EEG and ocular correlates of circadian melatonin phase and human performance decrements during sleep loss
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the associations between slow eye movements (SEMs), eye blink rate, waking electroencephalogram (EEG) power density, neurobehavioral performance, and the circadian rhythm of plasma melatonin in a cohort of 10 healthy men during up to 32 h of sustained wakefulness. The time course of neurobehavioral performance was characterized by fairly stable levels throughout the first 16 h of wakefulness followed by deterioration during the phase of melatonin secretion. This deterioration was closely associated with an increase in SEMs. Frontal low-frequency EEG activity (1-7 Hz) exhibited a prominent increase with time awake and little circadian modulation. EEG alpha activity exhibited circadian modulation. The dynamics of SEMs and EEG activity were phase locked to changes in neurobehavioral performance and lagged the plasma melatonin rhythm. The data indicate that frontal areas of the brain are more susceptible to sleep loss than occipital areas. Frontal EEG activity and ocular parameters may be used to monitor and predict changes in neurobehavioral performance associated with sleep loss and circadian misalignment.
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The number of slow eye movements was determined by a single scorer in an unblinded fashion and validated in a blinded fashion by an independent scorer (r=0.94, P<0.001).
“The number of slow eye movements recorded during all waking polysomnographic epochs was determined by a single scorer according to established criteria in an unblinded fashion.21 Results were then validated in a blinded fashion by an independent scorer who compared them with the rates recorded from 9 p.m. to 3 p.m. in a subgroup (10 percent) of EOG recordings (r=0.94,P<0.001).”
From Effect of Reducing Interns' Weekly Work Hours on Sleep and Attentional Failures (2004) · cites this paper as [21]
Slow eye movements are correlated with performance failures on the psychomotor vigilance task and are reduced by treatments that counteract fatigue and thus improve neurobehavioral performance.
“Slow eye movements are correlated with performance failures on the psychomotor vigilance task 21 and are reduced by treatments that counteract fatigue and thus improve neurobehavioral performance.[34][35][36]”
From Effect of Reducing Interns' Weekly Work Hours on Sleep and Attentional Failures (2004) · cites this paper as [21]
The presence of slow-rolling eye movements during wakefulness is indicative of profound fatigue in both occupational settings and laboratory settings and parallels subjective sleepiness, theta activity on electroencephalography, and impaired neurobehavioral performance.
“The presence of slowrolling eye movements during wakefulness is indicative of profound fatigue in both occupational settings 29 and laboratory settings 21 and parallels subjective sleepiness, theta activity on electroencephalography, and impaired neurobehavioral performance 21,29”
From Effect of Reducing Interns' Weekly Work Hours on Sleep and Attentional Failures (2004) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- Cajochen, C., Khalsa, S. B. S., Wyatt, J. K., Czeisler, C. A., & Dijk, D.-J.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1999-09-01
- Volume
- 277
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- R640-R649
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W2147858106
- Cited by
- 349
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 14.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (F33HL009588, F33 HL09588)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH45130, R01MH045130)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR 02635, M01RR002635)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm, melatonin, slow eye movements, blink rate, EEG spectral power, frontal EEG activity, alpha activity, neurobehavioral performance, sustained wakefulness, circadian misalignment, performance decrement
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Electroencephalography, Eye Movements, Humans, Male, Melatonin, Sleep Wake Disorders
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