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BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: As mass vaccination campaigns against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) commence worldwide, vaccine effectiveness needs to be assessed for a range of outcomes across diverse populations in a noncontrolled setting. In this study, data from Israel's largest health care organization were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. METHODS: All persons who were newly vaccinated during the period from December 20, 2020, to February 1, 2021, were matched to unvaccinated controls in a 1:1 ratio according to demographic and clinical characteristics. Study outcomes included documented infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), symptomatic Covid-19, Covid-19-related hospitalization, severe illness, and death. We estimated vaccine effectiveness for each outcome as one minus the risk ratio, using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. RESULTS: Each study group included 596,618 persons. Estimated vaccine effectiveness for the study outcomes at days 14 through 20 after the first dose and at 7 or more days after the second dose was as follows: for documented infection, 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40 to 51) and 92% (95% CI, 88 to 95); for symptomatic Covid-19, 57% (95% CI, 50 to 63) and 94% (95% CI, 87 to 98); for hospitalization, 74% (95% CI, 56 to 86) and 87% (95% CI, 55 to 100); and for severe disease, 62% (95% CI, 39 to 80) and 92% (95% CI, 75 to 100), respectively. Estimated effectiveness in preventing death from Covid-19 was 72% (95% CI, 19 to 100) for days 14 through 20 after the first dose. Estimated effectiveness in specific subpopulations assessed for documented infection and symptomatic Covid-19 was consistent across age groups, with potentially slightly lower effectiveness in persons with multiple coexisting conditions. CONCLUSIONS: This study in a nationwide mass vaccination setting suggests that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective for a wide range of Covid-19-related outcomes, a finding consistent with that of the randomized trial.
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“The 7-day cutoff was chosen based on previous research the BNT162b2 vaccine effectivenesss1,11.”
From Waning effectiveness of the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Observational postmarketing studies, including this analysis, have consistently demonstrated a strong association between vaccination and risk reductions in COVID-19 hospitalization in immunocompetent individuals, suggesting that the high efficacy observed in mRNA clinical trials translates into beneficial effects in the community setting.2,3,10”
From Association Between mRNA Vaccination and COVID-19 Hospitalization and Disease Severity (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“It should be noted that high effectiveness (>80%) against severe disease and hospitalization has been reported for both BNT162b2 (refs93,94) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (ref.95).”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“Some early post-implementation analyses have suggested that the mRNA vaccines also reduce the incidence of asymptomatic infection and the nasopharyngeal viral load in individuals who become infected despite the vaccination93,107, but it is yet unclear how this translates to risk of transmission.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“Current epidemiological evidence is that the BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine retains its efficacy against B.1.1.7 in the UK24 and in reports from Israel.28,29”
From Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in infected or vaccinated individuals (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“A randomized, controlled trial and real-world studies have shown vaccine efficacy of 94 to 95% with the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) and vaccine effectiveness in preventing symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) 7 days or more after receipt of the second dose of vaccine.1,3-5”
From Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“it is substantial and occurs during a time when neutralizing antibody titers are either very low or absent (Baden et al., 2020; Dagan et al., 2021; Polack et al., 2020).”
From SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces functionally diverse antibodies to NTD, RBD, and S2 (2021) · cites this paper as Dagan et al., 2021
In the citing paper
“Since its rollout in late 2020 in Israel, the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) has been highly effective in preventing clinically significant coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).1-3”
From Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Variability in estimates of vaccine effectiveness between studies could result from differences in study design, testing protocols, and study populations”
In the citing paper
“BNT162b2, a messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine, has demonstrated a high efficacy rate with an acceptable safety profile. 1 2”
In the citing paper
“Likewise, clinical studies have reported somewhat reduced efficacy and effectiveness against the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.617.2 variants (10–12).”
From Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine–induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“In a mass vaccination study which included 3,159,136 participants from Israel, vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 as a two-dose scheme was 94%.397”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [397]
In the citing paper
“>90% efficacy in real-world conditions in USA132 and Israel126”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [126]
In the citing paper
“In a mass vaccination campaign involving 3,159,136 participants in Israel, two doses of BNT162b2 were 94% effective at preventing symptomatic COVID-19, 87% effective at preventing hospitalizations and 92% effective at preventing the onset of severe COVID-19 (ref.126).”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [126]
In the citing paper
“Although BNT162b2 is a two-dose regimen, early protection after a single dose has been reported in clinical trials and on the basis of real-world data.5,19,20”
From Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccine in adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Recent real-world data suggest that BNT162b2 prevents asymptomatic infection.19,27”
From Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccine in adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccines are highly effective against symptomatic disease and, more so, against severe disease and fatal outcomes caused by the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the alpha (B.1.1.7) variant that predominated in early 2021.”
From Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
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“To date, real-world effectiveness data are only available for BNT162b2 vaccine in nationwide mass vaccination setting in Israel.(11) It is also worth noting that the primary endpoint of the five confirmatory studies was inconsistent, despite the regulatory guidance from the FDA.”
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Lymphadenopathy after the Anti-COVID-19 Vaccine: Multiparametric Ultrasound Findings
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“5% and 75% at 14 or more days after the second dose [7].”
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“According to the data presented in the first published clinical study of the PfizerBioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine [78] and post-marketing data following large-scale administration in Israel [79,80], the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine demonstrated ~95% efficacy in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 disease.”
MethodYeo, K. T., Chia, W. N., Tan, C. W., Ong, C., Yeo, J. G., Zhang, J., Poh, S. L., Lim, A. J. M., Sim, K., Sutamam, N. B., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.783975 · Cited by 39
Yu, Y., Esposito, D., Kang, Z., Lü, J., Remaley, A. T., Giorgi, V. D., Chen, L. N., West, K. A., & Cao, L. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06629-2 · Cited by 40
Weight Status and Body Composition Dynamics in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Azoulay, E., Yackobovitch‐Gavan, M., Yaacov, H., Gilboa, I., Lopez, A., Sheppes, T., Waksman, Y., Lebenthal, Y., & Brener, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.707773 · Cited by 38
Pannus, P., Neven, K. Y., Craeye, S. D., Heyndríckx, L., Kerckhove, S. V., Georges, D., Míchiels, J., Francotte, A., den Bulcke, M. V., Zrein, M. A., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab998 · Cited by 40
County-Level Vaccination Coverage and Rates of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in the United States
McLaughlin, J. M., Khan, F. L., Pugh, S. J., Swerdlow, D. L., & Jódar, L. (2021) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100191 · Cited by 46
Kirtipal, N., Kumar, S., Dubey, S. K., Dwivedi, V. D., Babu, K. G., Malý, P., & Bharadwaj, S. (2022) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105254 · Cited by 44
Bieber, A., Sagy, I., Novack, L., Brikman, S., Abuhasira, R., Ayalon, S., Novofastovski, I., Abu‐Shakra, M., & Mader, R. (2022) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221824 · Cited by 37
Mwimanzi, F. M., Lapointe, H. R., Cheung, P. K., Sang, Y., Yaseen, F., Umviligihozo, G., Kalikawe, R., Datwani, S., Omondi, F. H., Burns, L., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac199 · Cited by 40
Double Negative Control Inference in Test-Negative Design Studies of Vaccine Effectiveness
Li, K. Q., Shi, X., Miao, W., & Tchetgen, E. T. (2023) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.2023.2220935 · Cited by 41
Beck, A. L., Huang, J. C., Lendzion, L., Fernández, A., & Martinez, S. M. (2021) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2021.05.015 · Cited by 37
Yassi, A., Grant, J., Lockhart, K., Barker, S. J., Sprague, S., Okpani, A. I., Wong, T., Daly, P., Henderson, W., Lubin, S., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254920 · Cited by 39
“Some studies showed higher rate 309 reduction in vaccinated HCWs than our study (28, 29); this is likely explained by lower infection 310 rates in our population: 1/10 of rates of HCW infected reported elsewhere (1.”
BackgroundResultSARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 immunization in healthcare workers
Vaishya, R., Sibal, A., Malani, A., & Prasad, K. H. (2021) · The Indian Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1485_21 · Cited by 38
Mason, T., Whitston, M., Hodgson, J., Watkinson, R., Lau, Y., Abdulrazeg, O., & Sutton, M. (2021) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02149-4 · Cited by 38
“Vaccine effectiveness estimates were consistent across age groups, though they were slightly lower amongst people with multiple coexisting health conditions [5].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialWells, C. R., Pandey, A., Fitzpatrick, M. C., Crystal, W., Singer, B. H., Moghadas, S. M., Galvani, A. P., & Townsend, J. P. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100304 · Cited by 38
Omame, A., Abbas, M., & Din, A. (2022) · Mathematics and Computers in Simulation · doi:10.1016/j.matcom.2022.08.012 · Cited by 38
Collatuzzo, G., Visci, G., Violante, F. S., Porru, S., Spiteri, G., Monaco, M. G. L., Fillon, F. L., Negro, C., Janke, C., Castelletti, N., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.986085 · Cited by 40
“Once vaccines were recommended at mass level against infection spreading (6), one of the main issues became to determine their effectiveness against COVID-19 infection.”
