A Genome-Wide Scenario of Terpene Pathways in Self-pollinated Artemisia annua
Open accessAbstract
Scenarios of genes to metabolites in Artemisia annua remain uninvestigated. Here, we report the use of an integrated approach combining metabolomics, transcriptomics, and gene function analyses to characterize gene-to-terpene and terpene pathway scenarios in a self-pollinating variety of this species. Eighty-eight metabolites including 22 sesquiterpenes (e.g., artemisinin), 26 monoterpenes, two triterpenes, one diterpene and 38 other non-polar metabolites were identified from 14 tissues. These metabolites were differentially produced by leaves and flowers at lower to higher positions. Sequences from cDNA libraries of six tissues were assembled into 18 871 contigs and genome-wide gene expression profiles in tissues were strongly associated with developmental stages and spatial specificities. Sequence mining identified 47 genes that mapped to the artemisinin, non-amorphadiene sesquiterpene, monoterpene, triterpene, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate and mevalonate pathways. Pearson correlation analysis resulted in network integration that characterized significant correlations of gene-to-gene expression patterns and gene expression-to-metabolite levels in six tissues simultaneously. More importantly, manipulations of amorpha-4,11-diene synthase gene expression not only affected the activity of this pathway toward artemisinin, artemisinic acid, and arteannuin b but also altered non-amorphadiene sesquiterpene and genome-wide volatile profiles. Such gene-to-terpene landscapes associated with different tissues are fundamental to the metabolic engineering of artemisinin.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Recent attempts to knock down the amorpha-4,11-diene synthase using RNAi in self-pollinating A. annua resulted in only a modest (30-50%) reduction in artemisinin levels.
“Recent attempts to knock down the amorpha-4,11-diene synthase using RNAi in self-pollinating A. annua resulted in only a modest (30-50%) reduction in artemisinin levels (25).”
From <i>Artemisia annua</i> mutant impaired in artemisinin synthesis demonstrates importance of nonenzymatic conversion in terpenoid metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Cites
Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs
Altschul, S. (1997) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/25.17.3389 · Cited by 73,302 · see citing works
TM4: a free, open-source system for microarray data management and analysis
Saeed, A. I., Sharov, V., White, J., Li, J., Liang, W., Bhagabati, N., Braisted, J., Klapa, M., Currier, T., Thiagarajan, M., et al. (2003) · BioTechniques · doi:10.2144/03342mt01 · Cited by 4,837 · see citing works
Cytoscape 2.8: new features for data integration and network visualization
Smoot, M. E., Ono, K., Ruscheinski, J., Wang, P., & Ideker, T. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq675 · Cited by 4,770 · see citing works
Production of the antimalarial drug precursor artemisinic acid in engineered yeast
Ro, D.-K., Paradise, E. M., Ouellet, M., Fisher, K. J., Newman, K. L., Ndungu, J. M., Ho, K. A., Eachus, R. A., Ham, T. S., Kirby, J., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04640 · Cited by 2,805 · see citing works
Qinghaosu (Artemisinin): an Antimalarial Drug from China
Klayman, D. L. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3887571 · Cited by 2,186 · see citing works
High-level semi-synthetic production of the potent antimalarial artemisinin
Paddon, C. J., Westfall, P. J., Pitera, D. J., Benjamin, K., Fisher, K., McPhee, D., Leavell, M. D., Tai, A., Main, A., Eng, D., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12051 · Cited by 2,060 · see citing works
Pertea, G. M., Huang, X., Liang, F., Antonescu, V., Sultana, R., Karamycheva, S. A., Lee, Y., White, J., Cheung, F., Parvizi, B., et al. (2003) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg034 · Cited by 1,904 · see citing works
Biosynthesis, function and metabolic engineering of plant volatile organic compounds
Dudareva, N., Klempien, A., Mühlemann, J. K., & Kaplan, I. (2013) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.12145 · Cited by 1,732 · see citing works
UniProt Knowledgebase: a hub of integrated protein data
Magrane, M. (2011) · Database · doi:10.1093/database/bar009 · Cited by 1,455 · see citing works
Teoh, K. H., Polichuk, D. R., Reed, D. W., Nowak, G., & Covello, P. S. (2006) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.01.065 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao)
Brown, G. D. (2010) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules15117603 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Graham, I. A., Besser, K., Blumer, S., Branigan, C. A., Czechowski, T., Elias, L., Guterman, I., Harvey, D., Isaac, P. G., Khan, A. M., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1182612 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Teoh, K. H., Reed, D. W., Maes, L., Goossens, A., Olson, D. J. H., Ross, A. R. S., & Covello, P. S. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m803090200 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Mercke, P., Bengtsson, M., Bouwmeester, H. J., Posthumus, M. A., & Brodelius, P. E. (2000) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.1962 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Development and Fine Structure of the Glandular Trichomes of Artemisia annua L.
