“I Hate Everything About You”: A Qualitative Examination of Cyberbullying and On-Line Aggression in a College Sample
Abstract
Due to highly innovative technologies such as the smart phone, cyberbullying and on-line aggression have increasingly affected individuals across the world. In this study, a broad symbolic interactionist approach is used to study both cyberbullying and on-line aggression. Cyberbullying is defined as repeated unwanted, hurtful, harassing, and/or threatening interaction through electronic communication media. On-line aggression is defined as hurtful, harassing, and/or threatening behavior that is not repeated. Undergraduate students at a Midwestern university (N = 221) were surveyed to determine the extent and nature of their cyberbullying and on-line aggression experiences. By using open ended questions to inquire about respondents' personal experiences with cyberbullying and on-line aggression, we identified three motivations for these acts, which included cyber sanctioning, power struggles, and entertainment.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Self-esteem is positively related to online social support.
“empirical studies also found a positive relationship between the two variables [87, 88].”
From How social media usage affects psychological and subjective well-being: testing a moderated mediation model (2023) · cites this paper as [88]
Cites
Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach
Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781439817803-12 · Cited by 9,859 · see citing works
Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach
Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094589 · Cited by 8,856 · see citing works
Mead, G. H., & Morris, C. W. (1967) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226516608.001.0001 · Cited by 4,894 · see citing works
Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes
Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995) · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226206851.001.0001 · Cited by 4,204 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x · Cited by 3,639 · see citing works
Mind, Self and Society. From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist.
M., A. E., Mead, G. H., & Morris, C. W. (1935) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2016046 · Cited by 1,798 · see citing works
Bullies Move Beyond the Schoolyard: A Preliminary Look at Cyberbullying
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2006) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204006286288 · Cited by 1,701 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2008) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639620701457816 · Cited by 1,497 · see citing works
Extending the school grounds?—Bullying experiences in cyberspace
Juvonen, J., & Gross, E. F. (2008) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00335.x · Cited by 1,408 · see citing works
Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: a comparison of associated youth characteristics
Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00328.x · Cited by 1,313 · see citing works
Symbolic Interactionism: An Introduction, an Interpretation, an Integration
Fontana, A., & Charon, J. M. (1989) · Teaching Sociology · doi:10.2307/1318438 · Cited by 1,060 · see citing works
Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents.
Raskauskas, J., & Stoltz, A. D. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.564 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Black, D. (1983) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095143 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
Li, Q. (2006) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034306064547 · Cited by 953 · see citing works
Peer involvement in bullying: insights and challenges for intervention
O'CONNELL, P., Pepler, D. J., & Craig, W. (1999) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.1999.0238 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Shame and conformity: the deference emotion system.
Scheff, T. J. (1988) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095647 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Cyber-Harassment: A Study of a New Method for an Old Behavior
Li, T. B. Q. (2005) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/8yqm-b04h-pg4d-bllh · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Defining Cyberbullying: A Qualitative Research into the Perceptions of Youngsters
Vandebosch, H., & Van Cleemput, K. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0042 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Ongoing and online: Children and youth's perceptions of cyber bullying
Mishna, F., Saini, M., & Solomon, S. (2009) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.05.004 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444809341260 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
A Survey of Online Harassment at a University Campus
Finn, J. (2004) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260503262083 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Bullying Victimization and Adolescent Self-Harm: Testing Hypotheses from General Strain Theory
Hay, C., & Meldrum, R. C. (2010) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9502-0 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Examining the Applicability of Lifestyle-Routine Activities Theory for Cybercrime Victimization
Holt, T., & Bossler, A. M. (2008) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639620701876577 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: the new face of workplace bullying?
Privitera, C., & Campbell, M. A. (2009) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2009.0025 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Symbolic Interactionism: An Introduction, An Interpretation, An Integration.
Maines, D. R., & Charon, J. M. (1981) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2067413 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Psychological Needs as a Predictor of Cyber Bullying: A Preliminary Report on College Students
Dilmaç, B. (2009) · Educational Sciences Theory & Practice · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Sheridan, L. P., & Grant, T. (2007) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/10683160701340528 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
The Rhetorical Dynamics of Gender Harassment On-Line
Herring, S. C. (1999) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/019722499128466 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Bhat, C. S. (2008) · Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1375/ajgc.18.1.53 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Marcum, C. D., Higgins, G. E., & Ricketts, M. L. (2010) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639620903004903 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Are blogs putting youth at risk for online sexual solicitation or harassment?
