The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: As mass vaccination campaigns against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) commence worldwide, vaccine effectiveness needs to be assessed for a range of outcomes across diverse populations in a noncontrolled setting. In this study, data from Israel's largest health care organization were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. METHODS: All persons who were newly vaccinated during the period from December 20, 2020, to February 1, 2021, were matched to unvaccinated controls in a 1:1 ratio according to demographic and clinical characteristics. Study outcomes included documented infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), symptomatic Covid-19, Covid-19-related hospitalization, severe illness, and death. We estimated vaccine effectiveness for each outcome as one minus the risk ratio, using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. RESULTS: Each study group included 596,618 persons. Estimated vaccine effectiveness for the study outcomes at days 14 through 20 after the first dose and at 7 or more days after the second dose was as follows: for documented infection, 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40 to 51) and 92% (95% CI, 88 to 95); for symptomatic Covid-19, 57% (95% CI, 50 to 63) and 94% (95% CI, 87 to 98); for hospitalization, 74% (95% CI, 56 to 86) and 87% (95% CI, 55 to 100); and for severe disease, 62% (95% CI, 39 to 80) and 92% (95% CI, 75 to 100), respectively. Estimated effectiveness in preventing death from Covid-19 was 72% (95% CI, 19 to 100) for days 14 through 20 after the first dose. Estimated effectiveness in specific subpopulations assessed for documented infection and symptomatic Covid-19 was consistent across age groups, with potentially slightly lower effectiveness in persons with multiple coexisting conditions. CONCLUSIONS: This study in a nationwide mass vaccination setting suggests that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective for a wide range of Covid-19-related outcomes, a finding consistent with that of the randomized trial.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The 7-day cutoff was chosen based on previous research the BNT162b2 vaccine effectivenesss1,11.”
From Waning effectiveness of the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Observational postmarketing studies, including this analysis, have consistently demonstrated a strong association between vaccination and risk reductions in COVID-19 hospitalization in immunocompetent individuals, suggesting that the high efficacy observed in mRNA clinical trials translates into beneficial effects in the community setting.2,3,10”
From Association Between mRNA Vaccination and COVID-19 Hospitalization and Disease Severity (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“It should be noted that high effectiveness (>80%) against severe disease and hospitalization has been reported for both BNT162b2 (refs93,94) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (ref.95).”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“Some early post-implementation analyses have suggested that the mRNA vaccines also reduce the incidence of asymptomatic infection and the nasopharyngeal viral load in individuals who become infected despite the vaccination93,107, but it is yet unclear how this translates to risk of transmission.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“Current epidemiological evidence is that the BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine retains its efficacy against B.1.1.7 in the UK24 and in reports from Israel.28,29”
From Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in infected or vaccinated individuals (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“A randomized, controlled trial and real-world studies have shown vaccine efficacy of 94 to 95% with the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) and vaccine effectiveness in preventing symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) 7 days or more after receipt of the second dose of vaccine.1,3-5”
From Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“it is substantial and occurs during a time when neutralizing antibody titers are either very low or absent (Baden et al., 2020; Dagan et al., 2021; Polack et al., 2020).”
From SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces functionally diverse antibodies to NTD, RBD, and S2 (2021) · cites this paper as Dagan et al., 2021
In the citing paper
“Since its rollout in late 2020 in Israel, the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) has been highly effective in preventing clinically significant coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).1-3”
From Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Variability in estimates of vaccine effectiveness between studies could result from differences in study design, testing protocols, and study populations”
In the citing paper
“BNT162b2, a messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine, has demonstrated a high efficacy rate with an acceptable safety profile. 1 2”
In the citing paper
“Likewise, clinical studies have reported somewhat reduced efficacy and effectiveness against the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.617.2 variants (10–12).”
From Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine–induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“In a mass vaccination study which included 3,159,136 participants from Israel, vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 as a two-dose scheme was 94%.397”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [397]
In the citing paper
“>90% efficacy in real-world conditions in USA132 and Israel126”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [126]
In the citing paper
“In a mass vaccination campaign involving 3,159,136 participants in Israel, two doses of BNT162b2 were 94% effective at preventing symptomatic COVID-19, 87% effective at preventing hospitalizations and 92% effective at preventing the onset of severe COVID-19 (ref.126).”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [126]
In the citing paper
“Although BNT162b2 is a two-dose regimen, early protection after a single dose has been reported in clinical trials and on the basis of real-world data.5,19,20”
From Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccine in adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Recent real-world data suggest that BNT162b2 prevents asymptomatic infection.19,27”
From Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccine in adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccines are highly effective against symptomatic disease and, more so, against severe disease and fatal outcomes caused by the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the alpha (B.1.1.7) variant that predominated in early 2021.”
From Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452 · Cited by 39,158
Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine
Polack, F. P., Thomas, S. J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Perez, J. L., Pérez Marc, G., Moreira, E. D., Zerbini, C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2034577 · Cited by 14,592
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Diemert, D., Spector, S. A., Rouphael, N., Creech, C. B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2035389 · Cited by 10,119
Validation of a combined comorbidity index
Charlson, M., Szatrowski, T. P., Peterson, J., & Gold, J. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90129-5 · Cited by 6,587
Using Big Data to Emulate a Target Trial When a Randomized Trial Is Not Available: Table 1.
Hernán, M. A., & Robins, J. M. (2016) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwv254 · Cited by 3,115
Self-citationAntibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7
Wang, P., Nair, M. S., Liu, L., Iketani, S., Luo, Y., Guo, Y., Wang, M., Yu, J., Zhang, B., Kwong, P. D., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03398-2 · Cited by 2,312
Negative Controls: A Tool for Detecting Confounding and Bias in Observational Studies
Lipsitch, M., Tchetgen Tchetgen, E., & Cohen, T. (2010) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181d61eeb · Cited by 1,583
Self-citationHernán, M. Á. (2009) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181c1ea43 · Cited by 1,367
Self-citationZambrano, L. D., Ellington, S., Strid, P., Galang, R. R., Oduyebo, T., Tong, V. T., Woodworth, K. R., Nahabedian, J. F., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Gilboa, S. M., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6944e3 · Cited by 1,207
Harder, V. S., Stuart, E. A., & Anthony, J. C. (2010) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0019623 · Cited by 802
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 18 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Chodick G Tene L Patalon T et al. The effectiveness of the first dose of BNT162b2 vaccine in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection 13-24 days after immunization: real-world evidence. January 29 2021 (https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.21250612v1). preprint. · DOI
- Efrati I. Israel to extend COVID vaccine drive to anyone over 16 starting Thursday. Haaretz. February 3, 2021.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,007
Labonia, M. C. I., Sentí, M. E., van der Kraak, P. H., Brans, M. A. D., Dokter, I., Streef, T. J., Smits, A. M., Deshantri, A. K., de Jager, S. C. A., Schiffelers, R. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.018 · Cited by 58
Jacobson, K. B., Pinsky, B. A., Montez Rath, M. E., Wang, H., Miller, J. A., Skhiri, M., Shepard, J., Mathew, R., Lee, G., Bohman, B., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab554 · Cited by 62
“In clinical trials, the vaccines demonstrated 52%–95% efficacy against symptomatic disease 14 days after the first dose and 95% efficacy 7 days after the second dose [3, 4].”
BackgroundSalerno, L., Craxì, L., Amodio, E., & Coco, G. L. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9080927 · Cited by 60
Macchia, A., Ferrante, D., Angeleri, P., Biscayart, C., Mariani, J. A., Esteban, S., Tablado, M. R., & de Quirós, F. G. B. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30800 · Cited by 55
“Vaccines Used The 3 vaccines used in this study were (1) the rAd26-rAd5 vaccine consisting of 2 adenovirus vectors (recombinant Ad26 [rAd26] and Ad5 [rAd5]), both containing the gene coding for the SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein; (2) the ChAdOx1 vaccine, which uses as a vector a modified adenovirus containing the full-length…”
MethodFusco, M. D., Moran, M. M., Cane, A. D., Curcio, D., Khan, F. L., Malhotra, D., Surinach, A., Miles, A., Swerdlow, D. L., McLaughlin, J. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.1080/13696998.2021.2002063 · Cited by 57
“To briefly summarize, mRNA VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic illness, and COVID-19-related hospitalization for IC patients in these existing studies has been found to be consistently lower than observed in the general populations, ranging from 63% to 90% [13-20].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialIndirect protection of children from SARS-CoV-2 infection through parental vaccination
Hayek, S., Shaham, G., Ben‐Shlomo, Y., Kepten, E., Dagan, N., Nevo, D., Lipsitch, M., Reis, B. Y., Balicer, R. D., & Barda, N. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abm3087 · Cited by 52
Self-citationImmunomodulating Therapies in Acute Myocarditis and Recurrent/Acute Pericarditis
Ammirati, E., Bizzi, E., Veronese, G., Groh, M., Heyning, C. M. V. D., Lehtonen, J. Y. A., de Chambrun, M. P., Cereda, A. F., Picchi, C., Trotta, L., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.838564 · Cited by 61
“01%) for acute COVID-19 myocarditis (125).”