Duke, S. O., & Paul, R. N. (1993) · International Journal of Plant Sciences · doi:10.1086/297096 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase catalyses the first probable step in artemisinin biosynthesis
Bouwmeester, H. J., Wallaart, T. E., Janssen, M. H. A., van Loo, B., Jansen, B. J. M., Posthumus, M. A., Schmidt, C. O., De Kraker, J.-W., König, W. A., & Franssen, M. C. R. (1999) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00206-x · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Teoh, K. H., Polichuk, D. R., Reed, D. W., & Covello, P. S. (2009) · Botany · doi:10.1139/b09-032 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Wallaart, T. E., Bouwmeester, H. J., Hille, J., Poppinga, L., & Maijers, N. C. A. (2001) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s004250000428 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Semisynthetic Artemisinin, the Chemical Path to Industrial Production
Turconi, J., Griolet, F., Guevel, R., Oddon, G., Villa, R., Geatti, A., Hvala, M., Rossen, K., Göller, R., & Burgard, A. (2014) · Organic Process Research & Development · doi:10.1021/op4003196 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Global characterization of Artemisia annua glandular trichome transcriptome using 454 pyrosequencing
Wang, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Qi, Y., & Guo, D. (2009) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-465 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Nicotiana benthamiana as a Production Platform for Artemisinin Precursors
van Herpen, T. W. J. M., Cankar, K., Nogueira, M., Bosch, D., Bouwmeester, H. J., & Beekwilder, J. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014222 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
STRUCTURE AND REACTION OF ARTEANNUIN
Liu, J. M. (1979) · Acta Chimica Sinica · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Delabays, N., Simonnet, X., & Gaudin, M. (2001) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867013371635 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Chang, Y.-J., Song, S.-H., Park, S.-H., & Kim, S.-U. (2000) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.2061 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Generation of the potent anti-malarial drug artemisinin in tobacco
Farhi, M., Marhevka, E., Ben‐Ari, J., Algamas‐Dimantov, A., Liang, Z., Zeevi, V., Edelbaum, O., Spitzer‐Rimon, B., Abeliovich, H., Schwartz, B., et al. (2011) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2054 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Functional genomics and the biosynthesis of artemisinin
Covello, P. S., Teoh, K. H., Polichuk, D. R., Reed, D. W., & Nowak, G. (2007) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.02.016 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Differential accumulation of isoprenoids in glanded and glandless Artemisia annua L
Tellez, M. R., Canel, C., Rimando, A. M., & Duke, S. O. (1999) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00308-8 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Floral Morphology of Artemisia annua with Special Reference to Trichomes
Janick, J. (1995) · International Journal of Plant Sciences · doi:10.1086/297304 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
The mechanism of the spontaneous autoxidation of dihydroartemisinic acid
Sy, L.-K., & Brown, G. D. (2002) · Tetrahedron · doi:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01193-0 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Ferreira, J., Simon, J., & Janick, J. (1995) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2006-958040 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Host erythrocyte polymorphisms and exposure to Plasmodium falciparum in Papua New Guinea
Fowkes, F. J. I., Michon, P., Pilling, L., Ripley, R. M., Tavul, L., Imrie, H., Woods, C. M., Mgone, C. S., Luty, A. J. F., & Day, K. P. (2008) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-1 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Bilia, A. R., Santomauro, F., Sacco, C., Bergonzi, M. C., & Donato, R. (2014) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2014/159819 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Studies on the Constituents of Artemisia annua Part II*
You-you, T., Mu-yun, N., Yu-rong, Z., Lan-na, L., Shu-lian, C., Mu-qun, Z., Xiu-zhen, W., Zheng, J., & Xiao-tian, L. (1982) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2007-971424 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Banek, K., Lalani, M., Staedke, S. G., & Chandramohan, D. (2014) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-7 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Elfawal, M. A., Towler, M. J., Reich, N. G., Weathers, P. J., & Rich, S. M. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1413127112 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Functional Genomics and the Biosynthesis of Artemisinin
Covello, P. S., Teoh, K. H., Polichuk, D. R., Reed, D. W., & Nowak, G. (2007) · ChemInform · doi:10.1002/chin.200742266 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Access to artemisinin combination therapy for malaria in remote areas of Cambodia
Yeung, S., Damme, W. V., Socheat, D., White, N. J., & MILLS, A. J. (2008) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-96 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Lommen, W. J., Schenk, E., Bouwmeester, H. J., & Verstappen, F. W. (2006) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2005-916202 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Alam, P., & Abdin, M. Z. (2011) · Plant Cell Reports · doi:10.1007/s00299-011-1099-6 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Formation of Artemisinin in<i>Artemisia annua</i>During One Vegetation Period<sup>*,1</sup>
Liersch, R., Soicke, H., Stehr, C., & Tüllner, H.-U. (1986) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2007-969193 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Woerdenbag, H., Pras, N., Chan, N., Bang, B., Bos, R., van Uden, W., Van Y, P., Van Boi, N., Batterman, S., & Lugt, C. (1994) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2006-959474 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Transgenic approach to increase artemisinin content in Artemisia annua L.
