Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender and frequent and risky usage of internet-mediated communication tools
Open accessAbstract
This study examined the relationships between cyber and traditional bullying experiences regarding gender differences. Also, the contributions of frequent and risky usage of internet to cyberbullying experiences were examined. The participants were 276 adolescents (123 females, 151 males and 2 unknown) ranging in age from 14 to 18 years. The results revealed that 32 percent of the students were victims of both cyber and traditional bullying, while 26 percent of the students bullied others in both cyber and physical environments. Compared to female students, male students were more likely to be bullies and victims in both physical and cyber-environments.The multivariate statistical analysis indicated that cyber and traditional bullying were related for male students but not for female students. Moreover, the multiple regression analysis revealed that both frequent and risky usage of internet account for a significant variance of cyberbullying but their contributions differ based on genders.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There is a high correlation between traditional bullying and cyberbullying.
“While there is a high correlation between traditional bullying and cyberbullying28,45,46, marked differences exist between the two.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [45]
Cites
Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-1080 · Cited by 4,755 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying?
SLONJE, R., & SMITH, P. K. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00611.x · Cited by 1,844 · see citing works
Bullies Move Beyond the Schoolyard: A Preliminary Look at Cyberbullying
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2006) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204006286288 · Cited by 1,701 · see citing works
Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.017 · Cited by 1,580 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2008) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639620701457816 · Cited by 1,497 · see citing works
Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: a comparison of associated youth characteristics
Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00328.x · Cited by 1,313 · see citing works
Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents.
Raskauskas, J., & Stoltz, A. D. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.564 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools
Li, Q. (2005) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2005.10.005 · Cited by 978 · see citing works
Li, Q. (2006) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034306064547 · Cited by 953 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: bullying in the digital age
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.50-1536 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P. J. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.004 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Cyber-Harassment: A Study of a New Method for an Old Behavior
Li, T. B. Q. (2005) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/8yqm-b04h-pg4d-bllh · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K. J., Wolak, J., & David Finkelhor, B. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0815 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Ben-Artzi, E. (2003) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(02)00014-6 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Eurasian Journal of Educational Research
(2015) · Eurasian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.14689/ejer.2015 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Examination of Cyberbullying Experiences among Turkish Students from Different School Types
Topçu, Ç., Erdur‐Baker, Ö., & Aydın, Y. Ç. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0161 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Self-citationCyber-Bullying: Creating a Culture of Respect in a Cyber World
Keith, S. J., & Martin, M. E. (2005) · Reclaiming Children and Youth · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Henderson, S., & Gilding, M. (2004) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/146144804044331 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Internet Prevention Messages: Targeting the Right Online Behaviors
Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D., & Wolak, J. (2007) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.2.138 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Emerging Risks of Violence in the Digital Age
Berson, I. R., Berson, M. J., & Ferron, J. M. (2002) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1300/j202v01n02_04 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Factors Influencing Adolescents Engagement in Risky Internet Behavior
Liau, A. K., Khoo, A., & Ang, P. H. (2005) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2005.8.513 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Children's Positive and Negative Experiences With the Internet
Valkenburg, P. M., & Soeters, K. E. (2001) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/009365001028005004 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Bullying in Schools: A Plea for Measure of Human Rights
Greene, M. B. (2006) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2006.00439.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Bullying in the Digital Age
Pridgen, B. C. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000314059.89413.f7 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Voelkl, K. E., & Gerber, S. B. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3090-6 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Surf and Turf Wars Online—Growing Implications of Internet Gang Violence
King, J. E., Walpole, C. E., & Lamon, K. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.001 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Beyond the schoolyard: examining electronic bullying among Canadian youth
Stys, Y. (2005) · doi:10.22215/etd/2005-07760 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Current Research Knowledge About Adolescent Victimization via the Internet
Wolak, J., Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K. J., et al. (2007) · American Academy of Pediatrics eBooks · doi:10.1542/9781581104097-part02-current · Cited by 18 · see citing works
FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOLESCENTS
Manganye, H. T. (1994) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035618 · Cited by 3,266 · see citing works
Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2016) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439314567449 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Chen, L., Ho, S. S., & Lwin, M. O. (2017) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444816634037 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
A meta‐analysis of sex differences in cyber‐bullying behavior: The moderating role of age
Barlett, C., & Coyne, S. M. (2014) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21555 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Cyberbullying definition among adolescents: A comparison across six European countries
Menesini, E., Nocentini, A., Palladino, B. E., Frisén, A., Berne, S., Ortega-Ruiz, R., Calmaestra, J., Scheithauer, H., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Luik, P., et al. (2012) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0040 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Facebook bullying: an extension of battles in school
Kwan, G. C. E., & Skoric, M. M. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.014 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Traditional bullying as a potential warning sign of cyberbullying
Kowalski, R. M., Morgan, C. A., & Limber, S. P. (2012) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034312445244 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
A META-ANALYSIS OF THE PREDICTORS OF CYBERBULLYING PERPETRATION AND VICTIMIZATION
Guo, S. (2016) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21914 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Cyberbullying assessment instruments: A systematic review
Berne, S., Frisén, A., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Scheithauer, H., Naruskov, K., Luik, P., Katzer, C., Erentaite, R., & Zukauskiene, R. (2013) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.022 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D. P., & Sorrentino, A. (2015) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.05.014 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Cyber-bullying: An investigation of the psychological profile of university student participants
Kokkinos, C. M., Antoniadou, N., & Markos, A. (2014) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2014.04.001 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Predicting cyberbullying from anonymity.
