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Cited by 225CO2 Sequestration and Geologic InteractionsConcrete and Cement Materials ResearchCarbon Dioxide Capture Technologies

Silicate production and availability for mineral carbonation.

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Renforth, P., Washbourne, C.-L., Taylder, J., Manning, D. A. C.·2011·Environmental Science & Technology
DOI 10.1021/es103241w
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Abstract

Atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestered as carbonates through the accelerated weathering of silicate minerals is proposed as a climate change mitigation technology with the potential to capture billions of tonnes of carbon per year. Although these materials can be mined expressly for carbonation, they are also produced by human activities (cement, iron and steel making, coal combustion, etc.). Despite their potential, there is poor global accounting of silicates produced in this way. This paper presents production estimates (by proxy) of various silicate materials including aggregate and mine waste, cement kiln dust, construction and demolition waste, iron and steel slag, and fuel ash. Approximately 7-17 billion tonnes are produced globally each year with an approximate annual sequestration potential of 190-332 million tonnes C. These estimates provide justification for additional research to accurately quantify the contemporary production of silicate minerals and to determine the location and carbon capture potential of historic material accumulations.

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  • Treatment of both production and legacy wastes by ex situ processing has the potential to sequestrate Gt quantities of CO2 each year.

    “Treatment of both production and legacy wastes by ex situ processing has the potential to sequestrate Gt quantities of CO 2 each year (Renforth et al., 2011;Sanna et al., 2014).”

    From Mineralization Technology for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (2020) · cites this paper as Renforth et al., 2011

    Section 7, “Carbonation Potential and Strategies” (page unavailable), estimates 190–332 Mt of carbon capture per year from newly produced waste silicates, equivalent to about 0.7–1.2 Gt of CO₂. It discusses historically stockpiled waste separately as a possible total capture potential, not an annual rate, and does not establish that ex situ processing of both waste streams would achieve gigatonne-scale capture each year. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Requirement for mining may be further reduced by utilizing artificial silicate by-products from industrial processes, including calcium-rich silicates produced by iron and steel manufacturing (slags) with a long history of agricultural usage.

    “Requirement for mining may be further reduced by utilizing artificial silicate by-products from industrial processes 37,38 , including calcium-rich silicates produced by iron and steel manufacturing (slags) with a long history of agricultural usage 4,39 .”

    From Potential for large-scale CO2 removal via enhanced rock weathering with croplands (2020) · cites this paper as [37]

  • Approximately 3 × 10^9 t of cement is produced annually, emitting approximately 1.5 × 10^9 t of CO2 from chemical decarbonation.

    “Approximately 3 × 10 9 t of cement is produced annually, emitting approximately 1.5 × 10 9 t of CO 2 from chemical decarbonation.49”

    From Rapid Removal of Atmospheric CO2 by Urban Soils (2015) · cites this paper as [49]

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Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. [16]16. Abanades, J. C., Akai, M., Benson, S., Caldeira, K., Cook, P., Davidson, O., Doctor, R., Dooley, J., Freund, P., Gale, J., Heidug, W., Herzog, H., Keith, D., Mazzotti, M., Metz, B., Osman-Elasha, B., Palmer, A., Pipatti, R., Smekens, K., Soltanieh, M. Thambimuthu, K., van der Zwaan, B. Special report: Carbon dioxide capture and storage; Intergo- vernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K, 2005.
  2. [18]18. Chemical weathering rates of silicate minerals. White, A. F., Brantley, S. L., Eds.; Rev. Mineral. Mineralogical Society of America: 1995; Vol. 31.
  3. [21]21. Oelkers, E. H.; Gislason, S. R.; Matter, J. Mineral carbonation of CO 2 . Elements 2008, 4 (5), 333-337.
  4. [27]27. Woods, S.; Mitchell, C. J.; Harrison, D. J.; Ghazireh, N.; Manning, D. A. C. Exploitation and use of quarry fines: a preliminary report. Int. J. Pavement Eng. 2004, 5, 54-62.
  5. [32]32. Worrell, E.; Price, L.; Martin, N.; Hendriks, C.; Meida, L. O. Carbon dioxide emissions from the global cement industry. Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 2001, 26 (1), 303-329.
  6. [33]33. van Oss, H. G.; Padovani, A. C. Cement manufacture and the environment. J. Ind. Ecol. 2003, 7 (1), 93-126.
  7. [46]46. Barlow, S. G. The mineralogical, geochemical and experimental evaluation of boulder clay from Adswood, Stockport, as a model brickclay raw material, Ph.D. Thesis in Earth Sciences. University of Manchester: Manchester, UK, 1996; p 313.
  8. [47]47. Vetterlein, J. P. Availability of trace metals from potentially contaminated demolition materials -implications for risk evaluation, PhD Thesis in Civil Engineering and Geosciences. Newcastle University: Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, 2003; p 466.
  9. [62]62. EIA. Annual Energy Review. U.S. Energy Information Adminis- tration: 2009.

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Authors
Renforth, P., Washbourne, C.-L., Taylder, J., & Manning, D. A. C.
Affiliations
Newcastle University (GB)
Corresponding author
Renforth, P.
ORCID
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2011-02-18
Volume
45
Issue
6
Pages
2035-2041
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
DOI
10.1021/es103241w
OpenAlex
W2042023897
Cited by
225
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
Type
other
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Funders
  • Nuffield Foundation
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/F02777X/1)
  • Natural Environment Research Council
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
Keywords
CO2 mineralization, silicate minerals, CO2 sequestration, accelerated weathering, cement kiln dust, construction and demolition waste, iron and steel slag, fuel ash, climate change mitigation
MeSH terms
Carbon, Conservation of Natural Resources, Construction Materials, Industrial Waste, Silicates, Carbon Sequestration, Environmental Policy

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