Tang, K., Shen, Q., Yan, T., & Fu, X. (2014) · Plant Cell Reports · doi:10.1007/s00299-014-1566-y · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Artemisinin-based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria
Gogtay, N., Kannan, S., Thatte, U. M., et al. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008492.pub3 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Terpenoids from Artemisia annua and constituents of its essential oil
Ahmad, A., & Misra, L. N. (1994) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/0031-9422(94)85021-6 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Charles, D. J., Simon, J. E., Wood, K. V., & Heinstein, P. F. (1990) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/np50067a021 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Metabolic engineering of artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L.
Liu, B., Wang, H., Du, Z., Li, G., & Ye, H. (2010) · Plant Cell Reports · doi:10.1007/s00299-010-0967-9 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The production of artemisinin precursors in tobacco
Zhang, Y., Nowak, G., Reed, D. W., & Covello, P. S. (2010) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00556.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Erratum to “Antiasthmatic Effects of Herbal Complex MA and Its Fermented Product MA128”
Kim, D.-S., Kim, S.-H., Kim, B.-K., et al. (2014) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2014/832758 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Shen, Q., Chen, Y. F., Wang, T., Wu, S. Y., Lu, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, F. Y., Jiang, W., & Tang, K. (2012) · Genetics and Molecular Research · doi:10.4238/2012.september.12.13 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Weathers, P. J., Elfawal, M. A., Towler, M. J., Acquaah-Mensah, G. K., & Rich, S. M. (2014) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.037 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Ferreira, J., Simon, J. E., & Janick, J. (1995) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2006-958098 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Chen, Q., Park, H. C., Goligorsky, M. S., Chander, P. N., Fischer, S. M., & Gross, S. S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037149 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Kjær, A., Grevsen, K., & Jensen, M. (2012) · AoB Plants · doi:10.1093/aobpla/pls018 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
(2012) · Plant Omics · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Influence of Harvest Time on Yield and Composition ofArtemisia annuaOil Produced in France
Chalchat, J., Garry, R.-P., & Lamy, J. (1994) · Journal of Essential Oil Research · doi:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698374 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Shen, Q., Wang, Y., Wang, T., Wu, S., Zhang, L., Lu, X., Zhang, F., Jiang, W., Qiu, B., et al. (2013) · Plant Biotechnology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11816-012-0262-z · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Essential oils of petal, leaf and stem of the antimalarial plant Artemisia annua
Goel, D., Singh, V., Ali, M., Mallavarupu, G. R., & Kumar, S. (2007) · Journal of Natural Medicines · doi:10.1007/s11418-006-0112-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Alejos-Gonzalez, F., Qu, G., Zhou, L.-L., Saravitz, C. H., Shurtleff, J. L., & Xie, D.-Y. (2011) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-011-1430-z · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationSimulated digestion of dried leaves of Artemisia annua consumed as a treatment (pACT) for malaria
Weathers, P. J., Jordan, N. J., Lasin, P., & Towler, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.043 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Artemisinin G: A Sesquiterpene fromArtemisia annua
Wei, Z.-X., Pan, J.-P., & Li, Y. (1992) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2006-961470 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Larson, T. R., Branigan, C., Harvey, D., Penfield, T., Bowles, D., & Graham, I. A. (2013) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.12.004 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Selection of High Artemisinin YieldingArtemisia annua
Chan, K., Teo, C. K. H., Jinadasa, S., & Yuen, K. H. (1995) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2006-958078 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
NEW ARTEMISIA ANNUA HYBRIDS WITH HIGH ARTEMISININ CONTENT
Simonnet, X., Quennoz, M., & Carlen, C. (2008) · Acta Horticulturae · doi:10.17660/actahortic.2008.769.52 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Adaptation and agronomic performance of Artemisia annua L. under lowland humid tropical conditions
