Establishing the validity of domestication genes using DNA from ancient chickens
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Significance: Recent studies have identified the genetic basis of numerous traits that differentiate modern domestic species from their wild counterparts. In both plants and animals, traits (and the genes underlying them) found ubiquitously in modern breeds are often presumed to have been selected early during the domestication process. Here, by determining genetic variability in ancient European chickens over the past 2,000 years, we show that a mutation thought to be crucial during chicken domestication was not subjected to strong human-mediated selection until much later in time. This result demonstrates that the ubiquity of mutations, which differentiate modern wild and domestic taxa, does not necessarily imply ancient origins.
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Chicken bones are prone to taphonomic loss through scavenger activity and stratigraphic displacement.
“Additionally, chicken bones are prone to taphonomic loss through scavenger activity (11) and stratigraphic displacement (12).”
From The biocultural origins and dispersal of domestic chickens (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
The citation is attached to stratigraphic displacement, not scavenger activity. The Archaeological specimens section (p. 14) identifies intrusive finds from later occupation phases as a problem and describes sampling choices made to avoid them. It does not say that chicken bones are prone to taphonomic loss through displacement. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAn ancient DNA study shows how two strong sweeps in the domestic chicken, at TSHR and BCO2, both were selected much later than early domestication.
“For example, an ancient DNA study shows how two strong sweeps in the domestic chicken, at TSHR and BCO2, both were selected much later than early domestication (Flink et al. 2014; Loog et al. 2017).”
From The neural crest cell hypothesis: no unified explanation for domestication (2021) · cites this paper as Flink et al. 2014
The Conclusions (p. 7) say the TSHR allele became fixed in European chickens only in the past few hundred years and that fixation of BCDO2 in numerous modern breeds was likely recent. But the paper dates fixation, not the onset of selection for both sweeps, and it limits the TSHR timing finding to European chickens; the broader claim that both were selected much later is therefore stronger than its evidence. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRadiocarbon dating has revealed that specimens excavated at Korucutepe, Turkey and Jerusalem, Israel were intrusive.
“Although isolated chicken remains have been claimed on Bronze Age settlements, radiocarbon dating has revealed that specimens excavated at Korucutepe, Turkey (12) and Jerusalem, Israel were intrusive (SI Appendix, Table S3).”
From The biocultural origins and dispersal of domestic chickens (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
The Archaeological specimens section (p. 14) discusses radiocarbon dating of a specimen from Kassope, Greece, and precautions against intrusive finds at German and Austrian sites. Searches for Korucutepe, Jerusalem, and radiocarbon-dated intrusive Bronze Age remains found no passage addressing the specimens named in the claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe TSHR genetic marker could be used to recognize Gallus gallus domesticus in the future fossil record.
“This genetic marker could be used to recognize Gallus gallus domesticus in the future fossil record, in the way that the β-carotene dioxygenase 2 gene associated with yellow skin colour resulting from a diet of maize may be identified in archaeological chicken bones from approximately 500 years ago [60].”
From The broiler chicken as a signal of a human reconfigured biosphere (2018) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Girdland Flink, L., Allen, R., Barnett, R., Malmström, H., Peters, J., Eriksson, J., Andersson, L., Dobney, K., & Larson, G.
- Affiliations
- Durham Evolution and Ancient DNA, Department of Archaeology,
- Durham University (GB)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2014-04-21
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 6184-6189
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4035994
- OpenAlex
- W2161811970
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11
- FWCI
- 10.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0905606)
- National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (EF0905606, 0905606)
- Leverhulme Trust
- Research Councils UK
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/F003382/2, NE/F003382/1, NE/K005243/2, NE/K003259/1, NE/K005243/1, NE/H005552/1, NE/H005269/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- chicken domestication, domestication genes, ancient DNA, selection signatures, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, mitochondrial DNA control region, admixture
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Domestic, Chickens, DNA, DNA, Mitochondrial, Europe, Geography, Haplotypes, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Reproducibility of Results, History, Ancient
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