The DOI matches its Crossref record; 130 of the 130 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 28 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Effects of physical activity interventions on cognitive outcomes and academic performance in adolescents and young adults: A meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
The aim was to provide a meta-analysis of studies investigating the effects of physical activity interventions on cognitive outcomes and academic performance in adolescents or young adults. A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed using the following databases: Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Studies had to meet the following criteria: controlled study design, investigating the effects of physical activity interventions on cognitive outcomes and academic performance in healthy adolescents or young adults (12–30 years). Results showed that acute interventions (n=44) significantly improved processing speed (ES=0.39), attention (ES=0.34) and, inhibition (ES=0.32). In a subsequent meta-regression, shorter duration of intervention was significantly associated with greater improvements in attention (β=−0.02) and cognitive flexibility (β=−0.04), whereas age, percentage of boys, intensity and dose were not. Chronic interventions (n=27) significantly improved processing speed (ES=0.30), attention (ES=0.50), cognitive flexibility (ES=0.19), working memory (ES=0.59) and language skills (ES=0.31). In the meta-regression, higher percentage of boys was significantly associated with greater improvements in attention (β=0.02) and working memory (β=0.01) whereas age, duration, frequency, dose and load were not. In conclusion, acute and chronic physical activity interventions might be a promising way to improve several cognitive outcomes and language skills in adolescents and young adults.
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TL;DR
This meta-analysis found that acute and chronic physical activity interventions can improve several cognitive outcomes in adolescents and young adults, with chronic interventions also improving language skills. Chronic interventions showed broader and generally larger effects than acute interventions, but heterogeneity and possible publication bias warrant caution.
Key findings
- Acute interventions (44 studies, k = 91) significantly improved overall cognitive outcomes (Hedges’ g = 0.31, 95% CI 0.22–0.41), including processing speed (g = 0.39), attention (g = 0.34), and inhibition (g = 0.32); effects were not significant for cognitive flexibility (g = 0.37, 95% CI −0.00–0.75) or working memory (g = 0.14, 95% CI −0.11–0.39).
- Chronic interventions (27 studies; cognitive k = 52, academic k = 15) significantly improved overall cognitive outcomes (g = 0.36, 95% CI 0.25–0.47), including processing speed (g = 0.30), attention (g = 0.50), cognitive flexibility (g = 0.19), working memory (g = 0.59), and language (g = 0.31); effects were not significant for GPA (g = 0.20) or mathematics (g = 0.31).
- In acute interventions, shorter duration was associated with greater improvements in attention (β = −0.021) and cognitive flexibility (β = −0.036); in chronic interventions, higher percentage of boys was associated with greater improvements in attention (β = 0.02) and working memory (β = 0.01).
- Publication bias was indicated for chronic cognitive outcomes (Egger’s p = 0.007), but not for acute outcomes (p = 0.653) or chronic academic performance (p = 0.926).
Methods
- Systematic review and meta-analysis registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019122030) and conducted per PRISMA; databases searched were Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science through 27 March 2020.
- Included controlled studies (RCT or cross-over; baseline adjustment required if non-randomized) of physical activity interventions with a sports or exercise component in healthy participants with mean age 12–30 years, reporting cognitive or academic outcomes; excluded special populations, reviews, and combined interventions.
- Seventy-one papers were eligible: 44 acute studies (k = 91) and 27 chronic studies (k = 52 cognitive, k = 15 academic), including 3544 adolescents and 2397 young adults; random-effects Hedges’ g, heterogeneity, moderator/meta-regression, Cochrane risk of bias, and Egger/funnel publication bias analyses were used.
Limitations
- Stated by the paper: not all subgroup and meta-regression analyses could be performed due to small numbers of studies; chronic total load and fitness improvement could not be analyzed because most studies did not report intensity; publication bias was possible for chronic cognitive outcomes; and cognitive outcomes were measured with a wide variety of instruments, which may have contributed to heterogeneity.
- Evident from the text: heterogeneity was large or moderate in many analyses (e.g., acute cognitive outcomes I² = 64.9%; chronic cognitive outcomes I² = 62.1%), so findings should be interpreted cautiously.
- Evident from the text: academic performance was only assessed in adolescents, not young adults, and the oldest mean age for academic outcomes was 15.3 years, limiting generalization; risk of bias was high or unclear in many domains (e.g., allocation concealment 65.8% high risk, blinding of researchers/personnel 91.8%/97.3% high risk, detection bias 84.9% high risk).
