Defining Cyberbullying: A Qualitative Research into the Perceptions of Youngsters
Abstract
Data from 53 focus groups, which involved students from 10 to 18 years old, show that youngsters often interpret “cyberbullying” as “Internet bullying” and associate the phenomenon with a wide range of practices. In order to be considered “true” cyberbullying, these practices must meet several criteria. They should be intended to hurt (by the perpetrator) and perceived as hurtful (by the victim); be part of a repetitive pattern of negative offline or online actions; and be performed in a relationship characterized by a power imbalance (based on “real-life” power criteria, such as physical strength or age, and/or on ICT-related criteria such as technological know-how and anonymity).
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At a descriptive level young people equated cyberbullying with 'bullying via the Internet'.
“At a descriptive level young people equated cyberbullying with”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008
Three studies were judged to be less valuable because of a lack of clarity across the CASP domains, particularly with regard to research methods.
“Three studies were judged to be less valuable because of a lack of clarity across the CASP domains, particularly with regard to research methods (Burnham & Wright, 2012;Smith et al., 2008;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008
Anonymous acts can make it difficult for a victim to determine a perpetrator's identity.
“However, anonymous acts can make it difficult for a victim to determine a perpetrator's identity (Mishna et al., 2009;Nocentini et al., 2010;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008
Knowing the identity of the individual behind a cyberbullying act made it possible to put the action into perspective and react accordingly.
“It was suggested that knowing the identity of the individual behind a cyberbullying act “made it possible to put the action into perspective…and to react accordingly” (Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008, p. 502).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008
There is a large overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, with victims sometimes targets of both.
“A large overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying was noted, with victims sometimes targets of both (Jacobs et al., 2015;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008
Persons perceived as more powerful in real life and therefore unlikely to be victims of bullying in the physical world were the target of cyber-attacks.
“A Belgian study outlined that “in some instances, persons who were perceived as more powerful in real life” and therefore, unlikely to be victims of bullying in the physical world, “were the target of cyber-attacks” (Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008, p. 502).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008
Young people who perpetrated cyberbullying explained that they had mostly operated anonymously or disguised themselves and that their victims were often people they also knew in the real world.
“Young people in a Belgian study who perpetrated cyberbullying explained that “they had mostly operated anonymously or disguised themselves and that their victims were often people they also knew in the real world” (Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008, p. 501).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008
Peter and Petermann's understanding of victim perception is largely based on findings from qualitative studies with young people, one of which is included in this meta-ethnography.
“It should be noted that their understanding of this attribute is largely based on findings from qualitative studies with young people (Ševčíková, Šmahel, & Otavová, 2012;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008), one of which is included in this meta-ethnography (Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008
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Myers, C., & Cowie, H. (2017) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022116684208 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Towards understanding cyberbullying behavior in a semi-anonymous social network
Hosseinmardi, H., Ghasemian, A., Han, R. Y., Lv, Q., & Mishra, S. (2014) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) · doi:10.1109/asonam.2014.6921591 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Children’s perspectives on cyberbullying: Insights based on participatory research
Baas, N., de Jong, M. D. T., & Drossaert, C. H. C. (2013) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0079 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Money and age in schools: Bullying and power imbalances
Chaux, E., & Castellanos, M. (2014) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21558 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Menin, D., Guarini, A., Mameli, C., Skrzypiec, G., & Brighi, A. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100221 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
DeSmet, A., Bastiaensens, S., Katrien, V. C., Poels, K., Vandebosch, H., & Ilse, D. B. (2012) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-121-2-58 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationVranješ, I., Baillien, E., Vandebosch, H., Erreygers, S., & Witte, H. D. (2017) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2017.1363185 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding and defining bullying – adolescents’ own views
Hellström, L., Persson, L. J. P., & Hagquist, C. (2015) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/2049-3258-73-4 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
- Authors
- Vandebosch, H., & Van Cleemput, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerpn, Belgium.
- ORCID
- Vandebosch, Heidi
- Venue
- CyberPsychology & Behavior
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-07-20
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 499-503
- ISSN
- 1094-9313 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8364
- OpenAlex
- W2115727255
- Cited by
- 663
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 18.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- CyberPsychology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, definition of cyberbullying, adolescents' perceptions, power imbalance, anonymity, online harassment, victimization
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Aggression, Child, Psychology, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Terminology as Topic, Psychology, Social, Reference Values, Social Perception, Focus Groups, Internet, Cell Phone
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