Ferranna, M., Cadarette, D., & Bloom, D. E. (2021) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.014 · Cited by 55
Understanding the Secret of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern/Interest and Immune Escape
Lou, F., Li, M., Pang, Z., Jiang, L., Guan, L., Tian, L., Hu, J., Fan, J., & Fan, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.744242 · Cited by 54
Uwamino, Y., Kurafuji, T., Sato, Y., Tomita, Y., Shibata, A., Tanabe, A., Yatabe, Y., Noguchi, M., Arai, T., Ohno, A., et al. (2022) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.002 · Cited by 56
“The Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine is one of the newly developed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines using the messenger RNA coding spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and has demonstrated dramatic efficacy in clinical trials [1,2] and the real-world [3,4].”
Safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy- obstetric outcomes from a large cohort study
Dick, A., Rosenbloom, J. I., Gutman‐Ido, E., Lessans, N., Cahen‐Peretz, A., & Chill, H. H. (2022) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04505-5 · Cited by 55
“Vaccination was shown to result in a greater than 85% reduction in the risk of symptomatic disease and its transmission [7].”
BackgroundSemiparametric Proximal Causal Inference
Cui, Y., Pu, H., Shi, X., Miao, W., & Tchetgen, E. T. (2023) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.2023.2191817 · Cited by 113
“Other prominent examples of treatment and outcome proxies are negative control treatment and outcome variables routinely used in recent literature on the protective effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in real world settings (Patel et al., 2020; Dagan et al., 2021; Thompson et al., 2021; Olson et al., 2022; Li et al.…”
MethodGalanis, P., Vraka, I. S., Siskou, O. C., Konstantakopoulou, O., Katsiroumpa, A., & Καϊτελίδου, Δ. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.07.28.21261261 · Cited by 51
“…the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, unfavorable outcomes, and deaths among vaccinated individuals (Amit et al., 2021; Dagan et al., 2021; Haas et al., 2021; Hall et al., 2021; Vasileiou et al., 2021).”
Signals of hope: gauging the impact of a rapid national vaccination campaign
Shilo, S., Rossman, H., & Segal, E. (2021) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00531-0 · Cited by 53
Haskin, O., Ashkenazi‐Hoffnung, L., Ziv, N., Borovitz, Y., Dagan, A., Levi, S. S., Koren, G., Hamdani, G., Erez, D. L., Landau, D., et al. (2021) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000003922 · Cited by 52
“This may be because of vaccine-conferred immunity, even in antibody-negative patients, or the massive vaccination campaign in Israel, which dramatically reduced infection rates.(31) On multivariate analysis, only prior use of rituximab was found to be a risk factor for failure to develop antibodies post–COVID-19 vacci…”
BackgroundGlatman‐Freedman, A., Bromberg, M., Dichtiar, R., Hershkovitz, Y., & Keinan‐Boker, L. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103574 · Cited by 52
“These studies demonstrated VE point estimates of 90%-92% against SARS-CoV-2 infection and 94% against symptomatic disease (cid:1) 7 days after the second vaccine dose [18,19].”
InfluentialThe way of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development: success and challenges
Dong, Y., Dai, T., Wang, B., Zhang, L., Zeng, L., Huang, J., Yan, H., Zhang, L., & Zhou, F. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00796-w · Cited by 53
The Role of Risk Perception in Students’ COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Longitudinal Study
Hilverda, F., & Vollmann, M. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10010022 · Cited by 54
Covid-19: virology, variants, and vaccines
Young, M., Crook, H., Scott, J. T., & Edison, P. (2022) · BMJ Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjmed-2021-000040 · Cited by 55
Woodbridge, Y., Amit, S., Huppert, A., & Kopelman, N. M. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-33096-0 · Cited by 52
“Vaccine effectiveness (VE) is usually measured as the protection from infection or from clinical disease [1,2].”
BackgroundIoannou, G. N., Locke, E. R., Green, P. K., & Berry, K. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101326 · Cited by 54
Valussi, M., Antonelli, M., Donelli, D., & Firenzuoli, F. (2021) · Journal of Herbal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100451 · Cited by 52
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 among vaccinated health care workers
Ιωάννου, Π., Karakonstantis, S., Astrinaki, E., Saplamidou, S., Vitsaxaki, E., Hamilos, G., Sourvinos, G., & Kofteridis, D. P. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/23744235.2021.1945139 · Cited by 52
“Data from Israel show a high efficacy (90%) of BNT162b2 for preventing asymptomatic infection [10], suggesting the vaccine’s potential for halting the spread of SARS-CoV-2.”
BackgroundChemical design principles of next-generation antiviral surface coatings
Wang, N., Ferhan, A. R., Yoon, B. K., Jackman, J. A., Cho, N., & Majima, T. (2021) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d1cs00317h · Cited by 52
Monge, S., Olmedo, C., Alejos, B., Lapeña, M. F., Sierra, M. J., Limia, A., & COVID-19 registries study group (2021) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2710.211184 · Cited by 51
“21–27 days after vaccination, and 98% at >27 days after the second vaccine dose, rates that were similar to those for younger age groups (16).”