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50 Own result · 30 Own method · 23 Not checked yet · 20 Own interpretation · 11 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“whereas age, duration, frequency, dose and load were not.”
plaincorrelationaln = 27- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and working memory (β=0.01)”
plaincorrelationaln = 27 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“higher percentage of boys was significantly associated with greater improvements in attention (β=0.02)”
plaincorrelationaln = 27 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Heterogeneity in effect sizes was moderate ( I 2 = 63%, p = 0.001).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“cognitive flexibility (ES=0.19)”
- Also stated in: § Effects of chronic physical activity interventions · p. 7 · plain
“a significant small sized effect for cognitive flexibility (Hedges's g = 0.19; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.33)”
plaindirectn = 27 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Effects of chronic physical activity interventions · p. 7 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, chronic physical activity interventions had a significant moderately sized effect on academic performance (Hedges's g = 0.34; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.49).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dose of the intervention was not significantly related to effects for working memory and inhibition.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“whereas age, duration, frequency, dose and load were not.”
plainn = 27- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the meta-regressions, percentage of boys was signifi cantly and inversely related to the effects of attention (β = 0.02; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.03, p = 0.021) and working memory (β = 0.01; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.03, p = 0.033).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, higher dose of the intervention was inversely related to the effects of attention (β = -0.00; 95% CI -0.00 to 0.00, p = 0.028).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- The quote only partly states this claim. 9
- It may state two separate claims as one. 34
- Probably not a substantial claim. 35
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but no effects for cognitive flexibility (Hedges's g = 0.37; 95% CI -0.00 to 0.75)”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
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In the paper
“and language skills (ES=0.31)”
plaindirectn = 27 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
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In the paper
“For working memory, age, duration, frequency, dose and load were not significantly related with the studies' effect sizes.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, chronic physical activity interventions had a moderate effect on cognitive outcomes (Hedges's g = 0.36; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.47).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Age, percentage of boys and intensity were not significantly related with the studies' effect sizes for any of the cognitive domains or there were too few to perform the meta regression analyses.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a significant moderately sized effect for executive functions (Hedges's g = 0.29; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.40)”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“attention (ES=0.34)”
plaindirectn = 44- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and executive functions (Hedges's g = 0.35; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.50)”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but no effect for inhibition (Hedges's g = 0.16; 95% CI -0.05 to 0.36)”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and working memory (Hedges's g = 0.14; 95% CI -0.11 to 0.39)”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results showed that acute interventions ( n =44) significantly improved processing speed (ES=0.39)”
plaindirectn = 44- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This meta-analysis showed significant effect sizes after a chronic intervention but not after an acute intervention on cog nitive flexibility and working memory.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Sex did differ between the two types of studies: in chronic interven tions, effects were stronger for studies with a high percentage of boys compared to low percentage of boys, while no differ ence in the effects for high and low percentage of boys was found in acute studies.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the meta-analysis showed that chronic physical activity interventions have a positive effect on processing speed, attention, cognitive flexibility, working memory and lan guage, where the largest effect was found on working memory.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Next to sex, age was also tested as a moderator, however age had similar effects in acute versus chronic studies, and could therefore not explain the difference between chronic and acute studies.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Between studies, duration of interventions varied between 5 and 60 minutes.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the conflicting findings do not seem to be related to differences in the measures used to assess working memory: for both acute as well as chronic intervention stu dies, similar instruments were used to measure working mem ory in the included studies.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In acute intervention studies only aerobic or resistance exercises were given, but in chronic studies also yoga and cognitively challen ging exercises were given besides or instead of the aerobic exercises.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Sample descriptives, study design, outcome measures and characteristics of the intervention were independently extracted by two review authors (BH, RW).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“After removal of duplicates, the first author BH and a trained research assistant independently screened the titles and abstracts to assess eligibility criteria. Following this, full-text articles were assessed independently by the first author BH and another trained research assistant. Disagreements were discussed and consensus was reached together.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“A random effects approach was used to compute effect sizes.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The effect sizes were corrected for small sample bias (Hedges' g) and reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For each meta-analyses, moderator analyses were only performed if each category of the potential moderator was filled with at least three studies (Borenstein et al., 2011).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Borenstein et al., 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Two authors (BH, RW) independently assessed the risk of bias of the included studies following the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing Risk of Bias (Higgins et al., 2011).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Higgins et al., 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“This review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) (Moher et al., 2009).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Moher et al., 2009