Mitchell, K. J., Wolak, J., & David Finkelhor, B. (2008) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.04.015 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Who gets bullied? The effect of school, gender and ethnic group
Siann, G., Callaghan, M., Glissov, P., Lockhart, R., & Rawson, L. (1994) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/0013188940360202 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Reading Romance: The Impact Facebook Rituals Can Have On A Romantic Relationship
Mod, G. B. B. A. (1970) · Journal of Comparative Research in Antropology & Sociology · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Brief report: Text bullying and traditional bullying among New Zealand secondary school students
Marsh, L., McGee, R. O., Nada‐Raja, S., & Williams, S. (2009) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.06.001 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Ahmed, E. (2008) · Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/17450120802002548 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Policing and Cybersociety: The Maturation of Regulation within an Online Community
Williams, M. L. (2007) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439460601124858 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Symbolic Interactionism: Genesis, Varieties and Criticisms
Salaman, G. (1976) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/003803857601000327 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
examining the informal sanctioning of deviance in a chat room culture
Evans, R. D. (2001) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639620151096056 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cyberbullying Via Social Media
Whittaker, E., & Kowalski, R. M. (2015) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2014.949377 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Cyberbullying, Depression, and Problem Alcohol Use in Female College Students: A Multisite Study
Selkie, E. M., Kota, R., Chan, Y.-F., & Moreno, M. A. (2015) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0371 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Cyberbullying in higher education: A literature review
Watts, L., Wagner, J., Velasquez, B. J., & Behrens, P. I. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.038 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: A concept analysis of defining attributes and additional influencing factors
Peter, I.-K., & Petermann, F. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.013 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Gahagan, K., Vaterlaus, J. M., & Frost, L. R. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.019 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Jenaro, C., Flores, N., & Frías, C. P. (2018) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2017.12.003 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Peluchette, J. V., Karl, K. A., Wood, C., & Williams, J. S. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.028 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Multimodal Classification of Moderated Online Pro-Eating Disorder Content
Chancellor, S., Kalantidis, Y., Pater, J. A., Choudhury, M. D., & Shamma, D. A. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025985 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Motives Behind Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Test of Uses and Gratifications Theory
Tanrıkulu, İ., & Erdur‐Baker, Ö. (2019) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260518819882 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Zhang, C., Tang, L., & Liu, Z. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01311-2 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Rudnicki, K., Vandebosch, H., Voué, P., & Poels, K. (2022) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2022.2027013 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
"This Post Will Just Get Taken Down"
Chancellor, S., Lin, Z. J., & Choudhury, M. D. (2016) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2858036.2858248 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Disentangling functions of online aggression: The Cyber‐Aggression Typology Questionnaire (CATQ)
Runions, K., Bak, M., & Shaw, T. (2016) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21663 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Gulzar, M. A., Ahmad, M., Hassan, M., & Rasheed, M. I. (2021) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2021.1917660 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Japutra, A., Ekinci, Y., & Simkin, L. (2022) · Journal of business research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.020 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Kaur, M., & Saini, M. (2022) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11168-4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Lee, J. M., Hong, J. S., Yoon, J. S., Peguero, A. A., & Seok, H. J. (2017) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2016.1269568 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Ferenczi, N., Marshall, T. C., & Bejanyan, K. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.033 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cho, Y., & Yoo, J.-W. (2017) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2016.1228998 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Cyberbullying Victimization among High School and University Students in Ghana
Sam, D. L., Bruce, D., Agyemang, C. B., Amponsah, B., & Arkorful, H. (2018) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2018.1493369 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Sexual cyberbullying: Review, critique, & future directions
Ehman, A. C., & Gross, A. M. (2018) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.11.001 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Upaya Pencegahan Kasus Cyberbullying bagi Remaja Pengguna Media Sosial di Indonesia
