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BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: As mass vaccination campaigns against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) commence worldwide, vaccine effectiveness needs to be assessed for a range of outcomes across diverse populations in a noncontrolled setting. In this study, data from Israel's largest health care organization were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. METHODS: All persons who were newly vaccinated during the period from December 20, 2020, to February 1, 2021, were matched to unvaccinated controls in a 1:1 ratio according to demographic and clinical characteristics. Study outcomes included documented infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), symptomatic Covid-19, Covid-19-related hospitalization, severe illness, and death. We estimated vaccine effectiveness for each outcome as one minus the risk ratio, using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. RESULTS: Each study group included 596,618 persons. Estimated vaccine effectiveness for the study outcomes at days 14 through 20 after the first dose and at 7 or more days after the second dose was as follows: for documented infection, 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40 to 51) and 92% (95% CI, 88 to 95); for symptomatic Covid-19, 57% (95% CI, 50 to 63) and 94% (95% CI, 87 to 98); for hospitalization, 74% (95% CI, 56 to 86) and 87% (95% CI, 55 to 100); and for severe disease, 62% (95% CI, 39 to 80) and 92% (95% CI, 75 to 100), respectively. Estimated effectiveness in preventing death from Covid-19 was 72% (95% CI, 19 to 100) for days 14 through 20 after the first dose. Estimated effectiveness in specific subpopulations assessed for documented infection and symptomatic Covid-19 was consistent across age groups, with potentially slightly lower effectiveness in persons with multiple coexisting conditions. CONCLUSIONS: This study in a nationwide mass vaccination setting suggests that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective for a wide range of Covid-19-related outcomes, a finding consistent with that of the randomized trial.
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“The 7-day cutoff was chosen based on previous research the BNT162b2 vaccine effectivenesss1,11.”
From Waning effectiveness of the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Observational postmarketing studies, including this analysis, have consistently demonstrated a strong association between vaccination and risk reductions in COVID-19 hospitalization in immunocompetent individuals, suggesting that the high efficacy observed in mRNA clinical trials translates into beneficial effects in the community setting.2,3,10”
From Association Between mRNA Vaccination and COVID-19 Hospitalization and Disease Severity (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“It should be noted that high effectiveness (>80%) against severe disease and hospitalization has been reported for both BNT162b2 (refs93,94) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (ref.95).”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“Some early post-implementation analyses have suggested that the mRNA vaccines also reduce the incidence of asymptomatic infection and the nasopharyngeal viral load in individuals who become infected despite the vaccination93,107, but it is yet unclear how this translates to risk of transmission.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“Current epidemiological evidence is that the BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine retains its efficacy against B.1.1.7 in the UK24 and in reports from Israel.28,29”
From Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in infected or vaccinated individuals (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“A randomized, controlled trial and real-world studies have shown vaccine efficacy of 94 to 95% with the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) and vaccine effectiveness in preventing symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) 7 days or more after receipt of the second dose of vaccine.1,3-5”
From Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“it is substantial and occurs during a time when neutralizing antibody titers are either very low or absent (Baden et al., 2020; Dagan et al., 2021; Polack et al., 2020).”
From SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces functionally diverse antibodies to NTD, RBD, and S2 (2021) · cites this paper as Dagan et al., 2021
In the citing paper
“Since its rollout in late 2020 in Israel, the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) has been highly effective in preventing clinically significant coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).1-3”
From Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Variability in estimates of vaccine effectiveness between studies could result from differences in study design, testing protocols, and study populations”
In the citing paper
“BNT162b2, a messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine, has demonstrated a high efficacy rate with an acceptable safety profile. 1 2”
In the citing paper
“Likewise, clinical studies have reported somewhat reduced efficacy and effectiveness against the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.617.2 variants (10–12).”
From Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine–induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“In a mass vaccination study which included 3,159,136 participants from Israel, vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 as a two-dose scheme was 94%.397”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [397]
In the citing paper
“>90% efficacy in real-world conditions in USA132 and Israel126”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [126]
In the citing paper
“In a mass vaccination campaign involving 3,159,136 participants in Israel, two doses of BNT162b2 were 94% effective at preventing symptomatic COVID-19, 87% effective at preventing hospitalizations and 92% effective at preventing the onset of severe COVID-19 (ref.126).”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [126]
In the citing paper
“Although BNT162b2 is a two-dose regimen, early protection after a single dose has been reported in clinical trials and on the basis of real-world data.5,19,20”
From Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccine in adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Recent real-world data suggest that BNT162b2 prevents asymptomatic infection.19,27”
From Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccine in adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccines are highly effective against symptomatic disease and, more so, against severe disease and fatal outcomes caused by the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the alpha (B.1.1.7) variant that predominated in early 2021.”
From Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
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“In the early months after vaccination and before the delta era, randomized controlled trials and large-scale observational studies demonstrated high degrees of direct protection from vaccines using a variety of platforms, particularly against symptomatic and severe disease.(120,121) Similarly, infection-acquired immun…”
Smith, A. P., Williams, E. P., Plunkett, T. R., Selvaraj, M., Lane, L. C., Zalduondo, L., Xue, Y., Vogel, P., Channappanavar, R., Jonsson, C. B., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.894534 · Cited by 28
Morales-Zamora, G., Espinosa, O., Puertas, E., Fernández, J. C., Hernández, J., Zakzuk, V., Cepeda, M., Alvis‐Guzmán, N., Castañeda-Orjuela, C. A., & Paternina-Caicedo, Á. J. (2022) · Value in Health Regional Issues · doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2022.04.004 · Cited by 24
Kissling, E., Hooiveld, M., Martínez‐Baz, I., Mazagatos, C., William, N., Vilcu, A., Kooijman, M. N., Ilić, M., Domegan, L. M., Machado, A., et al. (2022) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.21.2101104 · Cited by 25
“Other studies did not observe differences in VE against infection among those with and without presence of chronic conditions [26,27].”
Paternina-Caicedo, Á. J., Jit, M., Alvis‐Guzmán, N., Fernández, J. C., Hernández, J., Paz-Wilches, J., Rojas-Suárez, J. A., Castell, C. R. D., Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J., Smith, A. D., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100296 · Cited by 25
Wendel‐Garcia, P. D., Moser, A., Jeitziner, M., Aguirre-Bermeo, H., Sánchez, P. P. A., Apolo, J., Roche‐Campo, F., Franch-Llasat, D., Kleger, G., Schrag, C., et al. (2022) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-022-04065-2 · Cited by 25
“The decrease in age of patients admitted to the ICU is probably a direct effect of the vaccination campaigns in the early 2021, which initially targeted mainly the elderly population [19].”
BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccine decisions: considering the choices and opportunities
Hotez, P. J., Nuzhath, T., Callaghan, T., & Colwell, B. (2021) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104811 · Cited by 25
Gazit, S., Mizrahi, B., Kalkstein, N., Neuberger, A., Peretz, A., Mizrahi-Reuveni, M., Ben-Tov, A., & Patalon, T. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab973 · Cited by 24
Agur, T., Steinmetz, T., Goldman, S. N., Zingerman, B. V., Bielopolski, D., Nesher, E., Fattal, I., Meisel, E., & Rozen‐Zvi, B. (2025) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-025-02643-6 · Cited by 27
“A detailed description of the datasets used in this study is available in previous publication [10].”
Gene therapy avenues and COVID-19 vaccines
Abed, O. S. A. (2021) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/s41435-021-00136-6 · Cited by 23
“The effectiveness of the vaccine in specific subpopulation in protecting the community from being infected or suffering from symptomatic disease was consistent across age groups [21].”
Vaccines against COVID-19: Priority to mRNA-Based Formulations
Pascolo, S. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10102716 · Cited by 23
“Thus, the approved mRNA vaccines are highly efficacious, not only in preventing the disease, but also transmission [53].”
BackgroundNeto, L. T., Monteiro, M. L. G., Galvan, D., & Conte‐Júnior, C. A. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph14111138 · Cited by 23
“Thus, numerous public health measures are still needed to contain virus transmission [5], mainly by new mutations and expected variants [6], despite the large vaccination campaigns already started in several countries [7].”
BackgroundPearson, S., Pratt, N. L., Costa, J. D. O., Zoëga, H., Laba, T., Etherton‐Beer, C., Sanfilippo, F. M., Morgan, A., Ellett, L. M. K., Bruno, C., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413345 · Cited by 23
Abuhasira, R., Ayalon‐Dangur, I., Zaslavsky, N., Koren, R., Keller, M., Dicker, D., & Grossman, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.794382 · Cited by 23
“Due to the control of the COVID-19 outbreak in Israel (27, 28), no patients were enrolled after April 4, 2021, and the trial was terminated prematurely on May 4, 2021.”