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Such morphological changes in brain structure may lead to enhanced cognitive outcomes and academic performance (Best, 2010).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Best, 2010
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The protocol of this meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42019122030).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In most studies it was not possible to blind researchers and those involved in delivering the interven tion (91.8% and 97.3% respectively), therefore most studies were scored as having a high risk of bias.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Finally, meta-regres sion analysis could not be performed for mathematics due to the small number of studies available.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the review of Gomez-Pinilla & Hillman (2013) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is suggested to be an important initiator of synaptic plasticity.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gomez-Pinilla & Hillman (2013)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In another metaanalysis, positive effects on language as well as on mathematics were found (Álvarez-Bueno, Pesce, Cavero-Redondo, SánchezLópez, Garrido-Miguel et al., 2017).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Álvarez-Bueno, Pesce, Cavero-Redondo, SánchezLópez, Garrido-Miguel et al., 2017
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The transition from childhood to adulthood starts with physical changes and hormonal changes. These changes start in late childhood or in early adolescence, also referred to as early puberty, and continue into early adulthood (Malina et al., 2004).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Malina et al., 2004
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Moreover, the transition from childhood into adulthood is characterised by a marked decrease in physical activity and an increase in sedentary behaviour (Corder et al., 2017; Hardy et al., 2007; Kimm et al., 2000).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Corder et al., 2017
- Not checked yetcites Hardy et al., 2007
- Not checked yetcites Kimm et al., 2000
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to the difference in time onset of physical activity changes and biological differences, boys have probably a better maximum oxygen uptake and are more active during and outside the intervention time, which will lead to a more pronounced effect on cognition in boys compared to girls.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Heterogeneous results between studies in this meta-analysis can possibly be explained by the fact that mostly school grades were used as outcome measure instead of standardized tests.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Concluding the current meta-analysis is the first to include a substantial number of studies investigating the effects of chronic physical activity interventions in adolescents and young adults which might explain the different conclusion reached as compared to previous reviews.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Moreover, during puberty physical activity patterns change, earlier in girls than in boys (Bacil et al., 2015).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bacil et al., 2015
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Underlying processes that could increase this efficiency are neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, which are related to chronic interventions (Hillman et al., 2015).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hillman et al., 2015
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Probably, these divergent findings have emerged because these metaanalyses included mostly pre-adolescent children or older adults and almost no adolescents or early adulthood subjects.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School grades are less objective and comparable with other studies than standardized tests, because they depend on the topic discussed in that period and sometimes the grade is awarded subjectively by the teacher.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sample and study characteristics might explain the discrepant findings for this difference in effect size.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sixth, no other sources that could have caused bias were observed.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One possible explanation for this difference in effect sizes is that different underlying mechanisms operate in acute and chronic interventions.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, it should be noted that academic performance was only measured in adolescents and not in young adults, so findings cannot be generalized to young adulthood.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the majority of the studies (65.8%) did not describe the allocation concealment and were consequently judged as having high risk of bias.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It seems that the underlying process like synaptogenesis, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity are the underlying mechanisms of improved cognitive flexibility and working memory.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The low levels of physical activity in adolescents might make physical activity interventions result in relatively large increases in physical activity in later-puberty than in pre-adolescent children.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In the later-puberty, rapid development of the prefrontal cortex takes place which may make this structure especially sensitive to the effects of interventions, like physical activity interventions, compared to other developmental stages (Lebel et al., 2008).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lebel et al., 2008
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Our findings confirm the results of Rathore & Lom (2017) who also found positive significant effect sizes for working memory and those of De Greeff et al. (2018) who found positive results for working memory and cognitive flexibility, but not in inhibition.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rathore & Lom (2017)
- Not checked yetcites De Greeff et al. (2018)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In most studies it was not possible to blind researchers and those involved in delivering the interven tion (91.8% and 97.3% respectively), therefore most studies were scored as having a high risk of bias.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is suggested that physical activity, for example, facilitates working memory by increasing the effi ciency of evaluating the stimulus (Chang et al., 2013).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chang et al., 2013
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“While in the age range of 12-18 years a lot of behavioural changes take place that stay present in adults (Cluskey & Grobe, 2009).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cluskey & Grobe, 2009