ResultDominance of Alpha and Iota variants in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections in New York City
Duerr, R., Dimartino, D., Marier, C., Zappile, P., Wang, G., Lighter, J., Elbel, B. D., Troxel, A. B., & Heguy, A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci152702 · Cited by 53
SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine adjuvants and their signaling pathways
Mekonnen, D. S., Mengist, H. M., & Jin, T. (2021) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2021.1991794 · Cited by 55
Cari, L., Alhosseini, M. N., Fiore, P., Pierno, S., Pacor, S., Bergamo, A., Sava, G., & Nocentini, G. (2021) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102742 · Cited by 54
Shibli, R., Barnett, O., Abu‐Ful, Z., Gronich, N., Najjar‐Debbiny, R., Doweck, I., Rennert, G., & Saliba, W. (2021) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100236 · Cited by 52
“Several high quality population-based studies have been conducted based on data retrieved from this database [13,14].”
Sun, C. L. F., Jaffe, E., & Levi, R. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10928-z · Cited by 57
A Population-Based Analysis of the Risk of Glomerular Disease Relapse after COVID-19 Vaccination
Canney, M., Atiquzzaman, M., Cunningham, A. M., Zheng, Y., Er, L., Hawken, S., Zhao, Y., & Barbour, S. J. (2022) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2022030258 · Cited by 53
The Importance of RNA-Based Vaccines in the Fight against COVID-19: An Overview
Machado, B. A. S., Hodel, K. V. S., Fonseca, L. M. D. S., Mascarenhas, L. A. B., Andrade, L. P. C. D. S., Rocha, V. P. C., Soares, M. B. P., Berglund, P., Duthie, M. S., Reed, S. G., et al. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9111345 · Cited by 55
Buonfrate, D., Piubelli, C., Gobbi, F. G., Martini, D., Bertoli, G., Ursini, T., Moro, L., Ronzoni, N., Angheben, A., Rodari, P., et al. (2021) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.07.024 · Cited by 50
Björk, J., Inghammar, M., Moghaddassi, M., Rasmussen, M., Malmqvist, U. P., & Kahn, F. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/23744235.2021.1982144 · Cited by 48
“However, a cohort study from Israel with detailed matching on demographic and clinical characteristics in a diverse population showed similar evolvement of VE after first and second dose as in our study when evaluated against symptomatic infection (57% 14–20 days after first dose and 94% 7days after second dose [8].”
ResultThe Future of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination — Lessons from Influenza
Monto, A. S. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp2113403 · Cited by 51
Modulating intracellular pathways to improve non-viral delivery of RNA therapeutics
de Vyver, T. V., Smedt, S. C. D., & Raemdonck, K. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.114041 · Cited by 51
Use of pragmatic and explanatory trial designs in acute care research: lessons from COVID-19
Casey, J. D., Beskow, L. M., Brown, J., Brown, S. M., Gayat, É., Gong, M. N., Harhay, M. O., Jaber, S., Jentzer, J. C., Laterre, P., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00044-3 · Cited by 56
Zerbo, O., Ray, G. T., FIREMAN, B. H., Layefsky, E., Goddard, K., Lewis, E. M., Ross, P., Omer, S. B., Greenberg, M., & Klein, N. P. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4 · Cited by 52
“, the timing between dose 1 and dose 2 was not within the recommended intervals; and (9) infants who did not become KPNCmembers within two calendar months of their birth.”
Kawaguchi, Y., Kimura, M., Karaki, T., Tanaka, H., Ono, C., Ishida, T., Matsuura, Y., Hirai, T., Akita, H., Shimizu, T., et al. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c10648 · Cited by 55
Nel, A. E., & Miller, J. F. (2021) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c01845 · Cited by 50
Rate and risk factors for breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination
Butt, A. A., Khan, T., Peng, Y., Shaikh, O. S., Omer, S. B., & Mayr, F. (2021) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.05.021 · Cited by 53
How will mass-vaccination change COVID-19 lockdown requirements in Australia?
Zachreson, C., Chang, S. L., Cliff, O. M., & Prokopenko, M. (2021) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100224 · Cited by 49
“Some of the available vaccines, most notably BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), have shown a high efficacy against documented infection, as well as symptomatic and severe disease [4] .”
