Atypical patterns of cerebral motor activation in autism: a functional magnetic resonance study
Abstract
Background Early neurodevelopmental pathogenesis in autism potentially affects emerging functional maps, but little imaging evidence is available.Methods We studied eight male autistic and eight matched normal subjects, using functional magnetic resonance imaging during visually paced finger movement, compared to a control condition (visual stimulation in the absence of motor response).Results Groupwise analyses showed activation in contralateral perirolandic cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus, bilateral supplementary motor area, and ipsilateral cerebellum for both groups. However, activations were less pronounced in the autism group. Direct group comparisons demonstrated greater activation in perirolandic and supplementary motor areas in the control group and greater activation (or reduced deactivation) in posterior and prefrontal cortices in the autism group. Intraindividual analyses further showed that strongest activations were consistently located along the contralateral central sulcus in control subjects but occurred in locations differing from individual to individual in the autism group.Conclusions Our findings, though based on a rather small sample, suggest abnormal individual variability of functional maps and less distinct regional activation/deactivation patterns in autism. The observations may relate to known motor impairments in autism and are compatible with the general hypothesis of disturbances of functional differentiation in the autistic cerebrum.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Muller et al. and Mostofsky et al. found concomitant increases in activation within association cortices and posterior cerebellum, suggesting compensatory involvement of neocerebellar and neocortical pathways.
“Muller et al. [201] and Mostofsky et al. [199] found concomitant increases in activation within association cortices and posterior cerebellum suggesting compensatory involvement of neocerebellar and neocortical pathways.”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [201]
Cites
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798 · see citing works
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065 · see citing works
Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain
Laitinen, L. (1989) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(89)90128-5 · Cited by 7,565 · see citing works
Movement‐Related effects in fMRI time‐series
Friston, K. J., Williams, S., Howard, R., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Turner, R. (1996) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910350312 · Cited by 3,774 · see citing works
Spatial registration and normalization of images
Friston, K. J., Ashburner, J., Frith, C., Poline, J.-B., Heather, J. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1995) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460030303 · Cited by 3,744 · see citing works
Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study
Bailey, A., Le Couteur, A., Gottesman, I., Bolton, P., Simonoff, E., Yuzda, E., & Rutter, M. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700028099 · Cited by 2,461 · see citing works
Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)
Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., DeVellis, R. F., & Daly, K. (1980) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02408436 · Cited by 2,432 · see citing works
Happé, F. G. E. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172093 · Cited by 2,352 · see citing works
Common blood flow changes across visual tasks: II. Decreases in cerebral cortex
Shulman, G. L., Fiez, J. A., Corbetta, M., Buckner, R. L., Miezin, F. M., Raichle, M. E., & Petersen, S. E. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.5.648 · Cited by 1,890 · see citing works
Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1997) · Cited by 1,713 · see citing works
Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function
Middleton, F. A., & Strick, P. L. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7939688 · Cited by 1,356 · see citing works
Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: An fMRI study
Baron‐Cohen, S., Ring, H. A., Wheelwright, S., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Simmons, A., & Williams, S. C. R. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00621.x · Cited by 1,320 · see citing works
Detecting activations in PET and fMRI: levels of inference and power
Friston, K. J., Holmes, A., Poline, J.-B., Price, C. J., & Frith, C. D. (1996) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1996.0074 · Cited by 1,148 · see citing works
Malonek, D., & Grinvald, A. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.272.5261.551 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
A clinicopathological study of autism
Bailey, A. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.5.889 · Cited by 1,083 · see citing works
Social Intelligence in the Normal and Autistic Brain: An fMRI Study
Baron‐Cohen, S., RING, H. A., Wheelwright, S. J., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Simmons, A., & Williams, S. (2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3077.003.0028 · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works
Schultz, R. T., Gauthier, I., Klin, A., Fulbright, R. K., Anderson, A. W., Volkmar, F., Skudlarski, P., Lacadie, C., Cohen, D. J., & Gore, J. C. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.4.331 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Motor Cortex: Hemispheric Asymmetry and Handedness
Kim, S., Ashe, J., Hendrich, K. S., Ellermann, J., Merkle, H., Uǧurbil, K., & Georgopoulos, A. P. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8342027 · Cited by 984 · see citing works
Duvernoy, H. M. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6792-2 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
Movement analysis in infancy may be useful for early diagnosis of autism
Teitelbaum, P., Teitelbaum, O., Nye, J., Fryman, J., & Maurer, R. G. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13982 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Impairment in shifting attention in autistic and cerebellar patients.