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, after a chronic intervention BDNF levels stay increased and therefore have a structural effect on neurons, like neurogen esis and synaptic plasticity.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in that metaanalysis mainly preadolescent children were included. Only 3 out of 25 studies were conducted in similar age ranges as included in the current meta-analysis (12-30 years).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This is slightly differ ent from a previous meta-analysis, which showed positive effects on science, including mathematics, but not on language or grade point average (Spruit et al., 2016).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Spruit et al., 2016
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“After acute interventions, BDNF levels are increased for a short time period and could explain increased levels of arousal, attention and effort, which positively influences the performance on cognitive tasks (Kashihara et al., 2009; Tomporowski, 2003).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kashihara et al., 2009
- Not checked yetcites Tomporowski, 2003
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This may have been due to differences in compliance (boys may have been more active in chronic studies) or stage of maturation.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, studies did not investigate the opti mal intervention length, nor the persistence of the observed beneficial effects on cognitive functions.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Figure C2. Funnel plot publication bias chronic interventions and neurocognitive functions.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, it could be that with increasing intervention duration, participants get more exhausted, which in turn would have a negative effect on task performance after a long intervention session.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another limitation is the possibility of publication bias in the studies investigating chronic physical activity interventions.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“these age periods reflect a period of rapid maturation of the brain, with most prominent changes in the prefrontal cortex (Lebel et al., 2008).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lebel et al., 2008
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, information about adherence and compliance in the intervention and the maturation was not always reported in the studies and therefore we cannot say whether this is the case.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“During physical activity, cognition may or may not be challenged by performing (increasingly) difficult movements or by increasing rules or the number of objects to be handled in an exercise (Tomporowski et al., 2015).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Tomporowski et al., 2015
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In cognitively challenging interventions the motorcognition network might play a role in the improvement of the executive functions.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In sum, chronic intervention studies seem more promising to improve working memory than acute interventions in adolescents, however, it is not clear what causes this difference.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the meta-analysis of Ludyga et al. (2016) it was suggested that short aerobic exercise bouts of moderate intensity restore cognitive resources, a finding that is in line with our results.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ludyga et al. (2016)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The authors state this as an assumption.
In particular these characteristics of exercises challenge the motor-cognition network and this might explain the different results found in working memory.
“We assume that in particular these characteristics of exercises chal lenge the motor-cognition network and this might explain the different results found in working memory.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Conversely, acute physical activity interventions, such as training sessions lasting less than 60 min, have been found to positively influence attention and cognitive flexibility, but not working memory (Haverkamp et al. 2020).”
From Examining Working Memory Training for Healthy Adults—A Second-Order Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Haverkamp et al. 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Long-term physical activity, such as chronic physical activity interventions, has been found to have a positive effect on working memory (Haverkamp et al. 2020).”
From Examining Working Memory Training for Healthy Adults—A Second-Order Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Haverkamp et al. 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Regular physical activity positively influences WM performance more than acute physical activity (Rathore and Lom 2017; Haverkamp et al. 2020).”
From Examining Working Memory Training for Healthy Adults—A Second-Order Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Haverkamp et al. 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Meta-analytic evidence further demonstrates that both acute and chronic PA interventions are associated with preferable cognitive outcomes such as attention, working memory, and language skills in adolescents and young adults, which are implicated in school performance (Haverkamp et al., 2020).”
From Physical activity and academic performance in adolescents: a systematic review of intensity, frequency, and mediating factors (2026) · cites this paper as Haverkamp et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, physiological mechanisms, such as neurotrophic modulation, may underlie the influence of PA on adolescent brain development; however, evidence in this population remains limited (Haverkamp et al., 2020).”
From Physical activity and academic performance in adolescents: a systematic review of intensity, frequency, and mediating factors (2026) · cites this paper as Haverkamp et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Further research [22] saw deviations from this as they reported acute PA interventions significantly improved processing speed, inhibition and attention, whereas chronic PA interventions significantly improved processing speed, attention, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and language skills.”
From The Effects of Physical Activity on Academic Performance in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [22]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Effects of chronic physical activity interventions · p. 7
“a significant large sized effect for working memory (Hedges's g = 0.59; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.90)”
§ Statistical analysis · p. 5
“The magnitude of Hedges' g was interpreted using Cohen's guidelines, distinguishing between small (<0.2), moderate (0.5), and large (>0.8) effect sizes (Cohen, 1988).”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ ABSTRACT · p. 3
“whereas age, percentage of boys, intensity and dose were not.”
§ Moderator analysis · p. 7
“Furthermore, higher dose of the intervention was inversely related to the effects of attention (β = -0.00; 95% CI -0.00 to 0.00, p = 0.028).”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Moderator analysis · p. 8
“percentage of boys was signifi cantly and inversely related to the effects of attention (β = 0.02; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.03, p = 0.021) and working memory (β = 0.01; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.03, p = 0.033).”
