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Direct and fast detection of neuronal activation in the human brain with diffusion MRI
Abstract
Using MRI, we found that a slowly diffusing water pool was expanding (1.7 ± 0.3%) upon activation on the human visual cortex at the detriment of a faster diffusing pool. The time course of this water phase transition preceded the activation-triggered vascular response detected by usual functional MRI by several seconds. The observed changes in water diffusion likely reflect early biophysical events that take place in the activated cells, such as cell swelling and membrane expansion. Although the exact mechanisms remain to clarify, access to such an early and direct physiological marker of cortical activation with MRI will provide opportunities for functional neuroimaging of the human brain.
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“A major conceptual shift occurred in the early 2000s when diffusion MRI was shown to detect brain activation through transient decreases in ADC, suggesting sensitivity to intrinsic microstructural changes in addition to possible vascular effects (Fig. 6) (Darquié et al., 2001; Le Bihan et al., 2006).”
From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Le Bihan et al., 2006
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“T2-related effects (which are weaker than T2*-weighted BOLD) are largely independent of b-value, so that, when echo time is matched, their contributions can be substantially reduced or eliminated by calculating an ADC or, better, sADC derived from two b-values (Aso et al., 2009; de Riedmatten, Spencer, Olszowy, et al., 2025; Le Bihan et al., 2006; Spencer et al., 2025).”
From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Le Bihan et al., 2006
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“mirroring activation-related ADC and sADC decreases observed with DfMRI (Le Bihan et al., 2006).”
From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Le Bihan et al., 2006
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“There are also IVIM effects (see above) that are mostly visible at low b-values and can be eliminated using higher b-values (Le Bihan et al., 2006).”
From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Le Bihan et al., 2006
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“In human visual cortex, these diffusion changes preceded the BOLD response and were closely time locked to stimulation (Darquié et al., 2001; Kohno et al., 2009; Le Bihan et al., 2006).”
From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Le Bihan et al., 2006
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Metadata
- Authors
- Le Bihan, D., Urayama, S.-I., Aso, T., Hanakawa, T., & Fukuyama, H.
- Affiliations
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2006-05-23
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 8263-8268
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2134330663
- Cited by
- 272
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 13.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Keywords
- neuronal activation, diffusion MRI, water diffusion, visual cortex, cortical activation, vascular response, cell swelling, membrane expansion, functional neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Biophysics, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cell Membrane, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neurons, Time Factors, Visual Cortex, Models, Statistical, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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