In situ carbonation of peridotite for CO 2 storage
Open accessAbstract
The rate of natural carbonation of tectonically exposed mantle peridotite during weathering and low-temperature alteration can be enhanced to develop a significant sink for atmospheric CO 2 . Natural carbonation of peridotite in the Samail ophiolite, an uplifted slice of oceanic crust and upper mantle in the Sultanate of Oman, is surprisingly rapid. Carbonate veins in mantle peridotite in Oman have an average 14 C age of ≈26,000 years, and are not 30–95 million years old as previously believed. These data and reconnaissance mapping show that ≈10 4 to 10 5 tons per year of atmospheric CO 2 are converted to solid carbonate minerals via peridotite weathering in Oman. Peridotite carbonation can be accelerated via drilling, hydraulic fracture, input of purified CO 2 at elevated pressure, and, in particular, increased temperature at depth. After an initial heating step, CO 2 pumped at 25 or 30 °C can be heated by exothermic carbonation reactions that sustain high temperature and rapid reaction rates at depth with little expenditure of energy. In situ carbonation of peridotite could consume >1 billion tons of CO 2 per year in Oman alone, affording a low-cost, safe, and permanent method to capture and store atmospheric CO 2 .
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The Samail Peridotite in Oman annually binds 4 × 10^7 kg of CO2 via carbonation.
“For example, the Samail Peridotite in Oman annually binds 4 × 107 kg of CO2 via carbonation7.”
From Sequestration of Martian CO2 by mineral carbonation (2013) · cites this paper as [7]
On Earth, the replacement of olivine by carbonate, termed carbonation, is an effective way to sequester and store atmospheric CO2.
“On Earth, the replacement of olivine by carbonate, termed carbonation, is an effective way to sequester and store atmospheric CO2.”
From Sequestration of Martian CO2 by mineral carbonation (2013) · cites this paper as [7]
Natural carbon uptake in thermodynamically stable carbonate in the oceanic lithosphere represents a means for permanently removing CO2 from the atmosphere.
“Furthermore, natural carbon uptake in thermodynamically stable carbonate in the oceanic lithosphere represents a means for permanently removing CO2 from the atmosphere (Kelemen & Matter, 2008).”
From Ultramafic Rock Carbonation: Constraints From Listvenite Core BT1B, Oman Drilling Project (2020) · cites this paper as Kelemen & Matter, 2008
The rate of natural carbon mineralization in the Samail ophiolite is on the order of 1,000 tCO2/km3/yr.
“The rate of natural carbon mineralization in the Samail ophiolite is on the order of 1,000 tCO 2 /km 3 /yr”
From An Overview of the Status and Challenges of CO2 Storage in Minerals and Geological Formations (2019) · cites this paper as Kelemen and Matter, 2008
In peridotite formations, natural alkaline springs have persisted in the same locations for tens to hundreds of thousands of years without running out of reactive surface areas or destroying permeability.
“in peridotite formations, natural alkaline springs have persisted in the same locations for tens to hundreds of thousands of years without running out of reactive surface areas or destroying permeability”
From An Overview of the Status and Challenges of CO2 Storage in Minerals and Geological Formations (2019) · cites this paper as Kelemen and Matter, 2008
Complete carbon mineralization of peridotite may result from positive feedback in which reaction-driven volume changes cause increases in differential stress and generate fractures, maintaining or increasing permeability and exposing fresh reactive surfaces.
“This may be the result of positive feedback, in which reaction-driven volume changes cause increases in differential stress in the rock and generate fractures, maintaining or increasing the permeability of the rock and exposing fresh reactive surfaces”
From An Overview of the Status and Challenges of CO2 Storage in Minerals and Geological Formations (2019) · cites this paper as Kelemen and Matter, 2008
In near-surface peridotite catchments, natural water saturated in air contains ~40-400 ppm CO2.
“In nearsurface peridotite catchments, natural water saturated in air contains ∼40-400 ppm CO 2”
From An Overview of the Status and Challenges of CO2 Storage in Minerals and Geological Formations (2019) · cites this paper as Kelemen and Matter, 2008
The formation parameters of magnesium carbonates hosted in ultramafic rocks can provide geologic constraints for engineered CO2 capture and storage (CCS).
“and their formation parameters can provide geologic constraints for engineered CO2 capture and storage (CCS) (Kelemen and Matter, 2008; Matter and Kelemen, 2009; Kelemen et al., 2011; Power et al., 2013a, b).”
From Clumped-isotope thermometry of magnesium carbonates in ultramafic rocks (2016) · cites this paper as Kelemen and Matter, 2008
Magnesium carbonates hosted in ultramafic rocks represent a geologically stable, long-term repository for CO2 at crustal conditions.
“Magnesium carbonates hosted in ultramafic rocks represent a geologically stable, long-term repository for CO2 at crustal conditions”
From Clumped-isotope thermometry of magnesium carbonates in ultramafic rocks (2016) · cites this paper as Kelemen and Matter, 2008
Hypogene, hydrothermal, and connate fluids can be of meteoric origin.
“Because hypogene, hydrothermal, and connate fluids can be of meteoric origin (Kelemen and Matter, 2008; Carreira et al., 2008; Kelemen et al., 2011), discriminating between two modes of magnesite formation may not be possible without additional field-specific constraints.”
From Clumped-isotope thermometry of magnesium carbonates in ultramafic rocks (2016) · cites this paper as Kelemen and Matter, 2008
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- Authors
- Kelemen, P. B., & Matter, J.
- Affiliations
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2008-11-11
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 45
- Pages
- 17295-17300
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2582290
- OpenAlex
- W2102735659
- Cited by
- 750
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 21.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- CO2 sequestration, Samail ophiolite, carbonate veins, radiocarbon dating, hydraulic fracturing, Oman
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