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A family-oriented psychosocial intervention reduces inflammation in low-SES African American youth
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Children from families of low socioeconomic status (SES) are vulnerable to a variety of health problems. These risks begin in early childhood and persist across the lifecourse. Studies hint that nurturant parenting may offset these health risks, but it remains unclear whether these findings reflect a causal process and have clinical utility. Here we describe a randomized controlled trial, which sought to improve parenting and build youth competencies in low-SES African American families. The endpoint was low-grade inflammation, a process that underlies many health problems to which low-SES youth are vulnerable. Eight years after the intervention, youth who participated had significantly less inflammation than controls. If substantiated, these findings may provide a strategy for narrowing some of America’s social and racial disparities in health.
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“Considerable evidence suggests that caregiving-focused interventions, for instance, may mitigate the physiological effects of ELA.”
From Biological embedding of childhood adversity: from physiological mechanisms to clinical implications (2017) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“Multiple works have found that stress induced white blood cell programs and associated chronic diseases can be alleviated via social buffering (e.g., maternal warmth, social support, and family intervention) (Jiang et al., 2021; Miller et al., 2014; Tuchscherer et al., 2016).”
From On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis (2022) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Some parameters improved by caregiving-focused interventions in longitudinal research include ELA-associated chronic inflammation [98], telomere shortening (accelerated genetic aging) [99], and gray matter volumetric changes [100].”
From Biological embedding of childhood adversity: from physiological mechanisms to clinical implications (2017) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“An intervention study also showed that relative to a waitlist control, a 7-week family-oriented psychosocial intervention implemented among low-SES, 11-year-old youth resulted in lower markers of inflammation when youth were 19-years-old (Miller et al., 2014).”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2014
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“, 2021) and non-pregnant populations (Miller et al., 2014; Hostinar et al., 2015; Walker, 2019; Bonaccio et al., 2016).”
Gotlieb, R. J. M., Yang, X., & Immordino‐Yang, M. H. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-56800-0 · Cited by 29
The role of childhood unpredictability in adult health
Maner, J. K., Hasty, C. R., Martínez, J. L. C., Ehrlich, K. B., & Gerend, M. A. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-022-00373-8 · Cited by 27
“, by increasing the consistency of a child’s daily routines) may hold potential for improving health (Miller et al., 2014; Schreier & Chen, 2010).”
BackgroundAn Extension to the stress-buffering model: Timing of support across the lifecourse
Lam, P. H. (2024) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100876 · Cited by 35
“…studies that induced stressors (ruling out that protection is due to low stressor frequency confounding with high support; Gunnar, 2017), and experimental studies that manipulated social support (providing causal evidence that support led to protection; Miller et al., 2014; Perry et al., 2021).”
ResultNeighborhood Social Conditions, Family Relationships, and Childhood Asthma
Chen, E., Hayen, R., Lê, V. T., Austin, M. K., Shalowitz, M. U., Story, R. E., & Miller, G. E. (2019) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3300 · Cited by 26
Self-citationEhrlich, K. B., Miller, G. E., & Chen, E. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000930 · Cited by 25
Self-citationChiang, J. J., Chen, E., & Miller, G. E. (2018) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0316-5 · Cited by 26
“Indeed, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that strengthening family relationships can offset some of health consequences of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage 45 .”
Self-citationMiller, T. R., Waehrer, G. M., Oh, D. L., Purewal, S. K., Walker, S. O., Marques, S. S., & Harris, N. B. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228019 · Cited by 27
Familism and inflammatory processes in African American, Latino, and White youth.
Chiang, J. J., Chen, E., Leigh, A. K. K., Hoffer, L. C., Lam, P. H., & Miller, G. E. (2019) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000715 · Cited by 25
“Family connectedness and support can lower levels of inflammation as noted above, and can mitigate the negative effects of youths’ stress on inflammation and on the ANS and HPA axis (Barton, Yu, Brody, & Ehrlich, 2018; Luecken, Hagan, Wolchik, Sandler, & Tein, 2016; Miller et al., 2014).”
