Mild Cognitive Impairment
Abstract
This article reviews the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, its implications for the subsequent development of dementia, and potential management strategies. The possible use of imaging and biomarkers to identify persons at high risk is discussed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The conversion from MCI to AD is difficult to predict, and some patients with MCI improve.
“Indeed, the conversion from MCI to AD is difficult to predict, and some patients with MCI improve [108].”
From The Need to Separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology from Clinical Features (2017) · cites this paper as [108]
Cites
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment
Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bédirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., Cummings, J. L., & Chertkow, H. (2005) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x · Cited by 25,553 · see citing works
Mild Cognitive Impairment: Clinical Characterization and Outcome
Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., & Kokmen, E. (1999) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.56.3.303 · Cited by 8,980 · see citing works
Self-citationAlzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Petersen, R. C., Aisen, P. S., Beckett, L. A., Donohue, M. C., Gamst, A. C., Harvey, D. J., Jack, C. R., Jagust, W. J., Shaw, L. M., Toga, A. W., et al. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181cb3e25 · Cited by 2,572 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebrospinal fluid biomarker signature in Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative subjects
Shaw, L. M., Vanderstichele, H., Knapik‐Czajka, M., Clark, C. M., Aisen, P. S., Petersen, R. C., Blennow, K., Soares, H., Simon, A., Lewczuk, P., et al. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21610 · Cited by 2,065 · see citing works
Self-citationMild Cognitive Impairment: Ten Years Later
Petersen, R. C., Roberts, R. O., Knopman, D. S., Boeve, B. F., Geda, Y. E., Ivnik, R. J., Smith, G. E., & Jack, C. R. (2009) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2009.266 · Cited by 1,447 · see citing works
Self-citationCSF Biomarkers and Incipient Alzheimer Disease in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Mattsson, N. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1064 · Cited by 1,176 · see citing works
Diagnosis-Independent Alzheimer Disease Biomarker Signature in Cognitively Normal Elderly People
De Meyer, G. (2010) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.179 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Study of Rofecoxib in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
on behalf of the Rofecoxib Protocol 078 study group, Thal, L. J., Ferris, S. H., Kirby, L., Block, G. A., Lines, C. R., Yuen, E., Assaid, C., Nessly, M. L., Norman, B. A., et al. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300690 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Classification of Neurocognitive Disorders in DSM-5: A Work in Progress
Ganguli, M., Blacker, D., Blazer, D. G., Grant, I., Jeste, D. V., Paulsen, J. S., Petersen, R. C., & Sachdev, P. S. (2011) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3182051ab4 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Diagnosis and Management of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Clinical Review
Langa, K. M., & Levine, D. A. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.13806 · Cited by 1,337 · see citing works
Biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases
Hansson, O. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01382-x · Cited by 1,159 · see citing works
Clinical epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease: assessing sex and gender differences
Mielke, M., Vemuri, P., & Rocca, W. (2014) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s37929 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
The Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: progress and perspectives
Swerdlow, R. H., Burns, J. M., & Khan, S. M. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.010 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
“Clinically, MCI subjects exhibit objective cognitive deficits or decline, may struggle to complete previously routine activities, but essentially retain independent function [94-96].”
BackgroundMotoric cognitive risk syndrome and the risk of dementia
Verghese, J., Wang, C., Lipton, R. B., & Holtzer, R. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls191 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Higher risk of progression to dementia in mild cognitive impairment cases who revert to normal
Roberts, R. O., Knopman, D. S., Mielke, M. M., Cha, R. H., Pankratz, V. S., Christianson, T. J. H., Geda, Y. E., Boeve, B. F., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., et al. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000055 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Self-citationLevine, M. E., Lu, A. T., Bennett, D. A., & Horvath, S. (2015) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100864 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Safety and efficacy of statin therapy
Adhyaru, B. B., & Jacobson, T. A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-018-0098-5 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Ambient Assisted Living Technologies for Aging Well: A Scoping Review
Blackman, S., Matlo, C., Bobrovitskiy, C., Waldoch, A., Fang, M. L., Jackson, P., Mihailidis, A., Nygård, L., Astell, A., & Sixsmith, A. (2016) · Journal of Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1515/jisys-2014-0136 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease in the community
Petersen, R. C., Aisen, P., Boeve, B. F., Geda, Y. E., Ivnik, R. J., Knopman, D. S., Mielke, M., Pankratz, V. S., Roberts, R., Rocca, W. A., et al. (2013) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.23931 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, Z., Liu, Y., Jiang, T., Zhou, B., An, N., Dai, H., Wang, P., Niu, Y., Wang, L., & Zhang, X. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.049 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Canevelli, M., Grande, G., Lacorte, E., Quarchioni, E., Cesari, M., Mariani, C., Bruno, G., & Vanacore, N. (2016) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.06.020 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
‘Adipaging’: ageing and obesity share biological hallmarks related to a dysfunctional adipose tissue
Pérez, L. M., Pareja‐Galeano, H., Sanchis‐Gomar, F., Emanuele, E., Lucia, A., & Gálvez, B. G. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271691 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Sachdev, P. S., Lipnicki, D. M., Crawford, J., Reppermund, S., Kochan, N. A., Trollor, J. N., Wen, W., Draper, B., Slavin, M. J., Kang, K., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059649 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Sex and gender differences in the causes of dementia: A narrative review
