Calorie restriction and aging: review of the literature and implications for studies in humans
Open accessAbstract
Calorie restriction (CR) extends life span and retards age-related chronic diseases in a variety of species, including rats, mice, fish, flies, worms, and yeast. The mechanism or mechanisms through which this occurs are unclear. CR reduces metabolic rate and oxidative stress, improves insulin sensitivity, and alters neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous system function in animals. Whether prolonged CR increases life span (or improves biomarkers of aging) in humans is unknown. In experiments of nature, humans have been subjected to periods of nonvolitional partial starvation. However, the diets in almost all of these cases have been of poor quality. The absence of adequate information on the effects of good-quality, calorie-restricted diets in nonobese humans reflects the difficulties involved in conducting long-term studies in an environment so conducive to overfeeding. Such studies in free-living persons also raise ethical and methodologic issues. Future studies in nonobese humans should focus on the effects of prolonged CR on metabolic rate, on neuroendocrine adaptations, on diverse biomarkers of aging, and on predictors of chronic age-related diseases.
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Animal experiments show decreased ROS formation under caloric restriction.
“This idea has been evidenced by animal experiments showing decreased ROS formation under caloric restriction (Heilbronn and Ravussin 2003).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Heilbronn and Ravussin 2003
Caloric restriction explains longer lifespan by suppressed metabolic rate as a result of significantly reduced intake of food, which results in decreased rate of free radical damage.
“Caloric restriction idea explains longer lifespan by suppressed metabolic rate as a result of significantly reduced intake of food (Heilbronn and Ravussin 2003), which in turn results in a decreased rate of free radical damage.”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Heilbronn and Ravussin 2003
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Brogi, S., Tabanelli, R., Puca, S., & Calderone, V. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13131960 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Intermittent Fasting: Myths, Fakes and Truth on this Dietary Regimen Approach
Brogi, S., Tabanelli, R., Puca, S., & Calderone, V. (2024) · doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1820.v1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Heilbronn, L. K., & Ravussin, E.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- ORCID
- Heilbronn, Leonie K
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 361-369
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2143730031
- Semantic Scholar
- 94b5b7637a2849e709b66b29b42a52a5fcac7626
- Cited by
- 701
- References
- 172
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (U01AG020478, U01-AG20478)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, aging, lifespan extension, age-related chronic diseases, metabolic rate, oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity, neuroendocrine function, sympathetic nervous system, aging biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Autonomic Nervous System, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Insulin, Longevity, Neurosecretory Systems, Risk, Gene Expression, Oxidative Stress, Caloric Restriction, Mice, Rats
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