BackgroundAn overview of the ongoing challenges in SARS-CoV-2 global control
Shehata, A. A., Parvin, R., Nagy, A., Wang, Y., Azhar, T. M., Attia, Y. A., Azhar, E. I., Paul, A. K., & Rahmatullah, M. (2021) · German Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.51585/gjm.2021.2.0006 · Cited by 24
Chin, E. T., Leidner, D., Zhang, Y., Long, E., Prince, L., Schrag, S. J., Verani, J. R., Wiegand, R. E., Alarid‐Escudero, F., Goldhaber‐Fiebert, J. D., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab1032 · Cited by 24
“Augmenting efficacy evidence from clinical trials [1, 2], observational studies among healthcare workers [3, 4], adults aged ≥65 years [5], and the general community [6, 7] have reported levels of protection from full vaccination ranging from 89% to 95%.”
InfluentialSpeierer, A., Chocano-Bedoya, P. O., Anker, D., Schmid, A., Keidel, D., Vermes, T., Imboden, M., Levati, S., Franscella, G., Corna, L., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2022.1604506 · Cited by 23
“Recent examples are the individuallevel and population-based impacts of vaccinations [1, 2] or clinical and social implications of long COVID [3, 4].”
BackgroundKaura, A., Trickey, A., Shah, A., Benedetto, U., Glampson, B., Mulla, A., Mercuri, L., Gautama, S., Costelloe, C., Goodman, I., et al. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101344 · Cited by 21
Ankylosing Spondylitis and the Risk of Hip Fractures: a Matched Cohort Study
Tsur, A. M., David, P., Watad, ., Nissan, D., Cohen, A. D., & Amital, H. (2022) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-021-07241-2 · Cited by 23
“The Clalit Health Services chronic disease registry contains data from pharmaceutical, medical, and administrative databases for both outpatients and inpatients, as described in previous studies.(20,21)”
MethodMaeda, H., Saito, N., Igarashi, A., Ishida, M., Suami, K., Yagiuchi, A., Kimura, Y., Komino, M., Arai, H., Morikawa, T., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac292 · Cited by 23
“Clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines found high vaccine efficacy [1-3], and observational studies evaluated vaccine effectiveness in several countries [4-6].”
Agent-based simulations for protecting nursing homes with prevention and vaccination strategies
Lasser, J., Zuber, J. A., Sorger, J., Dervić, E., Ledebur, K., Lindner, S. D., Klager, E., Kletečka-Pulker, M., Willschke, H., Stangl, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2021.0608 · Cited by 22
“Vaccinations reduce the susceptibility by 60% (Amit et al., 2021; Dagan et al., 2021; Hall et al., 2021; Jones et al., 2021), and the transmissibility by 30% (Harris et al.”
BackgroundStefan, N., Sippel, K., Heni, M., Fritsche, A., Wagner, R. J., Jakob, C. E. M., Preissl, H. T., von Werder, A., Khodamoradi, Y., Borgmann, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.875430 · Cited by 25
COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women in Sweden and Norway
Örtqvist, A. K., Dahlqwist, E., Magnus, M. C., Ljung, R., Jonsson, J., Aronsson, B., Pasternak, B., Håberg, S. E., & Stephansson, O. (2022) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.083 · Cited by 23
“Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are highly effective at preventing severe COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and mortality, both in the general population [3,4] and in pregnant women [5].”
BackgroundComparison of the Immune Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines in Bangladeshi Population
Sarker, P., Akhtar, E., Kuddusi, R. U., Alam, M. M., Haq, M. A., Hosen, M. B., Chanda, B. C., Haque, F., Alam, M., Razzaque, A., et al. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10091498 · Cited by 23
Sun, S., Li, E., Zhao, G., Tang, J., Zuo, Q., Cai, L., Xu, C., Sui, C., Ou, Y., Liu, C., et al. (2022) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121907 · Cited by 22
Essential oils block cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant
Neto, L. T., Monteiro, M. L. G., Fernández-Romero, J. A., Teleshova, N., Sailer, J., & Conte‐Júnior, C. A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25342-8 · Cited by 25
Haider, N., Hasan, M. N., Guitián, J., Khan, R. A., McCoy, D., Ntoumi, F., Dar, O. A., Ansumana, R., Uddin, M. J., Zumla, A. I., et al. (2023) · IJID Regions · doi:10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.01.011 · Cited by 24
“[7] Dagan N, Barda N, Kepten E, Miron O, Perchik S, Katz MA, et al.”
Fan, X., Han, J., Zhao, E., Fang, J., Wang, D., Cheng, Y., Shi, Y., Wang, Z., Yao, Z., Lü, P., et al. (2023) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.016 · Cited by 23
“4 Studies on COVID-19 vaccines from the US 5 and Israel 26 have found that COVID-19 infections post-vaccination tend to occur in the presence of multiple comorbidities, such as excess body weight, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.”