Courchesne, E., Townsend, J., Akshoomoff, N. A., Saitoh, O., Yeung-Courchesne, R., Lincoln, A. J., James, H. E., Haas, R., Schreibman, L., & Lau, L. (1994) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.108.5.848 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Self-citationImpairment in shifting attention in autistic and cerebellar patients
Courchesne, E., Townsend, J., Akshoomoff, N. A., Saitoh, O., Yeung-Courchesne, R., Lincoln, A. J., James, H. E., Haas, R. H., Schreibman, L., & Lau, L. (1994) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.108.5.848 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing
Schmahmann, J. D. (1996) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1996)4:3 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
‘Theory of mind’ in the brain. Evidence from a PET scan study of Asperger syndrome
Happe, F. G. E., Ehlers, S., Fletcher, P. C., Uta Frith, A., Johansson, M., Gillberg, C., Dolan, R. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. (1996) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199612200-00040 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
The neuroanatomy of autism: a voxel-based whole brain analysis of structural scans
Abell, F., Krams, M., Ashburner, J., Passingham, R., Friston, K., Frackowiak, R., Happé, F., Frith, C., & Frith, U. (1999) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199906030-00005 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Anatomical mapping of functional activation in stereotactic coordinate space.
Evans, A. C., Marrett, S., Neelin, P., Collins, D. L., Worsley, K., Dai, W.-Q., Milot, S., Meyer, E., & Bub, D. (1992) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/1053-8119(92)90006-9 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Brainstem, cerebellar and limbic neuroanatomical abnormalities in autism
Courchesne, E. (1997) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(97)80016-5 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of the brainstem and cerebellum in autistic patients
Hashimoto, T., Tayama, M., Murakawa, K., Yoshimoto, T., Miyazaki, M., Harada, M., & Kuroda, Y. (1995) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02178163 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Linkage-disequilibrium mapping of autistic disorder, with 15q11-13 markers
Cook, E. H., Courchesne, R. Y., Cox, N. J., Lord, C., Gonen, D., Guter, S. J., Lincoln, A., Nix, K., Haas, R., Leventhal, B. L., et al. (1998) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/301832 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Self-citationClumsiness in autism and Asperger syndrome: a further report
Ghaziuddin, M., & Butler, E. E. (1998) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.1998.00065.x · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Inverse correlation between frontal lobe and cerebellum sizes in children with autism
Carper, R. A. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.4.836 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Rapin, I. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199707103370206 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Pietrzyk, U., Herholz, K., Fink, G. R., Jacobs, A., Mielke, R., Slansky, I., Würker, M., & Heiss, W. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Functional MRI cerebral activation and deactivation during finger movement
Allison, J., Meador, K. J., Loring, D. W., Figueroa, R., & Wright, J. C. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.1.135 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Cerebral correlates of preserved cognitive skills in autism
RING, H. A., Baron‐Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. J., Williams, S., Brammer, M. J., Andrew, C., & Bullmore, E. T. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.7.1305 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Potential of Visual Cortex to Develop an Array of Functional Units Unique to Somatosensory Cortex
Schlaggar, B. L., & O’Leary, D. D. M. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2047863 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Gait Disturbances in Patients With Autistic Behavior
Vilensky, J. A. (1981) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1981.00510100074013 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Genetics of Autism: Overview and New Directions
Szatmari, P., Jones, M. B., Zwaigenbaum, L., & MacLean, J. E. (1998) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1026096203946 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Frequency-Dependent Changes of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during Finger Movements
Sadato, N., Ibañez, V., Deiber, M., Campbell, G., Leonardo, M., & Hallett, M. (1996) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-199601000-00003 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Correction of off resonance‐related distortion in echo‐planar imaging using EPI‐based field maps
Reber, P. J., Wong, E. C., Buxton, R. B., & Frank, L. R. (1998) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910390223 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Motor imitation abilities and neurological signs in autistic children
Jones, V., & Prior, M. R. (1985) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01837897 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Parietal lobe abnormalities detected with MR in patients with infantile autism.
