Artemisinin, Related Sesquiterpenes, and Essential Oil in Artemisia annua During a Vegetation Period in Vietnam

Woerdenbag, Herman; Pras, Niesko; Chan, Nguyen; Bang, Bui; Bos, Rein; van Uden, Wim; Van Y, Pham; Van Boi, Nguyen; Batterman, Sieb; Lugt, Charles

doi:10.1055/s-2006-959474

Cited by 97Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae StudiesPlant biochemistry and biosynthesisPhytochemical compounds biological activities

Artemisinin, Related Sesquiterpenes, and Essential Oil in Artemisia annua During a Vegetation Period in Vietnam

Woerdenbag, Herman, Pras, Niesko, Chan, Nguyen, Bang, Bui, Bos, Rein, van Uden, Wim, Van Y, Pham, Van Boi, Nguyen +2 more·1994·Planta Medica

DOI 10.1055/s-2006-959474

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Abstract

The active principle of ARTEMISIA ANNUA L., artemisinin, is currently being developed to a registered antimalarial drug. For production purposes, plants with a high artemisinin content are required. We followed the development of the artemisinin content and of the biosynthetically related sesquiterpenes artemisinic acid, arteannuin B, and artemisitene in A. ANNUA plants, during a vegetation period in Vietnam, where this species is indigenous. In addition, the essential oil content and composition were studied. Samples of leaves, buds, flowers, or post-bloom flowers and fruits were taken at different stages: vegetative (5, 6, and 8 months old), at mass formation of buds (9 months), at full bloom (10 months), and post-bloom (10S months). The highest artemisinin content (0.86% dry wt) was present in the leaves of 5 months-old plants. At this stage also the highest leaf yield was found. Subsequently, the artemisinin content gradually dropped. At the age of 5 months the highest artemisinic acid and arteannuin B contents, 0.16 and 0.08% dry wt, respectively, were found as well. Artemisitene was present at all stages of development, ranging from 0.002 to 0.09% dry wt. With 1.9% v/w, the essential oil content was maximal just before flowering and was composed of 55% monoterpenes and 45% sesquiterpenes. At all other stages (0.4 - 1.0% v/w oil) this ratio was ca. 30%/70%. The main components of the oil were camphor and germacrene-D.

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Artemisitene (497) is present in A. annua at much lower levels than artemisinin, typically around 0.01% compared with 1%.
“Artemisitene (497), the 11,13-dehydro analogue of artemisinin, is present in A. annua at much lower levels than artemisinin (typically concentrations in the order of 0.01%, as compared with 1%) [240]”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [240]

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BackgroundResult
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BackgroundInfluential
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“Although the highest artemisinin concentrations were achieved during vegetative stages (Woerdenbag et al. 1994), the total quantity of putative artemisinin precursors (dihydroxyartemisinic acid and other upstream precursors) per leaf increased rapidly 7–14 days after leaf appearance (Lommen et al.”
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Crop phenology and floral induction in different Artemisia annua L. genotypes
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Rydén, A., Ruyter-Spira, C. P., Litjens, R. H. M. G., Takahashi, S., Quax, W. J., Osada, H., Bouwmeester, H. J., & Kayser, O. (2010) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/pcp/pcq073 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…Minor components + Chalchat et al. (1991) , Lawrence (1982) Menthone ND + Neomenthol ND + Nootkatone ND − Perilla alcohol ND − Perilla aldehyde ND + Rydén et al. (2010) Terpineol 0.1–0.9 − Woerdenbag et al. (1994) Thujone Traces–9.0 + Banthorpe et al. (1971 , 1977) , Ahmad and Misra (1994) a µg…”
BackgroundInfluential
Molecular Cloning of a Classical Plant Peroxidase from Artemisia annua and Its Effect on the Biosynthesis of Artemisinin In Vitro
Zhang, Y., Liu, B., Li, Z., Ye, H., Wang, H., Li, G., & Han, J. (2004) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chemical Profile Characterization ofArtemisia annuaL. Essential Oils From South India Through GC-FID and GC-MS Analyses
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Factors Affecting the Selection of Callus Cell Lines and the Preparation of the Cell Suspension Culture of Artemisia annua L.
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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oils From Аrtemisia annua L. Growing Wild in Tajikistan
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Recent Trends on Production Sources, Biosynthesis Pathways and Antiviral Efficacies of Artemisinin: A Candidate Phytomedicine against SARS-CoV-2
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Constituents of the Essential Oil of Artemisia annua Variety Sanjeevani Compared with Those of its Parental Varieties Arogya and Jeevanraksha: Selection for High Artemisinin Content Co-selected High Sesquiterpene Content in Essential Oil
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“(Woerdenbag et al. 1994).”
Artemisia Annua L.: Agro-Techniques for Semi-Arid Environments
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“annua contain at least 40 volatile compounds and several non volatile sesquiterpenes (Charles et al., 1991; Woerdenbag et al., 1994; Gupta et al., 2002; Ferreira et al., 2005).”
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“It was reported that plant height of the wormwood ranged from 50–200 cm (Baytop 1984; Woerdenbag et al. 1994; Ferreira and Janick 1996).”
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NO and ART
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Authors: Woerdenbag, H., Pras, N., Chan, N., Bang, B., Bos, R., van Uden, W., Van Y, P., Van Boi, N., Batterman, S., & Lugt, C.
Affiliations: University of Groningen (NL)
ORCID: Woerdenbag, Herman
Venue: Planta Medica
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Published: 1994-06
Volume: 60
Issue: 03
Pages: 272-275
ISSN: 0032-0943 (ISSN-L)
1439-0221
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-959474
OpenAlex: W1982734281
Cited by: 97
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 1.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Planta Medica (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical compounds biological activities
Keywords: Artemisia annua, artemisinin, sesquiterpenes, artemisinic acid, arteannuin B, essential oil composition, monoterpenes, plant growth stages, leaf yield, camphor, germacrene D

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Artemisinin, Related Sesquiterpenes, and Essential Oil in Artemisia annua During a Vegetation Period in Vietnam

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