CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 713Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchAction Observation and SynchronizationChildren's Physical and Motor Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Movement analysis in infancy may be useful for early diagnosis of autism

Open access
Teitelbaum, Philip, Teitelbaum, Osnat, Nye, Jennifer, Fryman, Joshua, Maurer, Ralph G.·1998·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.23.13982PMC PMC25000
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

All of the 17 autistic children studied in the present paper showed disturbances of movement that with our methods could be detected clearly at the age of 4-6 months, and sometimes even at birth. We used the Eshkol-Wachman Movement Analysis System in combination with still-frame videodisc analysis to study videos obtained from parents of children who had been diagnosed as autistic by conventional methods, usually around 3 years old. The videos showed their behaviors when they were infants, long before they had been diagnosed as autistic. The movement disorders varied from child to child. Disturbances were revealed in the shape of the mouth and in some or all of the milestones of development, including, lying, righting, sitting, crawling, and walking. Our findings support the view that movement disturbances play an intrinsic part in the phenomenon of autism, that they are present at birth, and that they can be used to diagnose the presence of autism in the first few months of life. They indicate the need for the development of methods of therapy to be applied from the first few months of life in autism.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.95.23.13982

Cites

14 of 14 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 15 references

Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. B Rimland Autism Res Rev Int 7, 3 (1993).
  2. T L Kemper, M L Bauman Neurologic Clinics: Behavioral Neurology, ed R A Brumback (Saunders, Philadelphia), pp. 175–187 (1993).
  3. N Eshkol, A Wachman Movement Notation (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1958).
  4. P Casaer Postural Behavior in Newborn Infants (William Heinemann Medical Books, London, 1979).
  5. T Grandin, M Scariano Emergence: Labelled Autistic (Arena, Navato, CA, 1986).

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Teitelbaum, P., Teitelbaum, O., Nye, J., Fryman, J., & Maurer, R. G.
Affiliations
University of Florida Health (US)
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
1998-11-10
Volume
95
Issue
23
Pages
13982-13987
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.95.23.13982
PMC
PMC25000
OpenAlex
W2026088138
Cited by
713
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 35
FWCI
4.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, early diagnosis, movement disorders, developmental milestones, mouth shape, motor development, early intervention
MeSH terms
Autistic Disorder, Humans, Infant, Movement

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review