Courchesne, E., Press, G. A., & Yeung-Courchesne, R. (1993) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.160.2.8424359 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationHallett, M., Lebiedowska, M. K., Thomas, S. L., Stanhope, S. J., Denckla, M. B., & Rumsey, J. (1993) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540120019007 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Etiology of infantile autism: a review of recent advances in genetic and neurobiological research.
Trottier, G., Srivastava, L. K., & Walker, C. D. (1999) · PubMed Central · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Brain Mapping of Language and Auditory Perception in High-Functioning Autistic Adults: A PET Study
Müller, R., Behen, M. E., Rothermel, R. D., Chugani, D. C., Muzik, O., Mangner, T. J., & Chugani, H. T. (1999) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1025914515203 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Development of a Theory of Mind in Autism: Deviance and Delay?
Baron‐Cohen, S. (1991) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(18)30323-x · Cited by 196 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Infantile Autism
Ciaranello, A. L., & Ciaranello, R. D. (1995) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.000533 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Specification of Neocortical Areas and Thalamocortical Connections
O’Leary, D. D. M., Schlaggar, B. L., & Tuttle, R. (1994) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.17.030194.002223 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Visual attention abnormalities in autism: delayed orienting to location
Townsend, J., Harris, N. S., & Courchesne, E. (1996) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617700001715 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationBlinkenberg, M., Bonde, C., Holm, S., Svarer, C., Andersen, J., Paulson, O. B., & Law, I. G. (1996) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-199609000-00004 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
The changing nervous system : neurobehavioral consequences of early brain disorders
Broman, S. H., & Fletcher, J. M. (1999) · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Rémy, P., Zilbovicius, M., Leroy‐Willig, A., Syrota, A., & Samson, Y. (1994) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410360107 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Cook, E. H. (2001) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30061-0 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Müller, R.-A., Chugani, D. C., Behen, M. E., Rothermel, R. D., Muzik, O., Chakraborty, P. K., & Chugani, H. T. (1998) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00151-7 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic resonance imaging of the posterior fossa in autism
Holttum, J. R., Minshew, N. J., Sanders, R. S., & Phillips, N. E. (1992) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Parietal Damage and Narrow “Spotlight” Spatial Attention
Townsend, J., & Courchesne, E. (1994) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1994.6.3.220 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurologic Abnormalities in Infantile Autism
Haas, R., Townsend, J., Courchesne, E., Lincoln, A. J., Schreibman, L., & Yeung-Courchesne, R. (1996) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/088307389601100204 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationDeb, S. S., & Thompson, B. (1998) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.173.4.299 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Functional MRI of the human motor cortex using single-shot, multiple gradient-echo spiral imaging
Barth, M., Metzler, A., Klarhöfer, M., et al. (1999) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/s0730-725x(99)00087-9 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
From impasse to insight in autism research: From behavioral symptoms to biological explanations
Yeung-Courchesne, R., & Courchesne, E. (1997) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579497002101 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citation(1999) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195121933.001.0001 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Müller, R., & Courchesne, E. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511470998.027 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Behavioral manifestations of autism in the first year of life
Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Rogers, T., Roberts, W., Brian, J., & Szatmari, P. (2005) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001 · Cited by 1,602 · see citing works
Autism and Abnormal Development of Brain Connectivity: Figure 1.