Self-citationCronan, S. B., Uchino, B. N., de Grey, R. G. K., & Trettevik, R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6_1425-2 · Cited by 23
Mechanistic Understanding of Socioeconomic Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Shimbo, D. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.04.043 · Cited by 22
Self-citationReward Responsiveness and Ruminative Styles Interact to Predict Inflammation and Mood Symptomatology
Moriarity, D. P., Ng, T. H., Titone, M. K., Chat, I. K.-Y., Nusslock, R., Miller, G. E., & Alloy, L. B. (2019) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.11.007 · Cited by 22
Self-citationEarly Life Adversity and Pubertal Timing: Implications for Cardiometabolic Health
Bleil, M. E., Spieker, S. J., Gregorich, S. E., Thomas, A. S., Hiatt, R. A., Appelhans, B. M., Roisman, G. I., & Booth‐LaForce, C. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa082 · Cited by 23
“specific intervention benefits observed in relation to metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, inflammation, and health behaviors (Brody et al., 2017, 2019; Chen et al., 2018; Miller et al., 2014).”
BackgroundThe missing hallmark of health: psychosocial adaptation
López-Otín, C., & Kroemer, G. (2024) · Cell Stress · doi:10.15698/cst2024.03.294 · Cited by 27
Beyond Early Adversity: The Role of Parenting in Infant Physical Health
Stern, J. A., Beijers, R., Ehrlich, K. B., Cassidy, J. A., & de Weerth, C. (2020) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000804 · Cited by 20
“Preliminary evidence for a causal pathway between parenting and healthrelated risk factors comes from a randomized controlled trial of a family intervention for low-income mothers and their 11-year-olds: Intervention youth had lower inflammation than control youth at age 19, and this effect was partially mediated by i…”
BackgroundChat, I. K.-Y., Nusslock, R., Moriarity, D. P., Bart, C. P., Giollabhui, N. M., Damme, K. S. F., Carroll, A., Miller, G. E., & Alloy, L. B. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.006 · Cited by 19
Self-citationO’Brien, J. R., Loi, E. C., Byrne, M. L., Zalewski, M., & Casement, M. D. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01224-4 · Cited by 20
“This was an intervention study using a low-income African American sample where 11-year old youth and their parents were randomized to participate in either a 7-week skills-building program designed to increase involved-vigilant parenting, or an active control group of psychoeducation [65].”
MethodOverbeek, G. J., Creasey, N., Wesarg, C., Huijzer-Engbrenghof, M., & Spencer, H. (2020) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cad.20362 · Cited by 24
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., Finegood, E. D., Shimbo, D., & Cole, S. W. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.003 · Cited by 19
Self-citationBoylan, J. M., Cundiff, J. M., Jakubowski, K., Pardini, D. A., & Matthews, K. A. (2018) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kay006 · Cited by 21
Resilience following childhood adversity: The need for a heuristic multilevel dynamic framework
Pasteuning, J., Gathier, A. W., Vinkers, C. H., & Sep, M. S. C. (2024) · Neuroscience Applied · doi:10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104069 · Cited by 22
“Findings by Miller et al. (2014) showed how a psychosocial intervention, focused on improving parenting, strengthening family relationships, and building youth competencies improved inflammation in children of low socioeconomic status (SES) (Miller et al., 2014), as seen by reduced expression of IL-1 β , (cid:0) 6, (c…”
InfluentialChen, E., Miller, G. E., Yu, T., & Brody, G. H. (2017) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.246 · Cited by 18
Self-citationChildhood Neighborhood Disadvantage, Parenting, and Adult Health
Mrug, S., Barker-Kamps, M., Orihuela, C. A., Patki, A., & Tiwari, H. K. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.01.028 · Cited by 19
“Multiple prospective studies show the importance of consistent and supportive parenting for better adult health, including lower BMI and inflammation.(35-37) Some of these relationships appear mediated by differential DNA methylation in inflammation-related genes.”
BackgroundBiological Embedding of Psychosocial Stress Over the Life Course
Eachus, H., & Cunliffe, V. T. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811060-7.00012-7 · Cited by 19
A preliminary investigation of attachment style and inflammation in African-American young adults
Ehrlich, K. B., Stern, J. A., Eccles, J. S., Dinh, J., Hopper, E. A., Kemeny, M. E., Adam, E. K., & Cassidy, J. A. (2018) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2018.1541516 · Cited by 17
Thomas, M., Rakesh, D., Whittle, S., Sheridan, M. A., Upthegrove, R., & Cropley, V. (2023) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106371 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, G. E., Brody, G. H., Yu, T., & Chen, E.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2014-07-21
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 31
- Pages
- 11287-11292
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4128159
- OpenAlex
- W2123137959
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 21.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL108723)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P30DA027827)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD058502)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Keywords
- inflammation, low socioeconomic status, African American youth, cytokines, family relationships, youth competencies, racial disparities in health, rural Georgia
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Black or African American, Child, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Mothers, Social Class, Social Support, Cytokines, Parenting, Young Adult
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