inhibitors
Homburg, R. (2008) · Human Fertility · doi:10.1080/14647270701689670 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
FSH receptor in vitro modulation by testosterone and hCG in human luteinized granulosa cells
García-Velasco, J. A., Rodríguez-Mora, S., Agudo, D., Pacheco, A., Schneider, J., & Pellicer, A. (2012) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.08.020 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A prospective randomized trial comparing anastrozole and clomiphene citrate in an ovulation induction protocol using gonadotropins
Sipe, C. S., Davis, W. A., Maifeld, M., & Voorhis, B. J. V. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.048 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Extending letrozole treatment duration is effective in inducing ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and letrozole resistance
Zhu, X., & Fu, Y. (2022) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.09.018 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Chlorogenic Acid Restores Ovarian Functions in Mice with Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Via Modulation of Adiponectin Receptor
Shah, M. Z. U. H., Shrivastava, V. K., Sofi, S., Jamous, Y. F., Khan, M. F., Alkholifi, F. K., Ahmad, W., & Mir, M. A. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11030900 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Reduced aromatase activity in granulosa cells of women with endometriosis undergoing assisted reproduction techniques
de Abreu, L. G., Romão, G. S., dos Reis, R. M., Ferriani, R. A., de Sá, M. F. S., & de Moura, M. D. (2006) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590600902937 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Letrozole and gonadotropins versus luteal estradiol and gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol in women with a prior low response to ovarian stimulation
Elassar, A. A., Engmann, L., NULSEN, J. C., & Benadiva, C. A. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.103 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Frozen Embryo Transfer in Mildly Stimulated Cycle With Letrozole Compared to Natural Cycle in Ovulatory Women: A Large Retrospective Study
Li, D., Khor, S., Huang, J., Chen, Q., Lyu, Q., Cai, R., Kuang, Y., & Lu, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.677689 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Life with consequences of breast cancer: pregnancy during and after endocrine therapies
Goldhirsch, A., & Gelber, R. D. (2004) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/j.breast.2004.08.015 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A comparison among different methods of letrozole combined with gonadotropin in an antagonist protocol and high-dose gonadotropin ovarian stimulation antagonist protocol in poor ovarian responders undergoing in vitro fertilization
Yang, R. J., Li, H., Li, R., Liu, P., & Qiao, J. (2016) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-016-4164-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Fertility and pregnancy after breast cancer
Jones, A. L. (2006) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/s0960-9776(07)70017-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Phenotypes and their Ovulation Response to Sequential Letrozole Dose Escalation among Infertile Women at a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern India
Khurana, A., Swamy, M., Mitra, S., Srinivas, S., & Nagaraja, N. (2022) · Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_141_21 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Letrozole increases preantral follicle growth and decreases estradiol production without impairing follicle survival
Kasuga-Yamashita, F., Baba, T., Nagao, S., Fujibe, Y., 森下, 美., Kuno, Y., Mariya, T., Honnma, H., Endo, T., Kiya, T., et al. (2022) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-022-01073-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A comparison of the effects of clomiphene citrate and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on superovulation in Asian women with normal ovulatory cycles
Topipat, C., Choktanasiri, W., Jultanmas, R., Weerakiet, S., Wongkularb, A., & Rojanasakul, A. (2008) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590801895609 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Is letrozole superior to clomiphene for ovarian stimulation prior to intrauterine insemination?