Belmonte, M. K., Allen, G., Beckel-Mitchener, A., Boulanger, L. M., Carper, R. A., & Webb, S. J. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3340-04.2004 · Cited by 1,217 · see citing works
Self-citationFace processing occurs outside the fusiform ‘face area’ in autism: evidence from functional MRI
Pierce, K. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.10.2059 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluating the theory of executive dysfunction in autism
Hill, E. L. (2004) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2004.01.001 · Cited by 846 · see citing works
Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism
Fatemi, S. H., Aldinger, K. A., Ashwood, P., Bauman, M. L., Blaha, C. D., Blatt, G. J., Chauhan, A., Chauhan, V., Dager, S. R., Dickson, P. E., et al. (2012) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-012-0355-9 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Autism and pervasive developmental disorders
Volkmar, F. R., Lord, C., Bailey, A., Schultz, R. T., & Klin, A. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00317.x · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Corbett, B. A., Constantine, L. J., Hendren, R., Rocke, D., & Ozonoff, S. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.02.005 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Cerebral Lobes in Autism: Early Hyperplasia and Abnormal Age Effects
Carper, R. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1099 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Failing to deactivate: Resting functional abnormalities in autism
Kennedy, D. P., Redcay, E., & Courchesne, E. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0600674103 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Self-citationDecreased connectivity and cerebellar activity in autism during motor task performance
Mostofsky, S. H., Powell, S. K., Simmonds, D. J., Goldberg, M. C., Caffo, B., & Pekar, J. J. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp088 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
The idiosyncratic brain: distortion of spontaneous connectivity patterns in autism spectrum disorder
Hahamy, A., Behrmann, M., & Malach, R. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3919 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
The intense world syndrome-an alternative hypothesis for autism
Markram, H. (2007) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.01.1.1.006.2007 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Villalobos, M. E., Mizuno, A., Dahl, B. C., Kemmotsu, N., & Müller, R.-A. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.022 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Functional anatomy of impaired selective attention and compensatory processing in autism
Belmonte, M. K., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. A. (2003) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(03)00189-7 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
The implications of brain connectivity in the neuropsychology of autism
Maximo, J. O., Cadena, E. J., & Kana, R. K. (2014) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-014-9250-0 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Ecker, C. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1251 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
White, S. W., Mazefsky, C. A., Dichter, G. S., Chiu, P. H., Richey, J. A., & Ollendick, T. H. (2014) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.05.012 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of autism spectrum disorders
Dichter, G. S. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.3/gdichter · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Atypically diffuse functional connectivity between caudate nuclei and cerebral cortex in autism
Turner, K. C., Frost, L., Linsenbardt, D., McIlroy, J. R., & Müller, R.-A. (2006) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-34 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationPartially enhanced thalamocortical functional connectivity in autism
Mizuno, A., Villalobos, M. E., Davies, M. M., Dahl, B. C., & Müller, R.-A. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.064 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationCOURCHESNE, E., REDCAY, E., MORGAN, J. T., & KENNEDY, D. P. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050285 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationAtypical involvement of frontostriatal systems during sensorimotor control in autism
Takarae, Y., Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., & Sweeney, J. A. (2007) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.03.008 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Abnormal early brain development in autism
Courchesne, E. (2002) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001169 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of cerebellar circuitry alterations in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders
Mosconi, M. W., Wang, Z., Schmitt, L. M., Tsai, P., & Sweeney, J. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00296 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Abnormal activity patterns in premotor cortex during sequence learning in autistic patients
Müller, R.-A., Cauich, C., Rubio, M. A., Mizuno, A., & Courchesne, E. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.007 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationPantelis, P. C., Byrge, L., Tyszka, J. M., Adolphs, R., & Kennedy, D. P. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv021 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Altered morphology of motor cortex neurons in the VPA rat model of autism
Snow, W. M., Hartle, K., & Ivanco, T. L. (2008) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20337 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The mouse Engrailed genes: A window into autism
KUEMERLE, B., GULDEN, F., CHEROSKY, N., WILLIAMS, E., & HERRUP, K. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.09.009 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Hirjak, D., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Fritze, S., Sambataro, F., Kubera, K. M., & Wolf, R. C. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.009 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Heterogeneous association between engrailed‐2 and autism in the CPEA network
Brune, C. W., Korvatska, E., Allen‐Brady, K., Cook, E. H., Dawson, G., Devlin, B., Estes, A., Hennelly, M., Hyman, S. L., McMahon, W. M., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30585 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
An update on the neurobiology of repetitive behaviors in autism
Yerys, B. E. (2015) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/bs.irrdd.2015.06.006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Müller, R.-A., Pierce, K., Ambrose, J. B., Allen, G., & Courchesne, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- San Diego State University (US)
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 665-676
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2075402838
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH036840)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, motor cortex activation, finger movement, supplementary motor area, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, interindividual variability, functional maps, central sulcus, motor impairment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Autistic Disorder, Brain Mapping, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motor Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
