Head Lag in Infants at Risk for Autism: A Preliminary Study
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Poor postural control during pull-to-sit is a predictor of developmental disruption in cerebral palsy and preterm populations but has not been examined in infants at risk for autism. We examined the association between head lag during pull-to-sit at age 6 mo and autism risk status. METHOD. High-risk participants were siblings of children with autism. We studied one sample of 40 high-risk infants prospectively from 6–36 mo and obtained diagnostic classifications of autism or no autism. We conducted a subsequent between-group comparison with a new sample of 20 high-risk and 21 low-risk infants. RESULTS. Head lag was significantly associated with autism spectrum disorder at 36 mo ( p = .020) and was more frequently observed in high-risk than in low-risk infants ( p = .018). CONCLUSION. Head lag with other alterations in early development may be associated with autism risk and may serve as an early indicator of neurodevelopmental disruption. Results have clinical implications for occupational therapists in early intervention practice.
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Six-month-old Sib-A show more prominent head lag when lifted.
“Six-month-old Sib-A showed more prominent head lag when lifted (Flanagan, Landa, Bhat, & Bauman, 2012)”
From From early markers to neuro-developmental mechanisms of autism (2014) · cites this paper as Flanagan, Landa, Bhat, & Bauman, 2012
Reduced motor control, as indexed by persistent head lag at 6 months of age, may be characteristic of high-risk infants later diagnosed with ASD.
“Reduced motor control, as indexed by persistent head lag at 6 months of age, may be characteristic of high-risk infants later diagnosed with ASD [13].”
From Behavioral, cognitive, and adaptive development in infants with autism spectrum disorder in the first 2 years of life (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
Our findings are consistent with reports of subtle motor differences at 6-7 months with respect to head control, lower activity level, and saccadic reaction times among infants who go on to develop ASD.
“Our findings are consistent with reports of subtle motor differences at 6–7 months with respect to head control [13], lower activity level [52], and saccadic reaction times [9] among infants who go on to develop ASD.”
From Behavioral, cognitive, and adaptive development in infants with autism spectrum disorder in the first 2 years of life (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Flanagan, J. E., Landa, R., Bhat, A., & Bauman, M.
- Affiliations
- Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Landa, Rebecca
- Venue
- American Journal of Occupational Therapy
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 577-585
- ISSN
- 0272-9490 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-7676
- OpenAlex
- W1995792946
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Occupational Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH59630, R01MH059630)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, autism risk, siblings of autistic children, postural control, neurodevelopmental disruption, early intervention, infants
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child Development, Female, Head, Humans, Infant, Male, Posture, Prospective Studies, Risk, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Siblings
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