BackgroundMucosal immune response after the booster dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine
Azzi, L., Gasperina, D. D., Veronesi, G., Shallak, M., Maurino, V., Baj, A., Gianfagna, F., Cavallo, P., Dentali, F., Tettamanti, L., et al. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104435 · Cited by 40
Schmidt, P., Narayan, K. M., Li, Y., Kaku, C. I., Brown, M. E., Champney, E. R., Geoghegan, J. C., Vásquez, M., Krauland, E. M., Yockachonis, T. J., et al. (2023) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adg2783 · Cited by 35
COVID-19 in 2021—Continuing Uncertainty
del Rı́o, C., & Malani, P. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.3760 · Cited by 37
Bailly, B., Guilpain, L., Bouiller, K., Chirouze, C., N’Debi, M., Soulier, A., Démontant, V., Pawlotsky, J., Rodriguez, C., & Fourati, S. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab446 · Cited by 37
“4UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.5Genomics Platform, Hôpital Henri Mondor (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France; 6Virology Unit, Department of Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Infections, Hôpital Henri Mondor (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est, C…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBen‐Tov, A., Banon, T., Chodick, G., Kariv, R., Assa, A., & Gazit, S. (2021) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.076 · Cited by 37
Laronne, A., Granek, L., Wiener, L. S., Feder‐Bubis, P., & Golan, H. (2021) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/02692163211026171 · Cited by 41
Vicenti, I., Basso, M., Gatti, F., Scaggiante, R., Boccuto, A., Zago, D., Modolo, E., Dragoni, F., Parisi, S. G., & Zazzi, M. (2021) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.052 · Cited by 38
Angel-Korman, A., Peres, E., Bryk, G., Lustig, Y., Indenbaum, V., Amit, S., Rapoport, V., Katzir, Z., Yagil, Y., Iaina, N. L., et al. (2021) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfab206 · Cited by 39
COVID-19 Coagulopathy: From Pathogenesis to Treatment
Alnima, T., Mulder, M. M. G., van Bussel, B. C. T., & Cate, H. T. (2022) · Acta Haematologica · doi:10.1159/000522498 · Cited by 38
Piñana, J. L., López‐Corral, L., Martino, R., Vázquez, L., Pérez, A., Martin‐Martin, G., Gago, B., Sanz‐Linares, G., Sánchez‐Salinas, A., Villalón, L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-022-01275-7 · Cited by 37
Microneedle systems for delivering nucleic acid drugs
Noh, I., Lee, K., & Rhee, Y.-S. (2022) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40005-021-00558-4 · Cited by 40
Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines: A network meta‐analysis
Toubasi, A. A., Al-Sayegh, T., Obaid, Y. Y., Al‐Harasis, S. M., & AlRyalat, S. A. (2022) · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1111/jebm.12492 · Cited by 37
“placebo 10 (79,719) 9543/49,073 4897/30,646 1.”
Subbarao, S., Warrener, L., Höschler, K., Perry, K. R., Shute, J., Whitaker, H., O’Brien, M., Baawuah, F., Moss, P. A. H., Parry, H., et al. (2021) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.12.2100329 · Cited by 36
COVID-19 vaccine induced interstitial lung disease
Yoshifuji, A., Ishioka, K., Masuzawa, Y., Suda, S., Murata, S., Uwamino, Y., Fujino, M., Miyahara, H., Hasegawa, N., Ryuzaki, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2021.09.010 · Cited by 36
“Due to 95% efficacy rate [4] and ability to reduce disease severity and mortality [5], BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine are being used worldwide.”