Flacco, M. E., Soldato, G., Martellucci, C. A., Carota, R., Luzio, R. D., Caponetti, A., & Manzoli, L. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9060628 · Cited by 50
“reported an effectiveness ranging from 57% to >90% after one dose, and ≥90% after two doses [13,14,20,21].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialKissling, E., Hooiveld, M., Martín, V. S., Martínez‐Baz, I., William, N., Vilcu, A., Mazagatos, C., Domegan, L. M., de Lusignan, S., Meijer, A., et al. (2021) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.29.2100670 · Cited by 50
Risk factors for breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated healthcare workers
Alishaq, M., Nafady‐Hego, H., Jeremijenko, A. M., Ajmi, J. A. A., Elgendy, M., Vinoy, S., Fareh, S. B., Plaatjies, J. V., Nooh, M., Alanzi, N., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258820 · Cited by 50
Teerawattananon, Y., Anothaisintawee, T., Pheerapanyawaranun, C., Botwright, S., Akksilp, K., Sirichumroonwit, N., Budtarad, N., & Isaranuwatchai, W. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261930 · Cited by 50
“Dagan [51] Days 14 through 20 after the first dose of vaccine; days 21 through 27 after the first dose (administration of the second dose was scheduled to occur on day 21 after the first dose); day 7 after the second dose until the end of the follow-up Clalit Health Services (CHS) database, the largest of four integra…”
BackgroundInfluentialSARS-CoV-2: phenotype, genotype, and characterization of different variants
Saberiyan, M., Karimi, E., Khademi, Z., Movahhed, P., Safi, A., & Ghahfarrokhi, A. M. (2022) · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters · doi:10.1186/s11658-022-00352-6 · Cited by 56
mRNA vaccines in the prevention and treatment of diseases
Gu, Y., Duan, J., Yang, N., Yang, Y., & Zhao, X. (2022) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.167 · Cited by 54
Grapsa, E. J., Adamos, G., Andrianopoulos, I., Tsolaki, V., Giannakoulis, V. G., Karavidas, N., Giannopoulou, V., Sarri, K. O., Mizi, E., Gavrielatou, E., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.35219 · Cited by 54
“For the primary outcome (ie, time from intubation to all-cause ICU mortality), we performed sensitivity analyses (1) by including only patients receiving an mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) in the full vaccination group; (2) by including only unvaccinated patients in the control group; (3) by separating the control group into…”
MethodResultNurses’ challenges, concerns and unfair requirements during the COVID-19 outbreak
Sperling, D. (2021) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/09697330211005175 · Cited by 57
Durability of mRNA-1273-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variantsPreprint
Pegu, A., O’Connell, S. E., Schmidt, S. D., O'Dell, S. J., Talana, C. A., Lai, L., Albert, J., Anderson, E. J., Bennett, H., Corbett, K. S., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.13.444010 · Cited by 50
An Overview of Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Pascual‐Iglesias, A., Cantón, J., Ortega‐Prieto, A. M., Jiménez-Guardeño, J. M., & Regla-Nava, J. Á. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10081030 · Cited by 50
Targeting intra-viral conserved nucleocapsid (N) proteins as novel vaccines against SARS-CoVs
Thura, M., Sng, J., Ang, K. H., Li, J., Gupta, A. K., Hong, J. M., Hong, C. W., & Zeng, Q. (2021) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20211491 · Cited by 48
Wong, K. C.-Y., Xiang, Y., Yin, L., & So, H. (2021) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/29544 · Cited by 49
“Hospitalization has also been considered as an outcome measure in many studies, including those of vaccination effectiveness [22-25], risk prediction [26,27], and genetic/clinical risk factors [28,29] underlying severe COVID-19.”
ResultLives saved and hospitalizations averted by COVID-19 vaccination in New York City: a modeling study
Shoukat, A., VILCHES, T. N., Moghadas, S. M., Sah, P., Schneider, E. C., Shaff, J., Zucker, J. R., Quinn, C., Chokshi, D. A., & Galvani, A. P. (2021) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2021.100085 · Cited by 51
Tsilingiris, D., Vallianou, N. G., Karampela, Ι., Liu, J., & Dalamaga, Μ. (2021) · Metabolism Open · doi:10.1016/j.metop.2021.100159 · Cited by 51
“Real-world data from the nation-wide application of BNT162b2 in Israel demonstrated protection rates of 92%, 87% and 94% against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization and severe disease, respectively among fully vaccinated individuals [5].”
