New melanic pigments in the human brain that accumulate in aging and block environmental toxic metals
Open accessAbstract
Neuronal pigments of melanic type were identified in the putamen, cortex, cerebellum, and other major regions of human brain. These pigments consist of granules 30 nm in size, contained in organelles together with lipid droplets, and they accumulate in aging, reaching concentrations as high as 1.5-2.6 microg/mg tissue in major brain regions. These pigments, which we term neuromelanins, contain melanic, lipid, and peptide components. The melanic component is aromatic in structure, contains a stable free radical, and is synthesized from the precursor molecule cysteinyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. This contrasts with neuromelanin of the substantia nigra, where the melanic precursor is cysteinyl-dopamine. These neuronal pigments have some structural similarities to the melanin found in skin. The precursors of lipid components of the neuromelanins are the polyunsaturated lipids present in the surrounding organelles. The synthesis of neuromelanins in the various regions of the human brain is an important protective process because the melanic component is generated through the removal of reactive/toxic quinones that would otherwise cause neurotoxicity. Furthermore, the resulting melanic component serves an additional protective role through its ability to chelate and accumulate metals, including environmentally toxic metals such as mercury and lead.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The amount of intraneuronal iron bound to neuromelanin varies in the neurons of different brain regions.
“However, the amount of intraneuronal iron bound to neuromelanin varies in the neurons of different brain regions.53”
From The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders (2014) · cites this paper as [53]
Neuromelanin is present in neurons as neuromelanin-iron complexes in which the iron content varies depending on the neurons in each brain area.
“Neuromelanin is present in neurons as neuromelanin-iron complexes in which the iron content varies depending on the neurons in each brain area.6,53”
From The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders (2014) · cites this paper as [53]
Cites
Functional amyloid – from bacteria to humans
Fowler, D. M., Koulov, A. V., Balch, W. E., & Kelly, J. W. (2007) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2007.03.003 · Cited by 1,052 · see citing works
Role of oxidation in the neurotoxic effects of intrastriatal dopamine injections.
Hastings, T. G., Lewis, D. A., & Zigmond, M. J. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.5.1956 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Zecca, L., Stroppolo, A., Gatti, A., Tampellini, D., Toscani, M., Gallorini, M., Giaveri, G., Arosio, P., Santambrogio, P., Fariello, R. G., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0403495101 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Structures for amyloid fibrils
Makin, O. S., & Serpell, L. C. (2005) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.05025.x · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Sulzer, D. L., Bogulavsky, J. J., Larsen, K. E., Behr, G. G., Karatekin, E., Kleinman, M. H., Turro, N. J., Krantz, D. E., Edwards, R. H., Greene, L. A., et al. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.22.11869 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Selectivity of the Parkinsonian Neurotoxin MPTP: Toxic Metabolite MPP + Binds to Neuromelanin
D’Amato, R. J., Lipman, Z. P., & Snyder, S. H. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3080808 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Zecca, L., Fariello, R. G., Riederer, P. F., Sulzer, D. L., Gatti, A., & Tampellini, D. (2001) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03269-0 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Dopaminergic Neurons Intrinsic to the Primate Striatum
Betarbet, R. S., Turner, R. S., Chockkan, V., DeLong, M. R., Allers, K. A., Walters, J. R., Levey, A. I., & Greenamyre, J. T. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-17-06761.1997 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Aspects on human amyloid forms and their fibril polypeptides
Westermark, P. (2005) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.05024.x · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Kästner, A., Hirsch, É. C., Lejeune, O., Javoy-Agid, F., Rascol, O., & Agid, Y. (1992) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08350.x · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Neurotoxicity of organomercurial compounds