Barlett, C. P., Gentile, D. A., & Chew, C. (2016) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/ppm0000055 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Ng, E. D., Chua, J. Y. X., & Shorey, S. (2022) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838020933867 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: A Review of the Literature
E. Notar, C., Padgett, S., & Roden, J. (2013) · Universal Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.13189/ujer.2013.010101 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“The results of this study provide some support for previous studies that have pointed out the relationship between cyber and traditional forms of bullying (e.g. Li, 2005, 2006; Raskauskas and Stoltz, 2007; Ybarra et al., 2007 as cited in Erdur-Baker, 2010).”
BackgroundResultBeing a cybervictim and a cyberbully – The duality of cyberbullying: A meta-analysis
Lozano-Blasco, R., Cortés-Pascual, A., & Latorre-Martínez, M. P. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106444 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Cyberbullying among adolescents: Measures in search of a construct.
Mehari, K. R., Farrell, A. D., & Le, A.-T. H. (2014) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/a0037521 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., & Hamilton, H. A. (2015) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.011 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Leung, L. (2014) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2014.902316 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“Being described as experiences online that had bothered users or made users feel uncomfortable or upset (Livingstone & Haddon, 2008), some of the Internet risks facing young people may include exposure to pornographic or violent material (Sabina, Wolak, & Finkelhor, 2008), being targeted for harassment (Kiriakidis & K…”
BackgroundKasturiratna, K. T. A. S., Hartanto, A., Chen, C. H. Y., Tong, E. M. W., & Majeed, N. M. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-02011-6 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Huda, M. (2019) · Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management · doi:10.1108/jstpm-09-2017-0044 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Doane, A. N., Boothe, L. G., Pearson, M. R., & Kelley, M. L. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.010 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., & Hamilton, H. A. (2015) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2015.0145 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Epidemiology of cyberbullying across europe: differences between countries and genders
(2019) · Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice · doi:10.12738/estp.2019.2.005 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Rafferty, R., & Vander Ven, T. (2014) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2013.849171 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Notes on a Sociology of Bullying: Young Men's Homophobia as Gender Socialization
Pascoe, C. J. (2013) · QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking · doi:10.14321/qed.0087 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Jacobs, N. C., Völlink, T., Dehue, F., & Lechner, L. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-396 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Gül, H., Fırat, S., Sertçelik, M., Gül, A., Gürel, Y., & Kılıç, B. G. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1080/24750573.2018.1472923 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Holfeld, B., & Mishna, F. (2019) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0974-7 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Wang, X., Qiao, Y., Li, W., & Dong, W. (2022) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316211064515 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Is There a Gender Difference in Cyber-Victimization?: A Meta-Analysis
Sun, S., & Fan, X. (2018) · Journal of Media Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000185 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
No Homo: Gendered Dimensions of Homophobic Epithets Online
Pascoe, C. J., & Diefendorf, S. (2019) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-018-0926-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cyber bullying @ schools: What do Turkish adolescents think?
Topcu, Ç., Yıldırım, A., & Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2013) · International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling · doi:10.1007/s10447-012-9173-5 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationCyberbullying: Definition, prevalence, effects, risk and protective factors
AKDENİZ, B., & DOĞAN, A. (2024) · Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar · doi:10.18863/pgy.1325195 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Erdur-Baker, Ö.
- Affiliations
- Middle East Technical University, Turkey,
- Venue
- New Media & Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-11-24
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 109-125
- ISSN
- 1461-4448 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7315
- OpenAlex
- W2142272390
- Cited by
- 552
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 19.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- New Media & Society (publishedVersion)
- OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, traditional bullying, gender differences, adolescents, internet use, online communication, bullying victims and perpetrators
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