Population-level implications of the Israeli booster campaign to curtail COVID-19 resurgence
Gavish, N., Yaari, R., Huppert, A., & Katriel, G. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abn9836 · Cited by 49
Expert review on global real-world vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2
Chuenkitmongkol, S., Solante, R., Burhan, E., Chariyalertsak, S., Chiu, N., Dung, D. V., Husin, M., Hwang, K., Kiertiburanakul, S., Kulkarni, P. S., et al. (2022) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2022.2092472 · Cited by 47
Shin, K., Suh, H., Grundler, J., Lynn, A. Y., Pothupitiya, J. U., Moscato, Z. M., Reschke, M., Bracaglia, L. G., Piotrowski-Daspit, A. S., & Saltzman, W. M. (2022) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121676 · Cited by 48
Efficacy Estimates for Various COVID-19 Vaccines: What we Know from the Literature and ReportsPreprint
Shapiro, J., Dean, N. E., Madewell, Z. J., Yang, Y., Halloran, M. E., & Longini, I. M. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.20.21257461 · Cited by 46
“0), 14-20 day period after dose 1 [10]”
BackgroundDanese, E., Montagnana, M., Salvagno, G. L., Gelati, M., Peserico, D., Pighi, L., NITTO, S. D., Henry, B. M., Porru, S., & Lippi, G. (2021) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2021-0339 · Cited by 51
Ameratunga, R., Longhurst, H. J., Steele, R. H., Lehnert, K., Leung, E. Y., Brooks, A. E. S., & Woon, S. (2021) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2021.06.019 · Cited by 49
Immune responses to a single dose of the AZD1222/Covishield vaccine in health care workers
Jeewandara, C., Kamaladasa, A., Pushpakumara, P. D., Jayathilaka, D., Aberathna, I. S., Danasekara, D. R. S. R., Guruge, D., Ranasinghe, T., Dayarathna, S., Pathmanathan, T., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24579-7 · Cited by 50
Research Status and Prospect of Non-Viral Vectors Based on siRNA: A Review
Tong, L., Liu, D., Cao, Z., Zheng, N., Mao, C., Liu, S., He, L., & Liu, S. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24043375 · Cited by 51
Hazan, G., Duek, O. A., Alapi, H., Mok, H., Ganninger, A., Ostendorf, E., Gierasch, C. M., Chodick, G., Greenberg, D. A., & Haspel, J. A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci167339 · Cited by 48
“A strength of the MHS data is that prior studies have used it and other similar sources to measure the real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (36–39).”
MethodResultSelecting and Using the Appropriate Influenza Vaccine for Each Individual
Sekiya, T., Ohno, M., Nomura, N., Handabile, C., Shingai, M., Jackson, D. C., Brown, L. E., & Kida, H. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13060971 · Cited by 48
Lumley, S., Rodger, G., Constantinides, B., Sanderson, N., Chau, K. K., Street, T. L., O’Donnell, D., Howarth, A., Hatch, S. B., Marsden, B. D., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.03.09.21253218 · Cited by 48
“Protection following two vaccine doses was comparable to other real-world studies.(6,8) Protection following a single dose was towards the lower range of previous reports, potentially reflecting occupational exposure in HCWs.”
ResultKolb, T., Fischer, S., Müller, L., Lübke, N., Hillebrandt, J., Andrée, M., Schmitz, M., Schmidt, C., Kücükköylü, S., Koster, L., et al. (2021) · Kidney360 · doi:10.34067/kid.0003512021 · Cited by 46
Change in age distribution of COVID-19 deaths with the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination
Pastorino, R., Pezzullo, A. M., Villani, L., Causio, F. A., Axfors, C., Contopoulos‐Ioannidis, D. G., Boccia, S., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112342 · Cited by 44
“…clinical trials (Polack et al., 2020; Voysey et al., 2021; Baden et al., 2021) and have also demonstrated high effectiveness for preventing hospitalization and death in preliminary analyses after wide deployment in large populations (Dagan et al., 2021; Vasileiou et al., 2021; Bernal et al., 2021).”
Yuan, Y., Deng, Z., Chen, M., Yin, D., Zheng, J., Liu, Y., Liu, X., Zou, H., Zhang, C., & Sun, C. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9091044 · Cited by 47
Serologic response to COVID-19 infection and/or vaccine in cancer patients on active treatment
Grinshpun, A., Rottenberg, Y., Ben-Dov, I., Djian, E., Wolf, D. G., & Kadouri, L. (2021) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100283 · Cited by 48
Israeli, M., Finkel, Y., Yahalom-Ronen, Y., Paran, N., Chitlaru, T., Israeli, O., Cohen-Gihon, I., Aftalion, M., Falach, R., Rotem, S., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29896-z · Cited by 46
Shrotri, M., Fragaszy, E., Nguyen, V. G., Nguyen, V., Beale, S., Braithwaite, I., Byrne, T., Fong, W. L. E., Kovar, J., Navaratnam, A. M. D., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-33550-z · Cited by 82
de Figueiredo, A., Simas, C., & Larson, H. J. (2022) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.051 · Cited by 47
“The factors most likely Survey question Values (recode in parenthesis) Baseline for regressions COVID-19 vaccination intent (response) If a new coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine became publicly available, I would take it strongly agree (5), agree (4), do not know (3), disagree (2), strongly disagree (1) n/a socio-econo-d…”
BackgroundJung, S., Jeon, J. J., Kim, Y. H., Choe, S. J., & Lee, S. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-50656-8 · Cited by 50
“…wanes over time and as virus variants such as Omicron, mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines show generally signi fi cant ef fi cacy, preventing 46 – 92% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, 74 – 87% of hospitalisations, and 62 – 92% of severe illnesses, as de fi ned by the National Institutes of Health criteria 4 .”