Sanfeliu, C., Sebastià, J., Cristòfol, R. M., & Rodrı́guez-Farré, E. (2003) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/bf03033386 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Interaction of neuromelanin and iron in substantia nigra and other areas of human brain
Zecca, L., Shima, T., Stroppolo, A., Goj, C., Battiston, G. A., Gerbasi, R., Sarna, T., & Swartz, H. M. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00047-4 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Whole-Body Lifetime Occupational Lead Exposure and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease
Coon, S. W., Stark, A. T., Peterson, E. L., Gloi, A. M., Kortsha, G. X., Pounds, J. G., Chettle, D. R., & Gorell, J. M. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9102 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
The structure of neuromelanin as studied by chemical degradative methods
Wakamatsu, K., Fujikawa, K., Zucca, F. A., Zecca, L., & Ito, S. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01917.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Iron and Other Metals in Neuromelanin, Substantia Nigra, and Putamen of Human Brain
Zecca, L., Pietra, R., Goj, C., Mecacci, C., Radice, D., & Sabbioni, E. (1994) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62031097.x · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Primate neostriatal neurons containing tyrosine hydroxylase: Immunohistochemical evidence
Dubach, M. F., Schmidt, R. H., Kunkel, D. D., Bowden, D. M., Martin, R., & German, D. C. (1987) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(87)90298-9 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Bush, W. D., Garguilo, J., Zucca, F. A., Albertini, A., Zecca, L., Edwards, G. S., Nemanich, R. J., & Simon, J. D. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0604010103 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
The Neuromelanin of Human Substantia Nigra: Physiological and Pathogenic Aspects
Zucca, F. A., Giaveri, G., Gallorini, M., Albertini, A., Toscani, M., Pezzoli, G., Lucius, R., Wilms, H., Sulzer, D. L., Ito, S., et al. (2004) · Pigment Cell Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2004.00201.x · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Chemical degradation of melanins: Application to identification of dopamine-melanin
ITO, S., & WAKAMATSU, K. (1998) · Pigment Cell Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.1998.tb00721.x · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Comparative analysis of proneural gene expression in the embryonic cerebellum
Zordan, P., Croci, L., Hawkes, R. B., & Consalez, G. G. (2008) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.21571 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Liang, C., Nelson, O. L., Yazdani, U., Pasbakhsh, P., & German, D. C. (2004) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.20098 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Autoradiography of [14C]paraquat or [14C]diquat in frogs and mice: Accumulation in neuromelanin
Lindquist, N. G., Larsson, B. S., & Lydén‐Sokolowski, A. (1988) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(88)90002-x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Interaction of Human Substantia Nigra Neuromelanin with Lipids and Peptides
Zecca, L., Costi, P., Mecacci, C., Ito, S., Terreni, M., & Sonnino, S. (2000) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0741758.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Tyrosinase: a developmentally specific major determinant of peripheral dopamine
Eisenhofer, G., Tian, H., Holmes, C. S., Matsunaga, J., Roffler-Tarlov, S. K., & Hearing, V. J. (2003) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.02-0736com · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Jellinger, K. A. (2003) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-003-0822-z · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Effects of Methyl Mercury in Postnatal Developing Rats
Sakamoto, M., Nakano, A., Kajiwara, Y., Naruse, I., & Fujisaki, T. (1993) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1006/enrs.1993.1048 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Ikemoto, K., Kitahama, K., Nishimura, A., Jouvet, A., Nishi, K., Arai, R., Jouvet, M., & Nagatsu, I. (1999) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00409-7 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Vitamin C Deficiency Facilitates 5‐S‐Cysteinyldopamine Formation in Guinea Pig Striatum
Fornstedt, B., & Carlsson, A. (1991) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08166.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Ward, W. C., Guan, Z., Zucca, F. A., Fariello, R. G., Kordestani, R., Zecca, L., Raetz, C. R. H., & Simon, J. D. (2007) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.c700008-jlr200 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Decreased nigral neuromelanin in Alzheimer's disease