§ ABSTRACT · p. 3
“higher percentage of boys was significantly associated with greater improvements in attention (β=0.02) and working memory (β=0.01)”
Citations
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Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
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Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042 · cited 3×
“If a study reported the outcome of interest in multiple subgroups (e.g., fit vs. unfit or high vs. low social economic status), the mean of the subgroups weighted by their sample sizes was used in the analyses (Moher et al., 2009).”
InfluentialPreferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
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“Furthermore, neurocognitive functions are an important prerequisite for successful learning (Brown & Blanton, 2002; Diamond, 2013), and executive functions are indispensable for success throughout life (Diamond & Lee, 2011).”
BackgroundBorenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans
Piercy, K. L., Troiano, R. P., Ballard, R. M., Carlson, S. A., Fulton, J. E., Galuska, D. A., George, S. M., & Olson, R. D. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.14854 · Cited by 9,755 · cited 1×
“Despite the benefits of physical activity, nowadays more than 80% of adolescents do not adhere to the recommended physical activity guidelines (Piercy et al., 2018).”
BackgroundJanssen, I., & LeBlanc, A. G. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-40 · Cited by 4,829
Be smart, exercise your heart: Exercise effects on brain and cognition
Hillman, C. H., Erickson, K. I., & Kramer, A. F. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2298 · Cited by 3,563 · cited 3×
“Underlying processes that could increase this efficiency are neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, which are related to chronic interventions (Hillman et al., 2015). In the review of Gomez-Pinilla & Hillman (2013) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is suggested to be an important initiator of synaptic plasticity.”
BackgroundInfluentialGrowth, Maturation, and Physical Activity
Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar‐Or, O. (2004) · Human Kinetics eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781492596837 · Cited by 3,383
Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old
Diamond, A., & Lee, K. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1204529 · Cited by 2,901 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, neurocognitive functions are an important prerequisite for successful learning (Brown & Blanton, 2002; Diamond, 2013), and executive functions are indispensable for success throughout life (Diamond & Lee, 2011).”
BackgroundBrain development in children and adolescents: Insights from anatomical magnetic resonance imaging
Lenroot, R. K., & Giedd, J. N. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.06.001 · Cited by 1,863 · cited 2×
“During this stage of development, higher cortical functions, the so-called executive functions, which are located in the prefrontal cortex show rapid development (Lebel et al., 2008; Lenroot & Giedd, 2006).”
Microstructural maturation of the human brain from childhood to adulthood
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“In the later-puberty, rapid development of the prefrontal cortex takes place which may make this structure especially sensitive to the effects of interventions, like physical activity interventions, compared to other developmental stages (Lebel et al., 2008).”
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“Repeated bouts of physical activity (also referred to as chronic physical activity or chronic exercise) has been shown to lead to angiogenesis (Best, 2010), synaptogenesis and neurogenesis (Hillman et al., 2015; Ross et al., 2015).”
BackgroundEffects of acute bouts of exercise on cognition
Tomporowski, P. D. (2003) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(02)00134-8 · Cited by 1,030 · cited 5×
“…is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. levels, resulting in increased levels of arousal, attention and effort, which in turn positively influence the performance on cognitive tasks shortly after performing physical activity (Best, 2010; Kashihara et al., 2009; Tomporowski, 2003).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBritish Journal Of Sports Medicine
Macneil, J. (2015) · Wilderness and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.wem.2014.12.005 · Cited by 872
de Greeff, J. W., Bosker, R. J., Oosterlaan, J., Visscher, C., & Hartman, E. (2018) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.595 · Cited by 841 · cited 3×
“…studies to examine whether cognitively challenging interventions have a different effect on executive functions compared to other types of physical activity interventions, but results of meta-analyses in preadolescent children support this hypothesis (De Greeff et al., 2018; Vazou et al., 2019).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationThe Influence of Exercise on Cognitive Abilities
Gómez‐Pinilla, F., & Hillman, C. H. (2012) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c110063 · Cited by 756
Acute coordinative exercise improves attentional performance in adolescents
Budde, H., Voelcker‐Rehage, C., Pietraßyk-Kendziorra, S., Ribeiro, P. F. M., & Tidow, G. (2008) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.024 · Cited by 701 · cited 1×
“Overall, 44 studies (Aguirre-Loaiza et al., 2019; Akatsuka et al., 2015; Basso et al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García,…”
Tamnes, C. K., Herting, M. M., Goddings, A.-L., Meuwese, R., Blakemore, S.-J., Dahl, R. E., Güroğlu, B., Raznahan, A., Sowell, E. R., Crone, E. A., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3302-16.2017 · Cited by 685 · cited 1×
“In terms of brain development, grey and white matter have been found to continue developing up to 30 years of age, with the most prominent changes taking place in the prefrontal cortex (Lebel et al., 2008; Lenroot & Giedd, 2006; Tamnes et al., 2017; Whitford et al., 2007).”