Gagné, M., Moliva, J. I., Foulds, K. E., Andrew, S. F., Flynn, B. J., Werner, A. P., Wagner, D. A., Teng, I., Lin, B. C., Moore, C. A., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.02.03.479037 · Cited by 47
Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A rare disease associated with BNT162b2 vaccine
Maayaan, H., Kirgner, I., Gutwein, O., Tzarfati, K. H., Rahimi‐Levene, N., Koren‐Michowitz, M., & Blickstein, D. (2021) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.15420 · Cited by 46
Vaccination and COVID-19 Dynamics in Dialysis Patients
Karoui, K. E., Hourmant, M., Ayav, C., Glowacki, F., Couchoud, C., Lapidus, N., & on behalf of the REIN Registry (2022) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.10300721 · Cited by 48
“The rapid development of vaccination against SARSCoV-2 had a major role in controlling COVID-19 spread because vaccines have shown a dramatic efficacy in preventing symptomatic forms of COVID-19, both in clinical trials and in nationwide studies (7).”
BackgroundPolyplex designs for improving the stability and safety of RNA therapeutics
Uchida, S., Lau, C. Y. J., Oba, M., & Miyata, K. (2023) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2023.114972 · Cited by 46
Lives and Costs Saved by Expanding and Expediting Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination
Bartsch, S. M., Wedlock, P. T., O’Shea, K. J., Cox, S. N., Strych, U., Nuzzo, J. B., Ferguson, M. C., Bottazzi, M. E., Siegmund, S. S., Hotez, P. J., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab233 · Cited by 50
“Initial studies report that these vaccines may actually have an 86%-92% effectiveness at preventing infection.[32-35] While the emergence of new variants[36, 37] could further reduce the effectiveness of currently available vaccines[38, 39] and raises concerns about the emergence future variants adversely affecting va…”
BackgroundResultInfectious disease mRNA vaccines and a review on epitope prediction for vaccine design
Cai, X., Li, J. J., Liu, T., Brian, O., & Li, J. (2021) · Briefings in Functional Genomics · doi:10.1093/bfgp/elab027 · Cited by 47
“5 million participants using two doses of BNT162b2 showed 92% effectiveness for documented infection [17].”
BackgroundAndrejko, K. L., Pry, J. M., Myers, J. F., Jewell, N. P., Openshaw, J. J., Watt, J., Jain, S., Lewnard, J. A., California COVID-19 Case-Control Study Team, Samani, H., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab640 · Cited by 62
“While observational studies face risks of bias (due, for instance, to differences in risk behavior between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals), the similarity of our estimates to those of other studies, stepwise increases in VE with time since receipt of each dose, and the absence of apparent protection immediate…”
ResultMahroum, N., Lavine, N., Ohayon, A., Seida, R., Alwani, A., Alrais, M., Zoubi, M., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.872683 · Cited by 50
“For instance, in a nationwide study from Israel which analyzed more than 800 thousand people, the incidence of Bell’s palsy was higher in the vaccinated group compared to the control group, but without significant results (97).”
Kim, S., Ryu, H., Tai, S., Pedowitz, M., Rzasa, J. R., Pennachio, D. J., Hajzus, J. R., Milton, D. K., Myers‐Ward, R. L., & Daniels, K. M. (2021) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2021.113803 · Cited by 45
PICK-ing Malaysia’s Epidemic Apart: Effectiveness of a Diverse COVID-19 Vaccine Portfolio
Suah, J. L., Tok, P. S. K., Ong, S. M., Husin, M., Tng, B. H., Sivasampu, S., Thevananthan, T., Appannan, M. R., Zin, F. M., Zin, S. M., et al. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9121381 · Cited by 45
Butt, A. A., Talisa, V. B., Shaikh, O. S., Omer, S. B., & Mayr, F. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac328 · Cited by 48
Naylor, K. L., Kim, S. J., Smith, G. H. R., McArthur, E., Kwong, J. C., Dixon, S. N., Treleaven, D. J., & Knoll, G. A. (2022) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ajt.17095 · Cited by 47
Rapid, scalable assessment of SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity by whole-blood PCR
Schwarz, M. C., Torre, D., Lozano‐Ojalvo, D., Tan, A. T., Tabaglio, T., Mzoughi, S., Sánchez-Tarjuelo, R., Bert, N. L., Lim, J. M. E., Hatem, S., et al. (2022) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-022-01347-6 · Cited by 42
COVID ‐19 and plasma cells: Is there long‐lived protection?*
Nguyen, D. C., Lamothe, P. A., Woodruff, M. C., Saini, A. S., Faliti, C. E., Sanz, I., & Lee, F. E.-H. (2022) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13115 · Cited by 48
Low case numbers enable long-term stable pandemic control without lockdowns
Contreras, S., Dehning, J., Mohr, S., Bauer, S., Spitzner, F. P., & Priesemann, V. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abg2243 · Cited by 46
Parino, F., Zino, L., Calafiore, G. C., & Rizzo, A. (2021) · International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control · doi:10.1002/rnc.5728 · Cited by 45
“Here, we provide the details of the additional constraints that the optimal solution has to meet, besides verifying the dynamical system in (3).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRisk of COVID-19 breakthrough infection and hospitalization in individuals with comorbidities