BackgroundSacchi, M. C., Pelazza, C., Bertolotti, M., Agatea, L., Gaspari, P. D., Tamiazzo, S., Ielo, D., Stobbione, P., Grappiolo, M., Bolgeo, T., et al. (2023) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.1080/08916934.2023.2229072 · Cited by 23
“Dagan and collaborators have reported that mass vaccination with BNT162b2 is effective in COVID-19, and protects from most of the COVID-19 outcomes including severe conditions[44].”
BackgroundReynolds, L., Dewey, C. E., Asfour, G., & Little, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229716 · Cited by 24
Current Progress, Challenges and Prospects in the Development of COVID-19 Vaccines
Zhu, C., Pang, S., Liu, J., & Duan, Q. (2024) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-024-02013-8 · Cited by 24
The role of mild and asymptomatic infections on COVID-19 vaccines performance: A modeling study
Aguiar, M., Van-Dierdonck, J. B., Mar, J., & Stollenwerk, N. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2021.10.012 · Cited by 23
“In this study we consider the available information for the BioNTech/Pfizer vaccine [8], assuming that the variations reported eventually capture many aspects of heterogeneous vaccine coverage and efficacies.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialBarghash, R. F., Gemmati, D., Awad, A. M., Elbakry, M. M. M., Tisato, V., Awad, K., & Singh, A. V. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29235564 · Cited by 24
Overview of approved and upcoming vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: a living review
Alderson, J., Batchelor, V., O’Hanlon, M., Cifuentes, L., Richter, F. C., & Kopycinski, J. T. (2021) · Oxford Open Immunology · doi:10.1093/oxfimm/iqab010 · Cited by 22
“In a study of over 1 million Israeli citizens, BNT162b2 had an efficacy of 92% 7 days post-boost (Dagan et al., 2021), including individuals over 70 years of age.”
BackgroundBaum, U., Poukka, E., PALMU, A. A. I., Salo, H., Lehtonen, T., & Leino, T. M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258704 · Cited by 21
“In the third week 213 after the first dose from BioNTech/Pfizer, VE against hospitalization was found to be 74% and 76% 214 in the general Israeli population aged 16+ years [8,11].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialModeling the Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination in Lebanon: A Call to Speed-Up Vaccine Roll Out
Mumtaz, G. R., El‐Jardali, F., Jabbour, M., Harb, A., Abu-Raddad, L. J., & Makhoul, M. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9070697 · Cited by 23
“We assumed that the vaccine has ‘real-world’ effectiveness of 80% at reducing infection (VES = 80%), based on recent evidence for the effectiveness of the vaccine in reducing asymptomatic as well as symptomatic infections [10,12,32].”
BackgroundMagro, F., Nuzzo, A., Abreu, C., Libânio, D., Rodríguez–Lago, I., Pawlak, K. M., Hollenbach, M., Brouwer, W. P., & Siau, K. (2021) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1002/ueg2.12115 · Cited by 21
The Case for Mandating COVID-19 Vaccines for Health Care Workers
Klompas, M., Pearson, M. M., & Morris, C. A. (2021) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m21-2366 · Cited by 22
Hirotsu, Y., Amemiya, K., Sugiura, H., Shinohara, M., Takatori, M., Mochizuki, H., & Omata, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.722766 · Cited by 22
Pani, A., Cento, V., Vismara, C., Campisi, D., Ruscio, F. D., Romandini, A., Senatore, M., Schenardi, P. A., Gagliardi, O. M., Giroldi, S., et al. (2021) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.08.013 · Cited by 22
Symptomatic post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections in healthcare workers– A multicenter cohort study
Vaishya, R., Sibal, A., Malani, A., Kar, S., Hari Prasad, K., Kiran, S. V., Reddy, S., Kamineni, S., Reddy, S., Reddy, P. A., et al. (2021) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102306 · Cited by 22
Immunogenicity of a BNT162b2 vaccine booster in health-care workers
Saiag, E., Goldshmidt, H., Sprecher, E., Ben-Ami, R., & Bomze, D. (2021) · The Lancet Microbe · doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00272-x · Cited by 22
COVID-19 vaccine boosters: What do we know so far?
Kherabi, Y., Fiolet, T., Rozencwajg, S., Salaün, J., & Peiffer‐Smadja, N. (2021) · Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100959 · Cited by 22
Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Naruse, H., Ito, H., Izawa, H., Sarai, M., Ishii, J., Sakaguchi, E., Murakami, R., Ando, T., Fujigaki, H., & Saito, K. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10235498 · Cited by 22
“A nationwide mass vaccination study focused on the estimated vaccine effectiveness of patients with various comorbidities such as heart disease [6].”