BackgroundCutaneous reactions to COVID-19 vaccines: A review
Tan, S. W., Tam, Y. C., & Pang, S. M. (2022) · JAAD International · doi:10.1016/j.jdin.2022.01.011 · Cited by 36
“3,4,6,9,10, 36-56 36-56 The mechanism of these reactions is not fully understood.”
Parry, H., Tut, G., Bruton, R. K., Faustini, S. E., Stephens, C., Saunders, P., Bentley, C., Hilyard, K., Brown, K. E., Amirthalingam, G., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.69375 · Cited by 35
“It is likely that these findings underlie the excellent clinical protection that is emerging from vaccine trials in this population with 94 % protection from symptomatic infection in a real- world setting and 89 % efficacy in people over 80 years of age (Dagan et al., 2021; Bernal et al., 2021).”
BackgroundA COVID-19 vaccination model for Aotearoa New Zealand
Steyn, N., Plank, M. J., Binny, R. N., Hendy, S. C., Lustig, A. G., & Ridings, K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06707-5 · Cited by 35
Windsor, I. W., Tong, P., Lavidor, O., Moghaddam, A. S., McKay, L. G. A., Gautam, A. K., Chen, Y., MacDonald, E. A., Yoo, D. K., Griffths, A., et al. (2022) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abo3425 · Cited by 37
“Clinical trial of mRNA vaccine, with efficacy of 94-95% in preventing infection after two doses ( 50 , 51 ), confirmed in real-world settings ( 52 – 54 ).”
Favresse, J., Gillot, C., Bayart, J., David, C., Simon, G., Wauthier, L., Closset, M., Dogné, J., & Douxfils, J. (2022) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.28164 · Cited by 33
Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
van den Berg, J. M., Remmelzwaal, S., Blom, M. T., van Hoek, B. A. C. E., Swart, K. M. A., Overbeek, J. A., Burchell, G. L., Herings, R. M. C., & Elders, P. J. M. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11010024 · Cited by 39
“, 2021 [32] Israel Matched case-control study 1,193,236 131,541 (11) 45 50 BNT162b2 1 or 2 Infection Symptomatic illness Drawz et al.”
BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Lai, C., Ko, W., Chen, C., Chen, P.-Y., Huang, Y., Lee, P., & Hsueh, P. (2021) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2021.1949294 · Cited by 39
“In Israel, mass vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was effective in preventing documented infection, symptomatic COVID-19, severe hospitalization, and death from COVID-19 [26].”
BackgroundInactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit immunogenicity and T-cell responses in people living with HIV
Lv, Z., Li, Q., Feng, Z., Zheng, X., NaYin, Yang, H., Gu, Q., Ying, S., Qi, Y., Li, X., et al. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108383 · Cited by 35
Acute myocarditis caused by COVID-19 disease and following COVID-19 vaccination
Kornowski, R., & Witberg, G. (2022) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2021-001957 · Cited by 35
“Large, randomised controlled trials of COVID-19 vaccines were found safe and effective in preventing laboratory-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 24–26 ; even though, adverse effects have been reported.”
BackgroundCaldwell, J. M., de Lara-Tuprio, E. P., Teng, T. R. Y., Estuar, M. R. J. E., Sarmiento, R. F., Abayawardana, M., Leong, R. N. F., Gray, R. T., Wood, J., Le, L., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100211 · Cited by 43
“While there are now several highly efficacious vaccines to prevent severe disease 12 , 13 , and possibly infection 14 , 15 , from SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), widespread vaccination will take months to years 16 , 17 and will likely need to be coupled with effective non-pharmaceutical…”
Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG after BNT162b2 vaccination
Grupel, D., Gazit, S., Schreiber, L., Nadler, V., Wolf, T., Lazar, R., Supino‐Rosin, L., Perez, G., Peretz, A., Ben‐Tov, A., et al. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.025 · Cited by 34
VLP-Based COVID-19 Vaccines: An Adaptable Technology against the Threat of New Variants
Prates-Syed, W. A., Chaves, L. C. S., Crema, K. P., Vuitika, L., Lira, A. A. D. L., Côrtes, N., Kersten, V., Guimarães, F. E. G., Sadraeian, M., da Silva, F. L. B., et al. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9121409 · Cited by 36
da Silva, S. J. R., de Lima, S. C., da Silva, R. C., Kohl, A., & Pena, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.836826 · Cited by 35
“In Israel, its efficiency was 90% in preventing asymptomatic infection, suggesting a potential for halting virus spread (162).”