Reyes, M. G., Faraldi, F., Rydman, R., & Wang, C. C. (2003) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/016164103101201166 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Giordano, T., Brigatti, C., Podini, P., Bonifacio, E. E., Meldolesi, J., & Malosio, M. L. (2008) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-008-0980-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders
Ward, R. J., Zucca, F. A., Duyn, J. H., Crichton, R. R., & Zecca, L. (2014) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70117-6 · Cited by 1,819 · see citing works
Dopamine oxidation mediates mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease
Burbulla, L. F., Song, P., Mazzulli, J. R., Zampese, E., Wong, Y. C., Jeon, S., Santos, D. P., Blanz, J., Obermaier, C. D., Strojny, C., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam9080 · Cited by 874 · see citing works
Interactions of iron, dopamine and neuromelanin pathways in brain aging and Parkinson's disease
Zucca, F. A., Segura-Aguilar, J., Ferrari, E., Muñoz, P., Paris, I., Sulzer, D., Sarna, T., Casella, L., & Zecca, L. (2017) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.012 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Self-citationProtective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease
Segura‐Aguilar, J., Paris, I. B., Muñoz, P., Ferrari, E., Zecca, L., & Zucca, F. A. (2014) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.12686 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Biological metals and metal-targeting compounds in major neurodegenerative diseases
Barnham, K. J., & Bush, A. I. (2014) · Chem. Soc. Rev. · doi:10.1039/c4cs00138a · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Melanins and melanogenesis: from pigment cells to human health and technological applications
d’Ischia, M., Wakamatsu, K., Cicoira, F., Mauro, E. D., García-Borrón, J. C., Commo, S., Galván, I., Ghanem, G., Kenzo, K., Meredith, P., et al. (2015) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/pcmr.12393 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Simon, J. D., Peles, D., Wakamatsu, K., & Ito, S. (2009) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/j.1755-148x.2009.00610.x · Cited by 391 · see citing works
MHC-I expression renders catecholaminergic neurons susceptible to T-cell-mediated degeneration
Cebrián, C., Zucca, F. A., Mauri, P., Steinbeck, J. A., Studer, L., Scherzer, C. R., Kanter, E., Budhu, S., Mandelbaum, J., Vonsattel, J. P., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4633 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Iron in Neurodegeneration – Cause or Consequence?
Ndayisaba, A., Kaindlstorfer, C., & Wenning, G. K. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00180 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
What are melanocytesreallydoing all day long…?
Plonka, P. M., Passeron, T., Brenner, M., Tobin, D. J., Shibahara, S., Thomas, A. J., Slominski, A. T., Kadekaro, A. L., Hershkovitz, D., Peters, E. M. J., et al. (2009) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00912.x · Cited by 296 · see citing works
From Extraction to Advanced Analytical Methods: The Challenges of Melanin Analysis
Pralea, I.-E., Moldovan, R.-C., Petrache, A.-M., Ilieș, M., Hegheş, S. C., Ielciu, I., Nicoară, R., Moldovan, M., Ene, M., Radu, M., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20163943 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Determination of Melanin Synthetic Pathways
Hearing, V. J. (2011) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/skinbio.2011.4 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Sulzer, D. L., Cassidy, C., Horga, G., Kang, U. J., Fahn, S., Casella, L., Pezzoli, G., Langley, J. A., Hu, X. P., Zucca, F. A., et al. (2018) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-018-0047-3 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Monzani, E., Nicolis, S., Dell’Acqua, S., Capucciati, A., Bacchella, C., Zucca, F. A., Mosharov, E. V., Sulzer, D. L., Zecca, L., & Casella, L. (2018) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201811122 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI as a noninvasive proxy measure of dopamine function in the human brain
Cassidy, C., Zucca, F. A., Girgis, R. R., Baker, S. C., Weinstein, J. J., Sharp, M. E., Bellei, C., Valmadre, A., Vanegas‐Arroyave, N., Kegeles, L. S., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1807983116 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Neuromelanin of the Human Substantia Nigra: An Update