BackgroundPhysical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease—a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Li, J., & Siegrist, J. (2012) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph9020391 · Cited by 674 · cited 1×
“Physical activity confers strong positive health benefits, including lower risks of cardiovascular diseases (Janssen & LeBlanc, 2010; Li & Siegrist, 2012), adiposity (Haynos & O’Donohue, 2012) and type 2 diabetes (Stanford & Goodyear, 2014).”
BackgroundThe Young Adult Years: Diversity, Structural Change, and Fertility
Rindfuss, R. R. (1991) · Demography · doi:10.2307/2061419 · Cited by 659 · cited 1×
“Second, the mean age of the participants in the sample had to be between 12 and 30 years (Rindfuss, 1991).”
BackgroundFedewa, A. L., & Ahn, S. (2011) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599785 · Cited by 624 · cited 1×
“The existing literature mostly focuses on acute physical activity interventions in preadolescent children (Fedewa & Ahn, 2011; De Greeff et al., 2018; Lees & Hopkins, 2013) or elderly populations (Angevaren et al., 2007; Northey et al., 2017).”
BackgroundVerburgh, L., Königs, M., Scherder, E. J. A., & Oosterlaan, J. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091441 · Cited by 617
Self-citationLudyga, S., Gerber, M., Brand, S., Holsboer‐Trachsler, E., & Pühse, U. (2016) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12736 · Cited by 589 · cited 2×
“In the meta-analysis of Ludyga et al. (2016) it was suggested that short aerobic exercise bouts of moderate intensity restore cognitive resources, a finding that is in line with our results.”
BackgroundResultAerobic exercise improves hippocampal function and increases BDNF in the serum of young adult males
Griffin, É. W., Mullally, S. L., Foley, C., Warmington, S. A., O’Mara, S. M., & Kelly, A. M. (2011) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.06.005 · Cited by 581
Álvarez-Bueno, C., Pesce, C., Cavero-Redondo, I., Sánchez-López, M., Martínez-Hortelano, J. A., & Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.06.012 · Cited by 478 · cited 1×
“…our findings differ from the meta-analytic results of Xue et al. (2019), who showed positive effects on inhibition, but not on working memory or cognitive flexibility and of Alvarez-Bueno et al. (2017), who showed positive effects on inhibition, but not on working memory or cognitive flexibility.”
ResultCorder, K. L., Winpenny, E. M., Love, R., Brown, H. E., White, M. J., & van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097330 · Cited by 463
The Effect of Acute Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Working Memory
Pontifex, M. B., Hillman, C. H., Fernhall, B., Thompson, K. M., & Valentini, T. A. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181907d69 · Cited by 419 · cited 1×
“…Pühse, et al., 2019; Mezcua-Hidalgo et al., 2019; Moore et al., 2012; Murray & Russoniello, 2012; Palmiere et al., 2018; Peruyero et al., 2017; Pontifex et al., 2009; Prashanth, 2020; Du Rietz et al., 2019; Schwarck et al., 2019; Sipavičienė et al., 2012; Sperlich et al., 2018; Takahashi et…”
BackgroundBrain maturation in adolescence: concurrent changes in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology
Whitford, T. J., Rennie, C. J., Grieve, S. M., Clark, C. R., Gordon, E., & Williams, L. M. (2007) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20273 · Cited by 391
Academic Achievement and Physical Activity: A Meta-analysis
Álvarez-Bueno, C., Pesce, C., Cavero-Redondo, I., Sánchez-López, M., Garrido-Miguel, M., & Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2017) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2017-1498 · Cited by 391 · cited 1×
“…our findings differ from the meta-analytic results of Xue et al. (2019), who showed positive effects on inhibition, but not on working memory or cognitive flexibility and of Alvarez-Bueno et al. (2017), who showed positive effects on inhibition, but not on working memory or cognitive flexibility.”