BackgroundEffectiveness estimates of three COVID-19 vaccines based on observational data from Puerto Rico
Robles-Fontán, M. M., Nieves, E. G., Cardona-Gerena, I., & Irizarry, R. A. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100212 · Cited by 35
Knabl, L., Lee, H., Wieser, M., Mur, A., Zabernigg, A. F., Knabl, L., Rauch, S., Böck, M., Schumacher, J., Kaiser, N., et al. (2022) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-022-00083-x · Cited by 35
Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomes following COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy
Peretz-Machluf, R., Hirsh‐Yechezkel, G., Zaslavsky‐Paltiel, I., Farhi, A., Avisar, N., Lerner‐Geva, L., Meyer, R., Tsur, A., & Yinon, Y. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11092540 · Cited by 36
“Since approved by the Food and Drug Administration [5], the mRNA‐based vaccines were found safe and highly effective for preventing symptomatic COVID‐19 disease in the general population aged 16 and older [6,7].”
BackgroundKayano, T., Sasanami, M., Kobayashi, T., Ko, Y. K., Otani, K., Suzuki, M., & Nishiura, H. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100571 · Cited by 37
“5,17 Similar studies from the United Kingdom and the United States during the period when the Alpha variant was dominant in those countries have shown the high effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, particularly BNT162b2, which was estimated to be at least 80%.”
Modeling and numerical analysis of a fractional order model for dual variants of SARS-CoV-2
Liu, P., Huang, X., Zarin, R., Cui, T., & Din, A. (2022) · Alexandria Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.aej.2022.10.025 · Cited by 35
“These control strategies comprise the vaccines but are not restricted to, the mRNA-1273 Moderna vaccine, the J & J vaccine, the BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, and several more [4,5].”
BackgroundShrotri, M., Fragaszy, E., Geismar, C., Nguyen, V. G., Beale, S., Braithwaite, I., Byrne, T., Fong, W. L. E., Kovar, J., Navaratnam, A. M. D., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.12.21257102 · Cited by 35
“…with efficacy in older age groups is lacking, available data do suggest lower VE against infection in older populations 11,41 ; however VE against clinical outcomes appears similar across age groups 9,42 , which may be because the baseline risk of these outcomes is much higher in older people.”
BackgroundGuillain–Barré syndrome and COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Censi, S. T., Bisaccia, G., Gallina, S., Tomassini, V., & Uncini, A. (2024) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-024-12186-7 · Cited by 34
“…Vaxzevria and the mRNA vaccine Comirnaty, have been approved for use in many countries since December 2020 and have been shown to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infections, viral transmission, patient hospitalizations and deaths in randomized controlled trials and real-world effectiveness studies [10–12].”
Effectiveness of the 2023–2024 Formulation of the COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccine
Shrestha, N. K. M., Burke, P. C., Nowacki, A. S., & Gordon, S. M. (2024) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciae132 · Cited by 33
Vollmann, M., & Salewski, C. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9090941 · Cited by 33
Metadata
- Authors
- Dagan, N., Barda, N., Kepten, E., Miron, O., Perchik, S., Katz, M. A., Hernán, M. A., Lipsitch, M., Reis, B., & Balicer, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- From the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv (N.D., N.B., E.K., O.M., S.P., M.A.K., R.D.B.), and the School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva (O.M., M.A.K., R.D.B.) — both in Israel; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (M.A.K.); and the Department of Biomedical Informatics (N.D., N.B.), Harvard Medical School (B.R.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.A.H.), and the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Departments of Epidemiology and of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (M.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (M.A.H.), and the Predictive Medicine Group, Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital (B.R.) — all in Boston.
- Corresponding author
- Balicer, Ran D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-04-15
- Volume
- 384
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1412-1423
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC7944975
- OpenAlex
- W3131688063
- Cited by
- 2,527
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 114 · 2024: 202 · 2023: 367 · 2022: 831 · 2021: 926
- FWCI
- 184.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Morris–Singer Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention, symptomatic COVID-19, COVID-19 hospitalization, severe COVID-19, COVID-19 mortality, mass vaccination campaigns, real-world effectiveness, comorbidities, Israel
- MeSH terms
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, BNT162 Vaccine, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Israel, Male, Middle Aged, Incidence, Treatment Outcome, Mass Vaccination, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Young Adult
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