Zucca, F. A., Basso, E., Cupaioli, F. A., Ferrari, E., Sulzer, D., Casella, L., & Zecca, L. (2014) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-013-9435-y · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Clewett, D., Lee, T., Greening, S. G., Ponzio, A., Margalit, E., & Mather, M. (2015) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.09.019 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Frenzel, T., Apte, C. N., Jošt, G., Schöckel, L., Lohrke, J., & Pietsch, H. (2017) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/rli.0000000000000352 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Iron, myelin, and the brain: neuroimaging meets neurobiology
Möller, H. E., Bossoni, L., Connor, J. R., Crichton, R. R., Does, M. D., Ward, R. J., Zecca, L., Zucca, F. A., & Ronen, I. (2019) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2019.03.009 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation: Three Faces of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Merelli, A., Repetto, M. G., Lazarowski, A., & Auzmendi, J. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201074 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Melanin nanoparticles as a promising tool for biomedical applications – a review
Caldas, M., Paiva‐Santos, A. C., Veiga, F., Rebelo, R., Reis, R. L., & Correlo, V. M. (2020) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.044 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Melanin-based flexible supercapacitors
Kumar, P., Mauro, E. D., Zhang, S., Pezzella, A., Soavi, F., Santato, C., & Cicoira, F. (2016) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/c6tc03739a · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Ashraf, A., Clark, M., & So, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2018.00065 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Cerebral Iron Deposition in Neurodegeneration
Dušek, P., Hofer, T., Alexander, J., Roos, P. M., & Aaseth, J. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12050714 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Ito, S., Sugumaran, M., & Wakamatsu, K. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21176080 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Contrast mechanisms associated with neuromelanin‐MRI
Trujillo, P., Summers, P. E., Ferrari, E., Zucca, F. A., Sturini, M., Mainardi, L. T., Cerutti, S., Smith, A. K., Smith, S. A., Zecca, L., et al. (2016) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.26584 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Zucca, F. A., Vanna, R., Cupaioli, F. A., Bellei, C., Palma, A. D., Silvestre, D. D., Mauri, P., Grassi, S., Prinetti, A., Casella, L., et al. (2018) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-018-0050-8 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Parkinson's disease: Alterations in iron and redox biology as a key to unlock therapeutic strategies
Ma, L., Azad, M. G., Dharmasivam, M., Richardson, V., Quinn, R. J., Feng, Y., Pountney, D. L., Tonissen, K. F., Mellick, G. D., Yanatori, I., et al. (2021) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2021.101896 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Pezzella, A., Iadonisi, A., Valerio, S., Panzella, L., Napolitano, A., Adinolfi, M., & d’Ischia, M. (2009) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja905162s · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Neuromelanin in Parkinson’s Disease: Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Tyrosinase
Nagatsu, T., Nakashima, A., Watanabe, H., Ito, S., & Wakamatsu, K. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23084176 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Impact of Dopamine Oxidation on Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration
Zhang, S., Wang, R., & Wang, G. (2018) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00454 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Du, F., Qian, Z., Luo, Q., Yung, W., & Ke, Y. (2014) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-014-8847-x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Baker, S. L., Harrison, T. M., Maass, A., La Joie, R., & Jagust, W. J. (2019) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.118.224113 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
<i>In vivo</i>imaging of neuromelanin in Parkinson’s disease using<sup>18</sup>F-AV-1451 PET
Hansen, A. K., Knudsen, K., Lillethorup, T. P., Landau, A. M., Parbo, P., Fedorova, T., Audrain, H., Bender, D., Østergaard, K., Brooks, D. J., et al. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww098 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Wada, M., Noda, Y., Iwata, Y., Tsugawa, S., Yoshida, K., Tani, H., Hirano, Y., Koike, S., Sasabayashi, D., Katayama, H., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01572-0 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Engineered nanoparticles, How brain friendly is this new guest?