ResultGrowth, maturation, and physical activity, 2nd edition
Janz, K. F. (2004) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.20051 · Cited by 378
Tomporowski, P. D., McCullick, B., Pendleton, D. M., & Pesce, C. (2015) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2014.09.003 · Cited by 377 · cited 1×
“During physical activity, cognition may or may not be challenged by performing (increasingly) difficult movements or by increasing rules or the number of objects to be handled in an exercise (Tomporowski et al., 2015).”
BackgroundExercise and type 2 diabetes: molecular mechanisms regulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle
Stanford, K. I., & Goodyear, L. J. (2014) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00080.2014 · Cited by 370 · cited 1×
“Physical activity confers strong positive health benefits, including lower risks of cardiovascular diseases (Janssen & LeBlanc, 2010; Li & Siegrist, 2012), adiposity (Haynos & O’Donohue, 2012) and type 2 diabetes (Stanford & Goodyear, 2014).”
BackgroundPhysical activity and cognition in adolescents: A systematic review
Esteban-Cornejo, I., Tejero-Gonzalez, C. M., Sallis, J. F., & Veiga, O. L. (2015) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.007 · Cited by 336
Longitudinal changes in physical activity in a biracial cohort during adolescence
Kimm, S. Y. S., Glynn, N. W., Kriska, A. M., FitzGerald, S. J., Aaron, D. J., Similo, S. L., McMahon, R. P., & BARTON, B. A. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200008000-00013 · Cited by 334 · cited 1×
“Moreover, the transition from childhood into adulthood is characterised by a marked decrease in physical activity and an increase in sedentary behaviour (Corder et al., 2017; Hardy et al., 2007; Kimm et al., 2000).”
BackgroundXue, Y., Yang, Y., & Huang, T. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099825 · Cited by 325 · cited 3×
“A growing number of studies have supported the idea that physical activity boosts these executive functions (Li et al., 2017; Verburgh et al., 2013; Xue et al., 2019).”
BackgroundResultEffects of acute exercise on executive processing, short-term and long-term memory
Coles, K., & Tomporowski, P. D. (2007) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410701591417 · Cited by 292 · cited 1×
“…et al., 2015; Basso et al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2016; Hwang & Lu, 2018; Jaffery et…”
Vazou, S., Pesce, C., Lakes, K., & Smiley-Oyen, A. (2019) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2016.1223423 · Cited by 273
College Weight Gain and Behavior Transitions: Male and Female Differences
Cluskey, M., & Grobe, D. (2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.10.045 · Cited by 263 · cited 2×
“While in the age range of 12–18 years a lot of behavioural changes take place that stay present in adults (Cluskey & Grobe, 2009).”
BackgroundSpruit, A., Assink, M., van Vugt, E., van der Put, C., & Stams, G. J. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.006 · Cited by 250 · cited 1×
“This is slightly different from a previous meta-analysis, which showed positive effects on science, including mathematics, but not on language or grade point average (Spruit et al., 2016).”
ResultPositive effects of acute and moderate physical exercise on cognitive function
Kashihara, K., Maruyama, T., Murota, M., & Nakahara, Y. (2009) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.2114/jpa2.28.155 · Cited by 238 · cited 2×
“After acute interventions, BDNF levels are increased for a short time period and could explain increased levels of arousal, attention and effort, which positively influences the performance on cognitive tasks (Kashihara et al., 2009; Tomporowski, 2003).”
BackgroundHigh-Intensity Interval Training for Cognitive and Mental Health in Adolescents
(2016) · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000993 · Cited by 236 · cited 1×
“…Zimmer et al., 2016) investigated the effects of acute physical activity interventions, and 27 studies (Ardoy et al., 2014; Butzer et al., 2015; Costigan et al., 2016; Duarte et al., 2020; Hagins & Rundle, 2016; Heisz et al., 2017; Jeon & Ha, 2017; Johann et al., 2016; Kauts & Sharma, 2009;…”
BackgroundAerobic endurance exercise benefits memory and affect in young adults.
