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BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: As mass vaccination campaigns against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) commence worldwide, vaccine effectiveness needs to be assessed for a range of outcomes across diverse populations in a noncontrolled setting. In this study, data from Israel's largest health care organization were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. METHODS: All persons who were newly vaccinated during the period from December 20, 2020, to February 1, 2021, were matched to unvaccinated controls in a 1:1 ratio according to demographic and clinical characteristics. Study outcomes included documented infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), symptomatic Covid-19, Covid-19-related hospitalization, severe illness, and death. We estimated vaccine effectiveness for each outcome as one minus the risk ratio, using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. RESULTS: Each study group included 596,618 persons. Estimated vaccine effectiveness for the study outcomes at days 14 through 20 after the first dose and at 7 or more days after the second dose was as follows: for documented infection, 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40 to 51) and 92% (95% CI, 88 to 95); for symptomatic Covid-19, 57% (95% CI, 50 to 63) and 94% (95% CI, 87 to 98); for hospitalization, 74% (95% CI, 56 to 86) and 87% (95% CI, 55 to 100); and for severe disease, 62% (95% CI, 39 to 80) and 92% (95% CI, 75 to 100), respectively. Estimated effectiveness in preventing death from Covid-19 was 72% (95% CI, 19 to 100) for days 14 through 20 after the first dose. Estimated effectiveness in specific subpopulations assessed for documented infection and symptomatic Covid-19 was consistent across age groups, with potentially slightly lower effectiveness in persons with multiple coexisting conditions. CONCLUSIONS: This study in a nationwide mass vaccination setting suggests that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective for a wide range of Covid-19-related outcomes, a finding consistent with that of the randomized trial.
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“The 7-day cutoff was chosen based on previous research the BNT162b2 vaccine effectivenesss1,11.”
From Waning effectiveness of the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Observational postmarketing studies, including this analysis, have consistently demonstrated a strong association between vaccination and risk reductions in COVID-19 hospitalization in immunocompetent individuals, suggesting that the high efficacy observed in mRNA clinical trials translates into beneficial effects in the community setting.2,3,10”
From Association Between mRNA Vaccination and COVID-19 Hospitalization and Disease Severity (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“It should be noted that high effectiveness (>80%) against severe disease and hospitalization has been reported for both BNT162b2 (refs93,94) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (ref.95).”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“Some early post-implementation analyses have suggested that the mRNA vaccines also reduce the incidence of asymptomatic infection and the nasopharyngeal viral load in individuals who become infected despite the vaccination93,107, but it is yet unclear how this translates to risk of transmission.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“Current epidemiological evidence is that the BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine retains its efficacy against B.1.1.7 in the UK24 and in reports from Israel.28,29”
From Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in infected or vaccinated individuals (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“A randomized, controlled trial and real-world studies have shown vaccine efficacy of 94 to 95% with the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) and vaccine effectiveness in preventing symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) 7 days or more after receipt of the second dose of vaccine.1,3-5”
From Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“it is substantial and occurs during a time when neutralizing antibody titers are either very low or absent (Baden et al., 2020; Dagan et al., 2021; Polack et al., 2020).”
From SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces functionally diverse antibodies to NTD, RBD, and S2 (2021) · cites this paper as Dagan et al., 2021
In the citing paper
“Since its rollout in late 2020 in Israel, the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) has been highly effective in preventing clinically significant coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).1-3”
From Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Variability in estimates of vaccine effectiveness between studies could result from differences in study design, testing protocols, and study populations”
In the citing paper
“BNT162b2, a messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine, has demonstrated a high efficacy rate with an acceptable safety profile. 1 2”
In the citing paper
“Likewise, clinical studies have reported somewhat reduced efficacy and effectiveness against the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.617.2 variants (10–12).”
From Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine–induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“In a mass vaccination study which included 3,159,136 participants from Israel, vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 as a two-dose scheme was 94%.397”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [397]
In the citing paper
“>90% efficacy in real-world conditions in USA132 and Israel126”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [126]
In the citing paper
“In a mass vaccination campaign involving 3,159,136 participants in Israel, two doses of BNT162b2 were 94% effective at preventing symptomatic COVID-19, 87% effective at preventing hospitalizations and 92% effective at preventing the onset of severe COVID-19 (ref.126).”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [126]
In the citing paper
“Although BNT162b2 is a two-dose regimen, early protection after a single dose has been reported in clinical trials and on the basis of real-world data.5,19,20”
From Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccine in adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Recent real-world data suggest that BNT162b2 prevents asymptomatic infection.19,27”
From Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccine in adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccines are highly effective against symptomatic disease and, more so, against severe disease and fatal outcomes caused by the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the alpha (B.1.1.7) variant that predominated in early 2021.”
From Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
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COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness rates by week and sources of bias: a retrospective cohort study
Ostropolets, A., & Hripcsak, G. M. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061126 · Cited by 18
Lee, V. H.-F., Adham, M., Kridis, W. B., Bossi, P., Chen, M., Chitapanarux, I., Grégoire, V., Hao, S. P., Ho, C., Ho, G. F., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00505-8 · Cited by 21
Geerling, E., Hameed, M., Weger‐Lucarelli, J., & Pinto, A. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015563 · Cited by 20
Tu, W., Zhang, P., Roberts, A., Allen, K. S., Williams, J. L., Embí, P. J., & Grannis, S. J. (2022) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2022.307112 · Cited by 20
Adenoviral-vectored next-generation respiratory mucosal vaccines against COVID-19
Afkhami, S., Kang, A., Jeyanathan, V., Xing, Z., & Jeyanathan, M. (2023) · Current Opinion in Virology · doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101334 · Cited by 21
The impact of internet health information seeking on COVID-19 vaccination behavior in China
Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Guan, H., Hao, R., & Liu, W. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-17638-3 · Cited by 24
Kaim, A., Siman‐Tov, M., Jaffe, E., & Adini, B. B. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126503 · Cited by 19
Brockman, M. A., Mwimanzi, F. M., Sang, Y., Ng, K., Agafitei, O., Ennis, S., Lapointe, H. R., Young, L., Umviligihozo, G., Burns, L., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.03.17.21253773 · Cited by 19
“…vaccines offers new hope to end this pandemic 4,5 , the magnitude and durability of vaccine-induced immunity remains unclear, particularly among adults over the age of 80 years who were under-represented in clinical trials 6,7 and recent "real world" assessments of vaccine effectiveness 8-10 .”
Meshram, H. S., Kute, V. B., Shah, N., Chauhan, S., Navadiya, V. V., Patel, A. H., Patel, H. V., Engineer, D., Banerjee, S., Rizvi, J., et al. (2021) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000003835 · Cited by 20
“The efficacy of these vaccines has been reported lesser compared with the mRNA vaccines in general population.(1,2) Preliminary reports with mRNA vaccine in organ transplant patients have shown that around 75% of transplant patients have a suboptimal response to mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.”
ResultLow, J. G., de Alwis, R., Chen, S., Kalimuddin, S., Leong, Y. S., Mah, T. K. L., Yuen, N., Tan, H. C., Zhang, S. L., Sim, J. X. Y., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.07.01.21259831 · Cited by 19
Gabet, A., Bertrand, M., Jabagi, M.-J., Kolla, E., Olié, V., & Zureik, M. (2025) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000006121 · Cited by 19
Brüssow, H. (2021) · Microbial Biotechnology · doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13818 · Cited by 18
“interpreted with caution since viral testing was not done on a regular basis (Dagan et al., 2021).”
BackgroundResultLim, C., Mo, Y., Teparrukkul, P., Hongsuwan, M., Day, N., Limmathurotsakul, D., & Cooper, B. S. (2021) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwab158 · Cited by 20
Kontou, E., Ranellou, K., Zoulas, D., Bletsa, A., Rompola, E., Piperaki, E., Athanasiou, N., Ampelakiotou, K., Pratikaki, M. E., Stergiopoulou, C., et al. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11060576 · Cited by 19
“Data on immune responses to the disease and the vaccine in populations worldwide are becoming increasingly available [1,2].”