Rocca, W. A., Mielke, M. M., Vemuri, P., & Miller, V. M. (2014) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.05.008 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Assessing cognitive decline in the aging brain: lessons from rodent and human studies
Brito, D. V. C., Esteves, F., Rajado, A. T., Silva, N., ALFA score Consortium, Andrade, R., Apolónio, J., Calado, S., Faleiro, L., Matos, C., et al. (2023) · npj Aging · doi:10.1038/s41514-023-00120-6 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Beltrami, D., Gagliardi, G., Rossini Favretti, R., Ghidoni, E., Tamburini, F., & Calzà, L. (2018) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2018.00369 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Outcome Measures for Clinical Trials in Down Syndrome
Esbensen, A. J., Hooper, S. R., Fidler, D., Hartley, S. L., Edgin, J., d'Ardhuy, X. L., Capone, G., Conners, F. A., Mervis, C. B., Abbeduto, L., et al. (2017) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/1944-7558-122.3.247 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Lane, D. A., Aguinaga, L., Blomström-Lundqvist, C., Boriani, G., Dan, G.-A., Hills, M. T., Hylek, E. M., LaHaye, S. A., Lip, G. Y. H., Lobban, T., et al. (2015) · Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euv233 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Berchtold, N. C., Sabbagh, M. N., Beach, T. G., Kim, R. C., Cribbs, D. H., & Cotman, C. W. (2014) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.031 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Silva, D. F., Selfridge, J. E., Lu, J., E, L., Roy, N., Hutfles, L., Burns, J. M., Michaelis, E. K., Yan, S., Cardoso, S. M., et al. (2013) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt247 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Shen, Y., Wang, H., Sun, Q., Yao, H., Keegan, A. P., Mullan, M., Wilson, J., Lista, S., Leyhe, T., Laske, C., et al. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.007 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Mild Cognitive Impairment and Susceptibility to Scams in Old Age
Han, S. D., Boyle, P. A., James, B. D., Yu, L., & Bennett, D. A. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150442 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
A Primary Care Agenda for Brain Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Lazar, R. M., Howard, V. J., Kernan, W. N., Aparicio, H. J., Levine, D. A., Viera, A. J., Jordan, L. C., Nyenhuis, D. L., Possin, K. L., Sorond, F. A., et al. (2021) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000367 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Vitamin E for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment
Farina, N., Llewellyn, D., Isaac, M. G. E. K. N., & Tabet, N. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002854.pub4 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Jiang, H., Hampel, H., Prvulovic, D., Wallin, A., Blennow, K., Li, R., & Shen, Y. (2011) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-6-69 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The Need to Separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology from Clinical Features
Iverson, G. L., Keene, C. D., Perry, G., & Castellani, R. J. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170654 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Indeed, the conversion from MCI to AD is difficult to predict, and some patients with MCI improve [108].”
BackgroundAn automatic Alzheimer’s disease classifier based on spontaneous spoken English
Bertini, F., Allevi, D., Lutero, G., Calzà, L., & Montesi, D. (2022) · Computer Speech & Language · doi:10.1016/j.csl.2021.101298 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Event-related potentials elicited during working memory are altered in mild cognitive impairment
López Zunini, R. A., Knoefel, F., Lord, C., Dzuali, F., Breau, M., Sweet, L., Goubran, R., & Taler, V. (2016) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.09.012 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cognitive Aging: What Every Geriatric Psychiatrist Should Know
Blazer, D. G., & Wallace, R. B. (2016) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2016.06.013 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Bogza, L.-M., Patry-Lebeau, C., Farmanova, E., Witteman, H. O., Elliott, J., Stolee, P., Hudon, C., & Giguere, A. M. C. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/17406 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Gait dysfunction in Motoric cognitive risk syndrome
Ayers, E., & Verghese, J. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-181227 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wang, J., Dove, A., Song, R., Qi, X., Ma, J., Bennett, D. A., & Xu, W. (2022) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12625 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Li, W., Yue, L., & Xiao, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.886974 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Diagnóstico del deterioro cognitivo vascular y sus principales categorías
Rodríguez García, P. L., & Rodríguez García, D. (2015) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2011.12.014 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Agostini, S., Mancuso, R., Citterio, L. A., Mihali, G. A., Arosio, B., & Clerici, M. (2023) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-023-03911-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Jiang, Z., He, Q., Wezeman, J., Darvas, M., & Ladiges, W. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01198-w · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jiang, Y., Guo, Z., Zhou, X., Jiang, N., & He, J. (2025) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-025-01594-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Yun, J., Youn, Y. C., & Kim, H. R. (2024) · Annals of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.3343/alm.2024.0086 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Petersen, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Petersen, Ronald C.
- ORCID
- Petersen, Ronald C.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2011-06-09
- Volume
- 364
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 2227-2234
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W1833523444
- Cited by
- 1,289
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 70 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 145 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 84 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 7.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- mild cognitive impairment, dementia risk, dementia progression, diagnosis, management strategies, neuroimaging, biomarkers, risk identification
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Algorithms, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Dementia, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory Disorders, Risk Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review