Syah, R., & Hermawati, I. (2018) · Jurnal Penelitian Kesejahteraan Sosial · doi:10.31105/jpks.v17i2.1473 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Lee, E. B. (2016) · Journal of Black Studies · doi:10.1177/0021934716678393 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Choi, J. S., & Park, M. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.14843 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Simão, A. M. V., Ferreira, P. C., Francisco, S. M., Paulino, P., & de Souza, S. B. (2018) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444818784870 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Cho, S., Lee, H., Peguero, A. A., & Park, S.-M. (2019) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.03.044 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Examining the roles young people fulfill in five types of cyber bullying
Betts, L. R., Gkimitzoudis, A., Spenser, K. A., & Baguley, T. S. (2016) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407516668585 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
CYBERBULLYING IN JAPAN: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
Udris, R. (2015) · International Journal of Cyber Society and Education · doi:10.7903/ijcse.1382 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Comparing factors related to school-bullying and cyber-bullying
Tzani, C., Ιωάννου, Μ., Synnott, J., & Ashton, S. (2018) · Crime Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/23744006.2018.1474029 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hussain, Z., Kırcaburun, K., Savcı, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023) · Journal of Concurrent Disorders · doi:10.54127/aojw5819 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Weber, M., Viehmann, C., & Schnauber-Stockmann, A. (2018) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2018.1431183 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Understanding Adolescents’ Bystander Intervention in Cyberbullying
Beavon, E., Jenkins, L. N., Bradley, M., & Verma, K. (2022) · Contemporary School Psychology · doi:10.1007/s40688-022-00437-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Won, D., Bang, H., Davis, L., & Park, S. (2023) · Asia Pacific Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/02188791.2023.2243650 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Neely, A. D., & Marone, V. (2016) · Learning Culture and Social Interaction · doi:10.1016/j.lcsi.2016.05.002 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tolerable Deviance and How it Applies to Cyberbullying
Harper, M.-G. (2017) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2017.1411023 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Online Academic Incivility Among Adult Learners
Campbell, L. O., Jones, J. L. T., & Lambie, G. W. (2020) · Adult Learning · doi:10.1177/1045159520916489 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Management of Cyberbullying: A Qualitative Exploratory Case Study of a Nigerian University
Ifon, J. C. (2022) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-022-00124-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Woo, W. H., Chua, H. N., & Gan, M. F. (2023) · International Journal on Perceptive and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.31436/ijpcc.v9i1.374 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cyber-aggression and Problematic Behavior in Adolescence: Is There Connection?
Антипина, С. С., Владимировна, Б. Е., & Miklyaeva, A. V. (2019) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37858-5_54 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chu, X., & Xie, R. (2022) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2021.2011480 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
RODOP, Ş., YILDIRIM, S., Dikmen‐Yildiz, P., & HANİF, A. G. (2022) · Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.899396 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Al-Menayes, J. J. (2017) · Social Networking · doi:10.4236/sn.2017.63014 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cyber victimization in adolescence: A qualitative study
Yurdakul, Y., & Ayhan, A. B. (2021) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106139 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Syahid, A., Sudana, D., & Bachari, A. D. (2022) · Semantik · doi:10.22460/semantik.v11i1.p17-32 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Syahid, A., Sudana, D., & Bachari, A. D. (2023) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.17507/tpls.1308.09 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
An introduction to cyberbullying
Macaulay, P. J. R., Betts, L. R., Stiller, J., & Këllezi, B. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90570-1.00002-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A Longitudinal Study of Iranian Fans’ Cyberbullying: The Utility of Social Learning Theory
Shadmanfaat, S. M., Kabiri, S., Smith, H. P., & Cochran, J. K. (2019) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2019.1637996 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Autry, A. L. (2016) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gupta, S., Soohinda, G. S., Sampath, H., & Dutta, S. (2023) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_40_23 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Italian adolescents’ experience of unwanted online attentions: Recognizing and defining behaviours
Fazio, L. D., Krause, A., & Sgarbi, C. (2018) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/1477370818819689 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ju, B., & Pak, S. (2024) · Cross Cultural & Strategic Management · doi:10.1108/ccsm-03-2022-0052 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Azizi, P. D., Japutra, A., Arango, L., & Kim, J. (2024) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-12-2023-4888 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Self and the ‘Selfie’: Cyber-Bullying Theory and the Structure of Late Modernity
Alvi, S., Downing, S., & Cesaroni, C. (2015) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1530-353520150000009016 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Preventing cyberbullying through ICT-centric education: a case study
Said-Hung, E. M., Prieto, E. G., & Piquer, M. P. (2021) · Technology Pedagogy and Education · doi:10.1080/1475939x.2021.1908415 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cartwright, B. (2016) · IEEE International Conference on Cybercrime and Computer Forensic (ICCCF) · doi:10.1109/icccf.2016.7740430 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kim, S., Ahn, S.-K., Yang, E. S., Kim, S., & Chung, I.-J. (2026) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2026.2647023 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Aggressive behavior and social status: An experimental test of the general aggression model