BackgroundEfrati, S., Catalogna, M., Hamad, R. A., Hadanny, A., Bar‐Chaim, A., Benveniste‐Levkovitz, P., & Levtzion‐Korach, O. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96129-6 · Cited by 19
Reinfections in COVID-19 Patients: Impact of Virus Genetic Variability and Host Immunity
Fakhroo, A. D., Al-Khatib, H. A., Thani, A. A. A., & Yassine, H. M. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9101168 · Cited by 21
“Similarly, several cases of COVID-19 have been reported in individuals who received one or two doses of the mRNA vaccine [45,46].”
BackgroundCOVID‐19 vaccination and mental health in hospital workers
Sugihara, G., Hirai, N., Takei, N., & Takahashi, H. (2021) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2382 · Cited by 19
Adverse reactions and safety profile of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines among Asian military personnel
Singapore Armed Forces, S., Tan, J. T., Tan, C. M., Singapore Armed Forces, S., Teoh, J. Y., Singapore Armed Forces, S., Wahab, M. T., Singapore Armed Forces, S., Tan, G. Z., Singapore Armed Forces, S., et al. (2021) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021345 · Cited by 19
Clemens, J. D., Aziz, A. B., Tadesse, B. T., Kang, S. S. Y., Marks, F., & Kim, J. H. (2021) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101253 · Cited by 17
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and the Bridge between First and Fourth Dose: Where Are We?
Stasi, C., Meoni, B., Voller, F., & Silvestri, C. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10030444 · Cited by 20
“This was based on the real-world efficacy results of COVID-19 vaccines demonstrating high protection, after a single dose, against SARS-CoV2 infection, COVID-19, hospitalization, and deaths in the UK elderly population [22], and this was confirmed in the population of Israel achieving mass vaccination [23].”
MethodWaning Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Vaccine Against Infection in Adolescents in Israel
Prunas, O., Weinberger, D. M., Pitzer, V. E., Gazit, S., & Patalon, T. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac315 · Cited by 22
Effectiveness of SARS‐CoV ‐2 vaccines on hemodialysis patients in Japan: A nationwide cohort study
Kikuchi, K., Nangaku, M., Ryuzaki, M., Yamakawa, T., Yoshihiro, O., Hanafusa, N., Sakai, K., Kanno, Y., Ando, R., Shinoda, T., et al. (2022) · Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis · doi:10.1111/1744-9987.13887 · Cited by 19
“The effectiveness of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the general population has been reported [6, 7]; in dialysis patients, antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain spike protein after vaccination are reported to be positive at a rate similar to that of the general population, but the titers are low [8…”
BackgroundBarriers to COVID-19 vaccination among older adults in Mexico City
Gaitán‐Rossi, P., Mendez-Rosenzweig, M., García-Albertos, E., & Vilar‐Compte, M. (2022) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-022-01685-6 · Cited by 19
Sobczak, M., & Pawliczak, R. (2022) · Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials · doi:10.1186/s12941-022-00525-3 · Cited by 19
“2 mln participants (596,618 vaccinated and 596,618 unvaccinated participants) showed that the vaccine efficiency against symptomatic infections reached 94%, whereas against severe COVID-19 was 92% after at least 7 days following full vaccination [34].”
BackgroundOtto, M., Burrell, A. J. C., Neto, A. S., Alliegro, P. V., Trapani, T. V., Cheng, A., Udy, A. A., & the SPRINT‐SARI Australia Investigators (2022) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.15884 · Cited by 23
Kantauskaitė, M., Müller, L., Hillebrandt, J., Lamberti, J., Fischer, S., Kolb, T., Ivens, K., Koch, M., Andrée, M., Lübke, N., et al. (2022) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.14790 · Cited by 18
Al-Momani, H., Al-dajah, K., Alda'ajah, E., ALjafar, Y., & Abushawer, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1008521 · Cited by 20
Assessment of COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers in Iraq; adverse effects and hesitancy
Darweesh, O., Khatab, N., Kheder, R. K., Mohammed, T., Faraj, T. A., Ali, S., Ameen, M., Kamal-Aldin, A., Alswes, M., & Al-Jomah, N. A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274526 · Cited by 19
Sialubanje, C., Nawa, M., Ng'andu, M., Sumani, E. M., Nkonkomalimba, M., Lyatumba, D. E., Mwale, A., Mpiana, F., Zulu, J. M., Mweempwa, B., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058028 · Cited by 22
Humoral immunity and B-cell memory in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination
Fryer, H. A., Hartley, G. E., Edwards, E. S. J., O’Hehir, R. E., & van Zelm, M. C. (2022) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20220415 · Cited by 16
Roat, C., Webber‐Ritchey, K. J., Spurlark, R. S., & Lee, Y. (2022) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-022-01437-w · Cited by 19
“In early 2021, COVID-19 vaccines were developed, and studies report that vaccination is highly effective in reducing COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and even deaths [3, 4].”