Cupaioli, F. A., Zucca, F. A., Boraschi, D., & Zecca, L. (2014) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.05.002 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Lohith, T. G., Bennacef, I., Vandenberghe, R., Vandenbulcke, M., Salinas, C. A., Declercq, R., Reynders, T., Telan-Choing, N. F., Riffel, K., Celen, S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.118.208215 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Life span pigmentation changes of the substantia nigra detected by neuromelanin‐sensitive MRI
Xing, Y., Sapuan, A. H., Dineen, R. A., & Auer, D. P. (2018) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27502 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
MRI biomarkers of motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
Ryman, S. G., & Poston, K. L. (2019) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.10.002 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Calderón‐Garcidueñas, L., González-Maciel, A., Reynoso-Robles, R., Hammond, J., Kulesza, R. J., Lachmann, I., Torres‐Jardón, R., Mukherjee, P. S., & Maher, B. A. (2020) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110139 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Wise, R. M., Wagener, A., Fietzek, U. M., Klopstock, T., Mosharov, E. V., Zucca, F. A., Sulzer, D. L., Zecca, L., & Burbulla, L. F. (2022) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105920 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Off-Target 18F-AV-1451 Binding in the Basal Ganglia Correlates with Age-Related Iron Accumulation
Choi, J. Y., Cho, H., Ahn, S. J., Lee, J., Ryu, Y. H., Lee, M. S., & Lyoo, C. H. (2017) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.117.195248 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Biesemeier, A., Yoeruek, E., Eibl, O., & Schraermeyer, U. (2015) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2015.05.019 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Paris, I. B., Perez-Pastene, C., Cárdenas, S., Iturra, P., Muñoz, P., Couve, E., Caviedes, P. A., & Segura‐Aguilar, J. (2010) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-009-9148-4 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Preserving Lysosomal Function in the Aging Brain: Insights from Neurodegeneration
Peng, W., Minakaki, G., Nguyen, M., & Krainc, D. (2019) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-019-00742-3 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Wengler, K., He, X., Abi‐Dargham, A., & Horga, G. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116457 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Engelen, M., Vanna, R., Bellei, C., Zucca, F. A., Wakamatsu, K., Monzani, E., Ito, S., Casella, L., & Zecca, L. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048490 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
DNAJC12 and dopa‐responsive nonprogressive parkinsonism
Straniero, L., Guella, I., Cilia, R., Parkkinen, L., Rimoldi, V., Young, A., Asselta, R., Soldà, G., Sossi, V., Stoessl, A. J., et al. (2017) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25048 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Wakamatsu, K., Tabuchi, K., Ojika, M., Zucca, F. A., Zecca, L., & Ito, S. (2015) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13237 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Autophagy protects against aminochrome-induced cell death in substantia nigra-derived cell line.
Paris, I., Muñoz, P., Huenchuguala, S., Couve, E., Sanders, L. H., Greenamyre, J., Caviedes, P., & Segura-Aguilar, J. (2011) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfr060 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Zucca, F. A., Capucciati, A., Bellei, C., Sarna, M., Sarna, T., Monzani, E., Casella, L., & Zecca, L. (2023) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.2654 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Unraveling the contributions to the neuromelanin-MRI contrast
Priovoulos, N., van Boxel, S. C. J., Jacobs, H. I. L., Poser, B. A., Uludaǧ, K., Verhey, F. R. J., & Ivanov, D. (2020) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-020-02153-z · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI as a promising biomarker of catecholamine function
Trujillo, P., Aumann, M. A., & Claassen, D. O. (2023) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awad300 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Melanin and neuromelanin binding of drugs and chemicals: toxicological implications
Karlsson, O., & Lindquist, N. G. (2016) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1757-0 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Melanin pigment derived from marine organisms and its industrial applications
Ghattavi, K., Homaei, A. A., Kamrani, E., & Kim, S. (2022) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110214 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Delcourt, N., Claudepierre, T., Maignien, T., Arnich, N., & Mattei, C. (2017) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins10010006 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Pamphlett, R. (2013) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.11.016 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Biesemeier, A., Eibl, O., Eswara, S., Audinot, J., Wirtz, T., Pezzoli, G., Zucca, F. A., Zecca, L., & Schraermeyer, U. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13648 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Isometric exercise facilitates attention to salient events in women via the noradrenergic system
Mather, M., Huang, R., Clewett, D., Nielsen, S. E., Velasco, R., Tu, K., Han, S., & Kennedy, B. L. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116560 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Neuromelanin Paradox and Its Dual Role in Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration
Moreno-García, A., Kun, A., Calero, M., & Calero, O. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10010124 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Takahashi, H., Watanabe, Y., Tanaka, H., Mihara, M., Mochizuki, H., Liu, T., Wang, Y., & Tomiyama, N. (2018) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1259/bjr.20180037 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Functional Mammalian Amyloids and Amyloid-Like Proteins
Rubel, M. S., Fedotov, S. A., Grizel, A. V., Sopova, J. V., Malikova, O. A., Chernoff, Y. O., & Rubel, A. A. (2020) · Life · doi:10.3390/life10090156 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Characterization of Melanin Pigments in Biological Samples
Wakamatsu, K., & Ito, S. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24098305 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Biosynthetic pathway to neuromelanin and its aging process
Wakamatsu, K., Murase, T., Zucca, F. A., Zecca, L., & Ito, S. (2012) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/pcmr.12014 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Nagatsu, T., Nakashima, A., Watanabe, H., Ito, S., Wakamatsu, K., Zucca, F. A., Zecca, L., Youdim, M. B. H., Wulf, M., Riederer, P. F., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-023-02617-6 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Dysregulation of tyrosinase activity: a potential link between skin disorders and neurodegeneration
Jin, W., Stehbens, S. J., Barnard, R. T., Blaskovich, M. A. T., & Ziora, Z. M. (2023) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1093/jpp/rgad107 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Classical and Nonclassical Melanocytes in Vertebrates
Colombo, S., Berlin, I., Delmas, V., & Larue, L. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527636150.ch2 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Pragmatic Approach on Neuroimaging Techniques for the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonisms
Peralta, C., Strafella, A. P., van Eimeren, T., Ceravolo, R., Seppi, K., Kaasinen, V., Arena, J., Lehéricy, S., & the International Parkinson Movement Disorders Society‐Neuroimaging Study Group (2021) · Movement Disorders Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/mdc3.13354 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Comprehensive MRI quantification of the substantia nigra pars compacta in Parkinson’s disease
Takahashi, H., Watanabe, Y., Tanaka, H., Mihara, M., Mochizuki, H., Takahashi, K., Yamamoto, K., Liu, T., Wang, Y., & Tomiyama, N. (2018) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.06.024 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
MAO-B Inhibitors Do Not Block In Vivo Flortaucipir([18F]-AV-1451) Binding
Hansen, A. K., Brooks, D. J., & Borghammer, P. (2018) · Molecular Imaging and Biology · doi:10.1007/s11307-017-1143-1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Biomimetic fabrication of information-rich phenolic-chitosan films
Gray, K. M., Kim, E., Wu, L., Liu, Y., Bentley, W. E., & Payne, G. F. (2011) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c1sm05293d · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Panzella, L., Szewczyk, G., D’Ischia, M., Napolitano, A., & Sarna, T. (2010) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00726.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
NRF2 Activation and Downstream Effects: Focus on Parkinson’s Disease and Brain Angiotensin
Parga, J. A., Rodriguez-Perez, A. I., García-Garrote, M., Rodríguez‐Pallares, J., & Labandeira-García, J. L. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10111649 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Chemical composition of melanosomes, lipofuscin and melanolipofuscin granules of human RPE tissues
Biesemeier, A., Schraermeyer, U., & Eibl, O. (2011) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2011.04.004 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Binding and Reactivity of Copper to R1 and R3 Fragments of tau Protein
Bacchella, C., Gentili, S., Bellotti, D., Quartieri, E., Draghi, S., Baratto, M. C., Remelli, M., Valensin, D., Monzani, E., Nicolis, S., et al. (2019) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02266 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
van Rensburg, Z. J., Abrahams, S., Bardien, S., & Kenyon, C. P. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02516-5 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Eom, T., Jeon, J., Lee, S., Woo, K., Heo, J. E., Martin, D. C., Wie, J. J., & Shim, B. S. (2019) · Particle & Particle Systems Characterization · doi:10.1002/ppsc.201900166 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Cassidy, C., Carpenter, K. M., Konova, A. B., Cheung, V., Grassetti, A., Zecca, L., Abi‐Dargham, A., Martinez, D., & Horga, G. (2020) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20010090 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Watanabe, H., Dijkstra, J. M., & Nagatsu, T. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25042009 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ferrari, E., Capucciati, A., Prada, I., Zucca, F. A., D’Arrigo, G., Pontiroli, D., Bridelli, M. G., Sturini, M., Bubacco, L., Monzani, E., et al. (2016) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00231 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Iron transport in Parkinson's disease
Hirsch, É. C. (2009) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70816-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Neuromelanin in parkinsonian disorders: an update