Khanna, S. C., Kumar, A., Joy, S. G., Tanwar, R., Sharma, S. B., & Prasad, S. (2012) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-012-2579-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Pregnancy Rates in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Using Letrozole Versus Clomiphene Citrate: A Retrospective Record Review
Bahawi, Y. O., Radwan, E. M., Khouj, M. A., Alotaibi, R. K., Bajuwaiber, N. A., Baghlaf, L. F., AlFaraj, W. F., & Oraif, A. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.42257 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Follicular and endocrine response to anastrozole versus clomiphene citrate administered in follicular phase to normoovulatory women: a randomized comparison
Griesinger, G., von Otte, S., Schultze-Mosgau, A., Diedrich, K., & Schröer, A. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.091 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
EVALUATION OF LETROZOLE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT IN INFERTILE WOMEN
Asbagh, F. A., Azmodeh, O., Ghaseminezhad, A., Heydar, Z., Frouzanfard, F., Amirian, M., Nouri, K., & Salsabili, N. (2007) · ACTA MEDICA IRANICA · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Role of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor polymorphism in predicting ovarian response to letrozole in women with polycystic ovary syndrome during ovulation induction
Zhu, X., Wang, Q., Lang, J., Zhi, Y., Fu, Y., & Bao, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1585655 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Letrozole usage adjuvant to gonadotropins for ovulation induction for patients with clomiphene citrate failure
Ozdemir, U., Özakşit, G., Güngör, A. N. Ç., & Aydogan, M. (2013) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-013-2780-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Letrozole at the Crossroads of Efficacy and Fetal Safety in Ovulation Induction: A Narrative Review
Kaltsas, A., Efthimiou, A., Roidos, C., Tzikoulis, V., Georgiou, I. A., Sotiriadis, A., Zachariou, A., Chrisofos, M., Sofikitis, N., & Dimitriadis, F. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13092051 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Comparison of the success rate of letrozole and clomiphene citrate in women undergoing intrauterine insemination
Davar, R., Asgharnia, M., & Tayebi, M. J. (2006) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Extended Letrozole Treatment for Ovulation Induction and Clinical Pregnancy in Conventional Treatment-resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: A Prospective Parallel Randomized Clinical Trial
Mehrabian, F., Dehkordi, N. Z., Zakerinasab, F., Zarimeidani, F., Rahmati, R., Lotfizadeh, M., Ataei-Goujani, H., Naghshineh, E., & Tehrani, H. G. (2025) · The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India · doi:10.1007/s13224-025-02163-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Letrozole: an emerging array of hope for infertile women
Maladkar, M. N., Tekchandani, C. M., & Karchodi, A. (2020) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200402 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Clinical outcomes of three- or five-day treatment with clomiphene citrate combined with gonadotropins and a timed intercourse cycle in polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Bae, S.-A., Joo, J.-K., Choi, J.-R., Kim, S.-S., & Lee, K. S. (2015) · Daehan saengsik uihak hoeji/Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine · doi:10.5653/cerm.2015.42.3.106 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Letrozole for Induction of Ovulation in PCOS Patients: Resistant to Clomiphene Citrate
Chowdhury, T., Mahmud, N., & Siddiqui, M. (2010) · Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1074 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Use of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate combined with gonadotropins for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study
Athwal, A., Chakravorty, R., Sur, D., & Saha, R. (2017) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174068 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Improved Pregnancy Outcomes and Endometrial Receptivity by Thawed Frozen Embryo Transfer in Mildly Stimulated Cycles with Letrozole Combined with Estrogen in Women with Unresponsive Thin Endometrium Compared to Standard Endometrial Preparation with Estrogen Alone: A Retrospective Study
Nagaraja, N., Poddar, S. D., Rai, S., Verma, V., Abhisheka, K., & Khurana, A. (2023) · The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India · doi:10.1007/s13224-023-01813-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Herbal treatment options for female fertility disorders: a systematic review of clinical trials
Okafor, I. A., Obi, N. P., & Ibeabuchi, K. C. (2023) · Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.61186/phypha.27.4.357 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Efektifitas Kombinasi Aromatase Inhibitor dan Ovaprim dalam Merangsang Pemijahan Ikan Sumatra Puntius tetrazona
Hakim, F. N. (2010) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effects of Follicular Testosterone on Cumulus and Granulosa Cells during Ovarian Stimulation with Aromatase Inhibitors in Patients with Breast Cancer
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Selecting age-specific protocol for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in IVF program with particular reference to advanced age group
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Authors: Mitwally, M. F., & Casper, R. F.
Affiliations: Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
ORCID: Robert F. Casper
Venue: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Published: 2004-02
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Pages: 61-78
ISSN: 1526-4564 (ISSN-L)
1526-8004
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-823028
OpenAlex: W2401840272
Semantic Scholar: d122afaea279fdd68afdbe496dc5c3185f6a11c8
Cited by: 87
References: 91
Citations by year: 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 7.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Keywords: aromatase inhibitors, ovulation induction, anovulatory infertility, clomiphene citrate, controlled ovarian stimulation, recombinant FSH, pregnancy rate, assisted reproduction
MeSH terms: Anovulation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Therapy, Combination, Enzyme Inhibitors, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Gonadotropins, Humans, Infertility, Female, Ovulation Induction, Pregnancy, Recombinant Proteins, Pregnancy Rate, Aromatase Inhibitors

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Aromatase inhibitors in ovulation induction

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