Recovery sleep after extended wakefulness restores elevated A 1 adenosine receptor availability in the human brain
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Significance: Our study reveals that prolonged sleep deprivation is accompanied by an A 1 adenosine receptor (A 1 AR) upregulation in the human brain. Recovery sleep quickly restores A 1 AR availability to control levels. High individual A 1 AR availability is related to a low sleep pressure and good cognitive performance. Sleep deprivation is an efficient but short-lasting therapeutic strategy in depression. A causal sleep–wake dysregulation has been proposed, possibly mediated by cerebral adenosine and its A 1 AR. The restoration of the A 1 AR availability after recovery from sleep deprivation mimics the rapid relapse following the end of therapeutic sleep deprivation. Understanding the adenosine regulation under sleep restriction, especially regarding individual characteristics, might improve the rationale for the individual indication and design of therapeutic sleep modulation in depression.
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The degree of performance impairment in response to sleep loss is subject to substantial inter-individual differences that are stable and trait-like.
“The degree of performance impairment in response to sleep loss is subject to substantial inter-individual differences that are stable and trait-like36,51–54.”
From Effects of total sleep deprivation on performance in a manual spacecraft docking task (2024) · cites this paper as [54]
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- Authors
- Elmenhorst, D., Elmenhorst, E.-M., Hennecke, E., Kroll, T., Matusch, A., Aeschbach, D., & Bauer, A.
- Affiliations
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Elmenhorst, David
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2017-04-03
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 4243-4248
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC5402442
- OpenAlex
- W2605030589
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 5.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- elib (German Aerospace Center) (acceptedVersion)
- JuSER (Forschungszentrum Jülich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (internal)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (internal)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Keywords
- adenosine A1 receptor, sleep deprivation, recovery sleep, adenosine, sleep pressure, cognitive performance, depression, receptor availability, individual differences
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine, Adult, Brain, Humans, Male, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Wakefulness, Receptor, Adenosine A1
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