Martín‐Bastida, A., Pietracupa, S., & Piccini, P. P. (2017) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207454.2017.1325883 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Chrissian, C., Camacho, E., Kelly, J. E., Wang, H., Casadevall, A., & Stark, R. E. (2020) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra120.015201 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Insects synthesize pheomelanin
Galván, I., Jorge, A., Edelaar, P., & Wakamatsu, K. (2015) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/pcmr.12397 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Briceño, A., Muñoz, P., Brito, P., Huenchuguala, S., Segura‐Aguilar, J., & Paris, I. B. (2015) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-015-9560-x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Fungal Melanins Differ in Planar Stacking Distances
Casadevall, A., Nakouzi, A. S., Crippa, P. R., & Eisner, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030299 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Chemiexcitation and Its Implications for Disease
Brash, D. E., Gonçalves, L. C. P., & Bechara, E. J. H. (2018) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2018.04.004 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Neuromelanin accumulation in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ueno, F., Iwata, Y., Nakajima, S., Caravaggio, F., Rubio, J. M., Horga, G., Cassidy, C., Torres‐Carmona, E., Luca, V. D., Tsugawa, S., et al. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.028 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Biogenic Amines in Rett Syndrome: The Usual Suspects
Roux, J., & Villard, L. (2009) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-009-9303-y · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The toxic metal hypothesis for neurological disorders
Pamphlett, R., & Bishop, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1173779 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Capucciati, A., Zucca, F. A., Monzani, E., Zecca, L., Casella, L., & Hofer, T. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10060824 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Heavy metals in locus ceruleus and motor neurons in motor neuron disease
Pamphlett, R., & Jew, S. K. (2013) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/2051-5960-1-81 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Neuromelanin Modulates Heterocyclic Aromatic Amine-Induced Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity
Lawana, V., Um, S. Y., Rochet, J., Turesky, R. J., Shannahan, J. H., & Cannon, J. R. (2019) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfz210 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Roberts, N. B., Curtis, S. A., Milan, A. M., & Ranganath, L. R. (2015) · JIMD Reports · doi:10.1007/8904_2015_453 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Schroeder, R. L., Double, K. L., & Gerber, C. (2015) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.02.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ferrari, E., Engelen, M., Monzani, E., Sturini, M., Girotto, S., Bubacco, L., Zecca, L., & Casella, L. (2012) · JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00775-012-0951-7 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Iannitelli, A. F., & Weinshenker, D. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105287 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of neural crest-derived melanocytes
Cichorek, M., Wachulska, M., & Skoniecka, A. (2013) · Open Life Sciences · doi:10.2478/s11535-013-0141-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Matching ex vivo MRI With Iron Histology: Pearls and Pitfalls
De Barros, A., Arribarat, G., Combis, J., Chaynes, P., & Péran, P. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2019.00068 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A functionalized hydroxydopamine quinone links thiol modification to neuronal cell death
Farzam, A., Chohan, K. L., Strmiskova, M., Hewitt, S. J., Park, D. S., Pezacki, J. P., & Özcelik, D. (2019) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2019.101377 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zecca, L., Bellei, C., Costi, P., Albertini, A., Monzani, E., Casella, L., Gallorini, M., Bergamaschi, L., Moscatelli, A., Turro, N. J., Eisner, M., Crippa, P. R., Ito, S., Wakamatsu, K., Bush, W. D., Ward, W. C., Simon, J. D., & Zucca, F. A.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (IT)
- University of Pavia (IT)
- National Institute of Metrology, Unit of Radiochemistry and Spectroscopy, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Columbia University (US)
- University of Houston (US)
- University of Parma (IT)
- Fujita Health University (JP)
- Duke University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2008-11-11
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 45
- Pages
- 17567-17572
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2582310
- OpenAlex
- W2137504359
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (IRIS Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (RBNE03PX83)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19500332)
- Division of Chemistry (CHE 07 17518)
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Keywords
- neuromelanin, human brain, brain aging, putamen, substantia nigra, lipid droplets, free radicals, polyunsaturated lipids, metal chelation, mercury, lead, neuroprotection, quinone detoxification
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Brain, Environmental Pollutants, Humans, Melanins, Microscopy, Electron, Neurons, Organelles, Metals, Heavy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review