BackgroundLedda, C., Costantino, C., Motta, G., Cunsolo, R., Stracquadanio, P., Liberti, G., Maltezou, H. C., & Rapisarda, V. (2022) · Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7010009 · Cited by 22
“In clinical trials, the vaccines had 52–95% efficacy for symptomatic disease 14 days later than the first dose and 95% efficacy 7 days later than the second dose [15,16].”
BackgroundDiscovery of highly potent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors based on benzoisothiazolone scaffold
Chen, W., Feng, B., Han, S., Wang, P., Chen, W., Zang, Y., Li, J. X., & Hu, Y. (2022) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128526 · Cited by 22
Koslow, W., Kühn, M. J., Binder, S. C., Klitz, M., Abele, D., Basermann, A., & Meyer‐Hermann, M. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010054 · Cited by 27
Kerr, S., Bedston, S., Bradley, D., Joy, M., Lowthian, E., Mulholland, R., Akbari, A., Hobbs, R. F., Katikireddi, S. V., de Lusignan, S., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyac199 · Cited by 21
“Our results may also be broadly consistent with a target trial study of VE of BNT162b2 in Israel, although a direct comparison cannot be made for second dose because we estimated VE relative to those who had received a first dose, as opposed to the unvaccinated.(27) A key strength of this paper is the use of the targe…”
ResultThe type of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine does not affect ovarian function in assisted reproduction cycle
Requena, A., Vergara, V., González-Ravina, C., Ruíz, M. E. R., & Cruz, M. (2022) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.12.022 · Cited by 22
Intramuscular mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 induces neutralizing salivary IgA
Stolovich-Rain, M., Kumari, S., Friedman, A., Kirillov, S., Socol, Y., Billan, M., Pal, R. R., Das, K., Golding, P., Oiknine‐Djian, E., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.933347 · Cited by 23
Lund, L. C., Støvring, H., Pottegård, A., Andersen, M. T., & Hallas, J. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.02.012 · Cited by 22
“Further, a limitation of our empirical data analysis is that the true vaccine effectiveness and risk increase about myocarditis is unknown, although multiple studies on vaccine effectiveness are in agreement with our findings [1,14,24,25].”
MethodResultThe State of Use and Utility of Negative Controls in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies
Zafarí, Z., Park, J.-E., Shah, C. H., dosReis, S., Gorman, E. F., Hua, W., Ma, Y., & Tian, F. (2023) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwad201 · Cited by 26
Dynamic Interactions of Fully Glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Various Antibodies
Cao, Y., Choi, Y. K., Frank, M., Woo, H., Park, S., Yeom, M. S., Seok, C., & Im, W. (2021) · Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation · doi:10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00552 · Cited by 24
Plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking vaccines: Progress, challenges and innovation
Tachibana, M., Takashima, E., Morita, M., Sattabongkot, J., Ishino, T., Culleton, R. L., Torii, M., & Tsuboi, T. (2021) · Parasitology International · doi:10.1016/j.parint.2021.102525 · Cited by 22
Venkatakrishnan, A., Anand, P., Lenehan, P. J., Ghosh, P., Suratekar, R., Siroha, A., Chowdhury, D. R., O’Horo, J. C., Yao, J. D. C., Pritt, B. S., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-555451/v1 · Cited by 22
Fiolet, T., Kherabi, Y., MacDonald, C. J., Ghosn, J., & Peiffer‐Smadja, N. (2021) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/z4x7t · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Dagan, N., Barda, N., Kepten, E., Miron, O., Perchik, S., Katz, M. A., Hernán, M. A., Lipsitch, M., Reis, B., & Balicer, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- From the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv (N.D., N.B., E.K., O.M., S.P., M.A.K., R.D.B.), and the School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva (O.M., M.A.K., R.D.B.) — both in Israel; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (M.A.K.); and the Department of Biomedical Informatics (N.D., N.B.), Harvard Medical School (B.R.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.A.H.), and the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Departments of Epidemiology and of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (M.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (M.A.H.), and the Predictive Medicine Group, Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital (B.R.) — all in Boston.
- Corresponding author
- Balicer, Ran D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-04-15
- Volume
- 384
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1412-1423
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC7944975
- OpenAlex
- W3131688063
- Cited by
- 2,527
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 114 · 2024: 202 · 2023: 367 · 2022: 831 · 2021: 926
- FWCI
- 184.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Morris–Singer Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention, symptomatic COVID-19, COVID-19 hospitalization, severe COVID-19, COVID-19 mortality, mass vaccination campaigns, real-world effectiveness, comorbidities, Israel
- MeSH terms
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, BNT162 Vaccine, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Israel, Male, Middle Aged, Incidence, Treatment Outcome, Mass Vaccination, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Young Adult
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