Brisibe, E. A., Udensi, O., Chukwurah, P. N., de Magalhäes, P. M., Figueira, G. M., & Ferreira, J. F. S. (2012) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.02.018 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Barnes, B. B., Wilson, M. B., Carr, P. W., et al. (2013) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac4033615 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bannur, Z., Teh, L. K., Hennesy, T., Rosli, W. R. W., Mohamad, N., Nasir, A., Ankathil, R., Zakaria, Z. A., Baba, A., & Salleh, M. Z. (2014) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.02.013 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Teoh, K. H., Reed, D. W., & Covello, P. S. (2009) · Botany · doi:10.1139/b09-033 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Metabolic engineering of plants for artemisinin synthesis
Farhi, M., Kozin, M., Duchin, S., & Vainstein, A. (2013) · Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews · doi:10.1080/02648725.2013.821283 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Botanical Solution for Malaria
Milhous, W. K., & Weina, P. J. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1184780 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Cockram, J., Hill, C., Burns, C., Arroo, R. R. J., Woolley, J. G., Flockart, I., Robinson, T., Atkinson, C. J., Davies, M. J., Dungey, N., et al. (2012) · Plant Genetic Resources · doi:10.1017/s1479262112000159 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Alejos-Gonzalez, F., Perkins, K., Winston, M. I., & Xie, D.-Y. (2013) · American Journal of Plant Sciences · doi:10.4236/ajps.2013.411274 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationArtemisinin based combination therapy in travel medicine
Jelı́nek, T. (2013) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2013.01.005 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Investigation of the Fate of Trifluralin in Shrimp
Chan, D., Fussell, R. J., Hetmanski, M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf3046329 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Dalrymple, D. G. (2013) · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ferreira, J. (2008) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1075155 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hu, J., Jiang, F., Gu, H.-C., Ding, Z., Li, Y., Fan, Y., & Ding, X. (2013) · Chromatographia · doi:10.1007/s10337-013-2476-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Expression and Localization of Amorpha-4,11-diene Synthase in Artemisia annua L.
Pu, G., Ma, D., Wang, H., Ye, H., & Liu, B. (2012) · Plant Molecular Biology Reporter · doi:10.1007/s11105-012-0472-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationPaul, S., Khanuja, S. P. S., & Gupta, M. M. (2014) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.02.008 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jiang, L., Liu, H., Wang, J., FuRong, T., Zhao, K. X., Wu, X. B., Zhu, H. M., Tang, K., & Tang, X. (2010) · Journal of Medicinal Plants Research · doi:10.5897/jmpr.9000328 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Taylor, S. (2013) · Social History of Medicine · doi:10.1093/shm/hkt069 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Holm (1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1026(199707)12:4
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Czechowski, T., Larson, T. R., Catania, T. M., Harvey, D., Brown, G. D., & Graham, I. A. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1611567113 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Non-glandular Trichome Cells of Artemisia annua
Judd, R., Bagley, M. C., Li, M., Zhu, Y., Lei, C., Yuzuak, S., Ekelöf, M., Pu, G., Zhao, X., Muddiman, D. C., et al. (2019) · Molecular Plant · doi:10.1016/j.molp.2019.02.011 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationWani, K. I., Choudhary, S., Zehra, A., Naeem, M., Weathers, P., & Aftab, T. (2021) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-021-03676-3 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Xie, D.-Y., Ma, D.-M., Judd, R., & Jones, A. L. (2016) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11101-016-9480-2 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Ma, D.-M., Wang, Z., Wang, L., Alejos-Gonzales, F., Sun, M.-A., & Xie, D.-Y.
- Affiliations
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Clemson University (US)
- Virginia Tech (US)
- Corresponding author
- Xie, De-Yu
- Venue
- Molecular Plant
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1580-1598
- ISSN
- 1674-2052 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1913281859
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Plant (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
- Keywords
- Artemisia annua, terpene biosynthesis, artemisinin biosynthesis, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, triterpenoids, amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, gene regulatory networks, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway, mevalonate pathway, tissue-specific metabolism, volatile compounds, metabolic engineering
- MeSH terms
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Terpenes, Genes, Plant, Gene Expression Profiling, Artemisia annua, Artemisinins, Pollination, Metabolomics, Self-Fertilization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review