Becher, L., Mehlkop, G., & Sattler, S. (2025) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103224 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Górka, M. (2018) · EUREKA Social and Humanities · doi:10.21303/2504-5571.2018.00531 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Towards a harm-based framework to evaluate Cyberhate
Omidosu, J., & Kyobe, M. E. (2021) · Conference on Information Communications Technology and Society (ICTAS) · doi:10.1109/ictas50802.2021.9395008 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cyber-Bullies as Cyborg-Bullies
Bertolotti, T., Arfini, S., & Magnani, L. (2018) · Advances in information security, privacy, and ethics book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-5094-5.ch004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kaya, B., & Önder, F. C. (2022) · Humanistic Perspective · doi:10.47793/hp.1143663 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fox, J. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520536.003.0011 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Betts, L. R. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-50009-0_2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A Study on Adult’s Cyberviolence
전대성, & 김동욱 (2016) · 한국자치행정학보 · doi:10.18398/kjlgas.2016.30.3.25 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Spletno nadlegovanje v šolah z vidika spola
Brečko, B. (2019) · Šolsko polje · doi:10.32320/1581-6044.30(3-4)113-130 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Use of Social Media and Depression in First-Year Undergraduate Students during COVID-19 Lockdown
Kong, K. (2022) · Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education · doi:10.21315/apjee2021.36.2.3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
ÇEVRİMİÇİ TROL DAVRANIŞ ÖLÇEĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Kızıltepe, F., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2023) · Mehmet Akif Ersoy üniversitesi eğitim fakültesi dergisi. · doi:10.21764/maeuefd.1162631 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Examination of cyber aggression by adult consumers: ethical framework and drivers
Han, M., & Vasquez, A. Z. (2019) · Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society · doi:10.1108/jices-09-2019-0106 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cyber-Bullies as Cyborg-Bullies
Bertolotti, T., & Magnani, L. (2015) · International Journal of Technoethics · doi:10.4018/ijt.2015010103 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bowman, N. D., Banks, J., & Downs, E. (2015) · doi:10.1515/9783110473858-014 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Qiu, S., Fan, J., & Huang, N. (2022) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2022.2066339 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Unique Nature of Cyberbullying
Betts, L. R. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-50009-0_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Developmental aspects (including cyberbullying)
Mestre‐Bach, G., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., & Potenza, M. N. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822201-0.00007-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
COVID-19 and Haters — A User Model Perspective
Mehrotra, S., Squicciarini, A., Serra, E., & Karimi, Y. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA) · doi:10.1109/dsaa54385.2022.10032363 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Behavioural Characteristics and Cyberbullying Profiles Among Malaysian Youngsters
Anwar, R. M., Din, M. M., Bakar, A. A., Latif, A. A., & Rahim, F. A. (2022) · International Visualization, Informatics and Technology Conference (IVIT) · doi:10.1109/ivit55443.2022.10033408 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ehman, A. C. (2016) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Helm, B., Ven, T. V., & Welser, H. T. (2019) · Advances in human and social aspects of technology book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-1063-6.ch004 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Cyberbullying Scale for Newly Graduated Nurses
Kim, E., & Kim, N.-R. (2021) · Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration · doi:10.11111/jkana.2021.27.4.282 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Relva, I. C., Simões, M., & Monteiro, A. P. (2022) · Advances in social networking and online communities book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-5426-8.ch010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chan, K. H. (2017) · HKBU Institutional Repository (Hong Kong Baptist University)
Prevalencia, motivaciones y respuestas afectivas del ciberacoso en la red social anónima Curious Cat
Serrano, A. R., & Catalán, S. G. (2018) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Quimby, H. M. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21902-4_30
The Gamer's Mindset: A Retrospective Study Exploring Young Adult Males' Online Gaming Experiences
Kaye, L. S. (2019) · HARVEST (University of Saskatchewan)
A Holistic Survey on Cyberbullying
Wang, Y. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68127-2_221-1
Durak, H. Y., Kıdıman, E., Şenel, S., & Özüdoğru, G. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06294-w
Byrne, V. L., & Hollingsworth, J. D. (2025) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-2024-0136
Motivation for cyberhate among Ukrainian youth
Levin, J., Neri, N. C., Khadzhyradieva, S., Todorova, M., & Retelsdorf, J. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2026.109181
- Authors
- Rafferty, R., & Vander Ven, T.
- Affiliations
- Ohio University (US)
- a Ohio University , Athens , Ohio , USA
- Venue
- Deviant Behavior
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-01-14
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 364-377
- ISSN
- 0163-9625 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-0456
- OpenAlex
- W2081600194
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 13.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Deviant Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, online aggression, symbolic interactionism, power struggles, entertainment, undergraduate students, electronic communication media, harassment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
