The expression of the clock protein PER2 in the limbic forebrain is modulated by the estrous cycle
Abstract
Daily behavioral and physiological rhythms are linked to circadian oscillations of clock genes in the brain and periphery that are synchronized by the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In addition, there are a number of inputs that can influence circadian oscillations in clock gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. Here we identify an influence on the circadian oscillation of the clock protein PER2, endogenous changes in ovarian steroids, within two nuclei of the limbic forebrain: the oval nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and central nucleus of the amygdala. We show that the daily rhythm of PER2 expression within these nuclei but not in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, dentate gyrus, or basolateral amygdala is blunted in the metestrus and diestrus phases of the estrus cycle. The blunting of the PER2 rhythm at these phases of the cycle is abolished by ovariectomy and restored by phasic estrogen replacement suggesting that fluctuations in estrogen levels or their sequelae are necessary to produce these effects. The finding that fluctuations in ovarian hormones have area-specific effects on clock gene expression in the brain introduces a new level of organizational complexity in the control of circadian rhythms of behavior and physiology.
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PER2 rhythms are phase-advanced by gonadectomy in males and by early pregnancy in females, but not by the estrous cycle.
“Rhythms for the clock protein, PER2, are phase-advanced by gonadectomy in males [147], and by early pregnancy in females [169], but not by the estrous cycle [147].”
From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [147]
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- Authors
- Perrin, J. S., Segall, L. A., Harbour, V. L., Woodside, B., & Amir, S.
- Affiliations
- Concordia University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Amir, Shimon
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2006-04-04
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 5591-5596
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2048478622
- Semantic Scholar
- e81e73bb08ead2183a3b700c85552f9231f24d36
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- Per2, clock genes, estrous cycle, ovarian steroids, estrogen, limbic forebrain, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central amygdala, suprachiasmatic nucleus, ovariectomy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Estrus, Immunohistochemistry, Limbic System, Male, Nuclear Proteins, Ovariectomy, Transcription Factors, Prosencephalon, Cell Cycle Proteins, Rats, Period Circadian Proteins
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