BackgroundDalton, A. F., Weber, Z. A., Allen, K. S., Stenehjem, E. A., Irving, S. A., Spark, T. L., Adams, K., Zerbo, O., Lazariu, V., Dixon, B. E., et al. (2023) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciad003 · Cited by 19
Bibliometric Analysis of Global Scientific Production on COVID-19 and Vaccines
Neto, A. R. D. S., de Carvalho, A. R. B., da Silva, M. D. F., Neta, M. M. R., Sena, I. V. D. O., Almeida, R. N., Filha, F. S. S. C., Silva, L. L. L. E., da Costa, G. R., Lira, I. M. D. S., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20064796 · Cited by 20
Natural and vaccine-induced immunity are equivalent for the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Franchi, M., Pellegrini, G., Cereda, D., Bortolan, F., Leoni, O., Pavesi, G., Galli, M., Valenti, G., & Corrao, G. (2023) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.018 · Cited by 21
“For each cohort member exposed to natural infection, a citizen belonging to the target population was randomly selected to be 1:1 matched based on age and sex, provided that he/she received the second-dose mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna) 14 days prior to the index date (under the assumption that immunity is…”
Development of virus-like particles with inbuilt immunostimulatory properties as vaccine candidates
Collett, S., Earnest, L., Montoya, J. C., Edeling, M. A., Yap, A. H. Y., Wong, C. Y., Christiansen, D., Roberts, J., Mumford, J., Lecouturier, V., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1065609 · Cited by 19
Rosman, T., Adler, K., Barbian, L., Blume, V., Burczeck, B., Cordes, V., Derman, D., Dertli, S., Glas, H., Heinen, V., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.683987 · Cited by 20
Levi, A., & Barnett‐Itzhaki, Z. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111673 · Cited by 19
“%) is established only at least seven days after the second dose, while a partial protection of 46–57% is established 14–20 days following the first dose (Dagan et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMethodPrevalence of mental illness among COVID-19 survivors in South Korea: nationwide cohort
Park, H. Y., Song, I., Lee, S. H., Sim, M. Y., Oh, H. S., Song, K., Yu, E., Park, H. Y., & Oh, T. K. (2021) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2021.1001 · Cited by 19
Kazama, I., & Senzaki, M. (2021) · Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics · doi:10.5582/ddt.2021.01094 · Cited by 20
“In the absence of drugs or other therapeutics for treating COVID-19, vaccines against the virus are currently the most critical tool to help stop the pandemic (2).”
BackgroundGesser‐Edelsburg, A., & Keywan, H. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.855468 · Cited by 19
Ghosh, D., Dastidar, D. G., Roy, K., Ghosh, A., Mukhopadhyay, D., Sikdar, N., Biswas, N. K., Chakrabarti, G., & Das, A. K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-09845-y · Cited by 20
Stopping the misinformation: BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine has no negative effect on women’s fertilityPreprint
Safrai, M., Rottenstreich, A., Herzberg, S., Imbar, T., Reubinoff, B. E., & Ben‐Meir, A. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.30.21258079 · Cited by 19
Cable News and COVID-19 Vaccine CompliancePreprint
Pinna, M., Picard, L., & Goessmann, C. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3890340 · Cited by 19
“Since their introduction in late 2020, COVID-19 vaccines have bolstered the fight against the disease, substantially reducing the likelihood of infection and especially severe cases (Amit et al., 2021; Dagan et al., 2021; Polack et al., 2020; Voysey et al., 2021).”
Alam, M. M., Mahmud, S., Aggarwal, S., Fathma, S., Mahi, N. A., Shibli, M. S., Haque, S. M., Mahmud, S., & Ahmed, Z. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.14933 · Cited by 18
“A more reasonable approach is to prevent severe COVID-19 disease in outpatient management, either by active immunization through vaccination [22-23] or by viral neutralization in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease, especially in high-risk individuals.”
BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in transplant recipients
Eberhardt, C. S., Balletto, E., Cornberg, M., & Mikulska, M. (2021) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000739 · Cited by 18
Muhsen, K., Maimon, N., Mizrahi, A., Bodenheimer, O., Cohen, D., Maimon, M. S., Grotto, I., & Dagan, R. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab918 · Cited by 23
“Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine • CID 2021:XX (XX XX) • 7 in a “well controlled” setting, by assessing comparable groups in terms of utilization of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR screening tests and follow-up calendar, during a mass deployment of COVID-19 immunization and substantial changes in the disease incidence in Israel [4…”
InfluentialNewly diagnosed IgA nephropathy with gross haematuria following COVID-19 vaccination
Horino, T., Sawamura, D., Inotani, S., Ishihara, M., Komori, M., & Ichii, O. (2021) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcab305 · Cited by 18
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Arellano-Llamas, A. A., Vela‐Ojeda, J., & Hernández-Caballero, Á. (2022) · Current Oncology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11912-022-01198-z · Cited by 18
Meggiolaro, A., Schepisi, M. S., Nikolaidis, G., Mipatrini, D., Siddu, A., & Rezza, G. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10020157 · Cited by 19
Ong, S. W. X., Ren, D., Lee, P. H., Sutjipto, S., Dugan, C., Khoo, B. Y., Tay, J. X., Vasoo, S. S., Young, B. E., & Lye, D. C. (2022) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics11030345 · Cited by 17
“While vaccination is highly protective against severe disease [1], there are many who remain unvaccinated and susceptible.”
BackgroundRonchini, C., Gandini, S., Pasqualato, S., Mazzarella, L., Facciotti, F., Mapelli, M., IEO Covid Team, Frigè, G., Passerini, R., Pase, L., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263014 · Cited by 19
“0001; Table 2), confirming the effectiveness of vaccination [4-9].”
BackgroundComparative COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Over Time in Veterans
Mayr, F., Talisa, V. B., Shaikh, O. S., Omer, S. B., Butt, A. A., & Yende, S. P. (2022) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac311 · Cited by 16
Wang, Y., Luangasanatip, N., Ngum, W. P., Isaranuwatchai, W., Prawjaeng, J., Saralamba, S., Painter, C., Briones, J. R., & Teerawattananon, Y. (2022) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-022-01505-2 · Cited by 21
“However, observational studies conducted in Israel [29], England [30], and the United States [31] demonstrated relatively high vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 or Alpha variant transmission (approximately 50–70”
BackgroundInfluentialTeglgaard, R. S., MacPherson, C. R., Zucco, A. G., Agius, R., Faitová, T., Andersen, M. A., da Cunha‐Bang, C., Gjærde, L. K., Møller, M. E. E., Brooks, P. T., et al. (2022) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-022-00178-5 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Dagan, N., Barda, N., Kepten, E., Miron, O., Perchik, S., Katz, M. A., Hernán, M. A., Lipsitch, M., Reis, B., & Balicer, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- From the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv (N.D., N.B., E.K., O.M., S.P., M.A.K., R.D.B.), and the School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva (O.M., M.A.K., R.D.B.) — both in Israel; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (M.A.K.); and the Department of Biomedical Informatics (N.D., N.B.), Harvard Medical School (B.R.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.A.H.), and the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Departments of Epidemiology and of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (M.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (M.A.H.), and the Predictive Medicine Group, Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital (B.R.) — all in Boston.
- Corresponding author
- Balicer, Ran D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-04-15
- Volume
- 384
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1412-1423
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC7944975
- OpenAlex
- W3131688063
- Cited by
- 2,527
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 114 · 2024: 202 · 2023: 367 · 2022: 831 · 2021: 926
- FWCI
- 184.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Morris–Singer Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention, symptomatic COVID-19, COVID-19 hospitalization, severe COVID-19, COVID-19 mortality, mass vaccination campaigns, real-world effectiveness, comorbidities, Israel
- MeSH terms
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, BNT162 Vaccine, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Israel, Male, Middle Aged, Incidence, Treatment Outcome, Mass Vaccination, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Young Adult
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