Ocean warming since 1982 has expanded the niche of toxic algal blooms in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans
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Significance: This study used high-resolution (daily, quarter-degree resolution) sea-surface temperature records to model trends in growth rates and bloom-season duration for two of the most toxic and widespread harmful algal bloom species indigenous to the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. Alexandrium fundyense synthesizes saxitoxin and Dinophysis acuminata synthesizes okadaic acid, which cause the human health syndromes paralytic and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, respectively. The model provided hindcasts of harmful algal bloom (HAB) events that were consistent with in situ observations from long-term monitoring programs during the same time period. This study provides evidence that increasing ocean temperatures have already facilitated the intensification of these, and likely other, HABs and thus contribute to an expanding human health threat.
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Few climate change studies have included HAB species as a co-stressor.
“Despite the global expansion of HABs (Anderson, 2012;Gobler et al., 2017), few climate change studies have included HAB species as a co-stressor (see Table 1).”
From Harmful algal blooms: A climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems (2020) · cites this paper as Gobler et al., 2017
Harmful algal blooms have expanded geographically and become increasingly common in coastal zones.
“Within coastal zones, harmful algal blooms (HABs) have expanded geographically and become increasingly common (Hallegraeff, 2010;Glibert et al., 2014;Gobler et al., 2017).”
From Harmful algal blooms: A climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems (2020) · cites this paper as Gobler et al., 2017
Recent warming has been attributed to more rapid growth and a longer bloom season for multiple toxin-producing HABs.
“Recent warming has been attributed to more rapid growth and a longer bloom season for multiple toxin-producing HABs (Gobler et al., 2017).”
From Harmful algal blooms: A climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems (2020) · cites this paper as Gobler et al., 2017
Ocean warming is changing the ranges in which HABs occur as well as the distribution of aquatic life.
“Ocean warming is changing the ranges in which HABs occur (e.g.Gobler et al., 2017) as well as the distribution of aquatic life (Walther et al., 2002;Harley et al., 2006;Nye et al., 2009).”
From Harmful algal blooms: A climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems (2020) · cites this paper as Gobler et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Gobler, C. J., Doherty, O. M., Hattenrath-Lehmann, T. K., Griffith, A. W., Kang, Y., & Litaker, R. W.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Eagle Rock Analytics, Sacramento, CA 95820;
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gobler, Christopher J.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2017-04-24
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 4975-4980
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC5441705
- OpenAlex
- W2607720425
- Cited by
- 537
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 16
- FWCI
- 25.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Simons Foundation (none)
- DOC | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA11NOS4780027, NA15NOS4780183)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Marine Toxins and Detection Methods
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Keywords
- harmful algal blooms, ocean warming, North Atlantic, North Pacific, toxic algae, Salish Sea, human health threats, climate change
- MeSH terms
- Atlantic Ocean, Dinoflagellida, Eutrophication, Humans, Pacific Ocean, Saxitoxin, Okadaic Acid, Global Warming
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