Smits, P. D., Gratzl, S., Simonov, M., Nachimuthu, S., Cartwright, B. M. G., Wang, M. D., Baker, C., Rodriguez, P., Bogiages, M., Althouse, B. M., et al. (2023) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.038 · Cited by 46
Voluntary COVID-19 vaccination of children: a social responsibility
Brusa, M., & Barilan, Y. M. (2021) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2021-107370 · Cited by 45
RETRACTED: The Safety of COVID-19 Vaccinations—We Should Rethink the Policy
Walach, H., Klement, R. J., & Aukema, W. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9070693 · Cited by 47
“A recent large field study in Israel with more than a million articipants [6], where Comirnaty, the mRNA vaccination product marketed by Pfizer, was applied allowed us to calculate the figure more precisely.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRetractedComparison of Antibody Response Elicited by ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine
Kang, Y. M., Minn, D., Lim, J., Lee, K.-D., Jo, D. H., Choe, K. W., Kim, M. J., Kim, J. M., & Kim, K. N. (2021) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e311 · Cited by 45
mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster fosters B- and T-cell responses in immunocompromised patients
Azzolini, E., Pozzi, C., Germagnoli, L., Oresta, B., Carriglio, N., Calleri, M., Selmi, C. F., Santis, M. D., Finazzi, S., Carlo‐Stella, C., et al. (2022) · Life Science Alliance · doi:10.26508/lsa.202201381 · Cited by 43
“…have proven great efficacy in activating an immune response in healthy individuals (Polack et al, 2020; Walsh et al, 2020; Abu Jabal et al, 2021; Dagan et al, 2021; Haas et al, 2021; Voysey et al, 2021; Arunachalam et al, 2021a, 2021b), and we and others have shown that one dose is sufficient…”
BackgroundKlemis, V., Schmidt, T., Schub, D., Mihm, J., Marx, S., Abu‐Omar, A., Ziegler, L., Hielscher, F., Guckelmus, C., Urschel, R., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32321-0 · Cited by 45
Richterman, A. G., Meyerowitz, E. A., & Çevik, M. (2021) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab259 · Cited by 45
“These studies applyparastyle “fig//caption/p[1]” parastyle “FigCapt””
COVID-19 Vaccination Associated With Reduced Postoperative SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Morbidity
Prasad, N. K., Lake, R., Englum, B. R., Turner, D. J., Siddiqui, T., Mayorga‐Carlin, M., Sorkin, J. D., & Lal, B. K. (2021) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000005176 · Cited by 44
“Recent real-world data confirm the efficacy of the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines in preventing infection and have also shown effectiveness in reducing hospitalizations and mortality.(19,20) However, surgical procedures”
MethodNeutrophils and lymphopenia, an unknown axis in severe COVID-19 disease
Peñaloza, H. F., Lee, J. S., & Ray, P. (2021) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009850 · Cited by 44
“Despite the advent of vaccines that have shown high efficacy in preventing severe disease and in providing protection from infection [9,10], the slow vaccination rate in PLOS PATHOGENS”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Dagan, N., Barda, N., Kepten, E., Miron, O., Perchik, S., Katz, M. A., Hernán, M. A., Lipsitch, M., Reis, B., & Balicer, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- From the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv (N.D., N.B., E.K., O.M., S.P., M.A.K., R.D.B.), and the School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva (O.M., M.A.K., R.D.B.) — both in Israel; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (M.A.K.); and the Department of Biomedical Informatics (N.D., N.B.), Harvard Medical School (B.R.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.A.H.), and the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Departments of Epidemiology and of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (M.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (M.A.H.), and the Predictive Medicine Group, Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital (B.R.) — all in Boston.
- Corresponding author
- Balicer, Ran D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-04-15
- Volume
- 384
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1412-1423
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC7944975
- OpenAlex
- W3131688063
- Cited by
- 2,527
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 114 · 2024: 202 · 2023: 367 · 2022: 831 · 2021: 926
- FWCI
- 184.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Morris–Singer Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention, symptomatic COVID-19, COVID-19 hospitalization, severe COVID-19, COVID-19 mortality, mass vaccination campaigns, real-world effectiveness, comorbidities, Israel
- MeSH terms
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, BNT162 Vaccine, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Israel, Male, Middle Aged, Incidence, Treatment Outcome, Mass Vaccination, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