Stroth, S., Hille, K., Spitzer, M., & Reinhardt, R. (2009) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602010802091183 · Cited by 232 · cited 1×
“…et al., 2016; PintoEscalona & Martínez-de-Quel, 2019; Purohit & Pradhan, 2017; Sharma et al., 2015; Sjöwall et al., 2019; Spitzer & Hollmann, 2013; Stroth et al., 2009, 2010; Subramanian et al., 2015; Tarp et al., 2016; Torbeyns et al., 2017; Venckunas et al., 2016; Woost et al., 2018; Zheng et…”
BackgroundArdoy, D. N., Fernández‐Rodríguez, J. M., Jiménez‐Pavón, D., Castillo, R., Ruiz, J. R., & Ortega, F. B. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12093 · Cited by 227 · cited 1×
“, 2016) investigated the effects of acute physical activity interventions, and 27 studies (Ardoy et al., 2014; Butzer et al., 2015; Costigan et al., 2016; Duarte et al., 2020; Hagins & Rundle, 2016; Heisz et al., 2017; Jeon & Ha, 2017; Johann et al., 2016; Kauts & Sharma, 2009; Lennemann et al., 2013; Ludyga, Gerber,…”
BackgroundLees, C., & Hopkins, J. (2013) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd10.130010 · Cited by 226
Etnier, J. L., & NC DOCKS at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro (2009) · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) · Cited by 222
Chang, Y.-K., & Etnier, J. L. (2009) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.31.5.640 · Cited by 219 · cited 1×
“…(Aguirre-Loaiza et al., 2019; Akatsuka et al., 2015; Basso et al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang…”
The effect of exercise intensity on brain derived neurotrophic factor and memory in adolescents
Jeon, Y. K., & Ha, C. H. (2017) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-017-0643-6 · Cited by 216 · cited 1×
“…and 27 studies (Ardoy et al., 2014; Butzer et al., 2015; Costigan et al., 2016; Duarte et al., 2020; Hagins & Rundle, 2016; Heisz et al., 2017; Jeon & Ha, 2017; Johann et al., 2016; Kauts & Sharma, 2009; Lennemann et al., 2013; Ludyga, Gerber, Herrmann, et al., 2018; Ludyga, Gerber, Kamijo,…”
Tsai, C., Chen, F., Pan, C., Wang, C., Huang, T., & Chen, T.-C. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.014 · Cited by 183 · cited 1×
“…Rietz et al., 2019; Schwarck et al., 2019; Sipavičienė et al., 2012; Sperlich et al., 2018; Takahashi et al., 2019; Tine, 2014; Tine & Butler, 2012; Tsai et al., 2014, 2016; Tsorbatzoudis et al., 1998; Tsukamoto et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2018; Vonk et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2015; Whyte…”
Acute Exercise Improves Prefrontal Cortex but not Hippocampal Function in Healthy Adults
Basso, J. C., Shang, A., Elman, M., Karmouta, R., & SUZUKI, W. A. (2015) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561771500106x · Cited by 169 · cited 2×
“Overall, 44 studies (Aguirre-Loaiza et al., 2019; Akatsuka et al., 2015; Basso et al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2…”
BackgroundBenzing, V., Heinks, T., Eggenberger, N., & Schmidt, M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167501 · Cited by 160 · cited 2×
“Overall, 44 studies (Aguirre-Loaiza et al., 2019; Akatsuka et al., 2015; Basso et al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2…”
BackgroundThe influence of exercise-induced fatigue on cognitive function
Moore, R. D., Romine, M. W., O’Connor, P. J., & Tomporowski, P. D. (2012) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.675083 · Cited by 146 · cited 1×
“…2016; Hwang & Lu, 2018; Jaffery et al., 2018; Lambourne, 2012; Lambourne et al., 2010; Ludyga, Pühse, et al., 2019; Mezcua-Hidalgo et al., 2019; Moore et al., 2012; Murray & Russoniello, 2012; Palmiere et al., 2018; Peruyero et al., 2017; Pontifex et al., 2009; Prashanth, 2020; Du Rietz et…”
The effects of physical exercise and cognitive training on memory and neurotrophic factors.
Heisz, J. J., Clark, I. B., Bonin, K., Paolucci, E. M., Michalski, B., Becker, S., & Fahnestock, M. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01164 · Cited by 144 · cited 2×
“, 2016) investigated the effects of acute physical activity interventions, and 27 studies (Ardoy et al., 2014; Butzer et al., 2015; Costigan et al., 2016; Duarte et al., 2020; Hagins & Rundle, 2016; Heisz et al., 2017; Jeon & Ha, 2017; Johann et al., 2016; Kauts & Sharma, 2009; Lennemann et al., 2013; Ludyga, Gerber,…”
BackgroundIntensity, but not duration, of physical activities is related to cognitive function
Angevaren, M., Vanhees, L., Wendel‐Vos, W., Verhaar, H. J. J., Aufdemkampe, G., Aleman, A., & Verschuren, W. M. M. (2007) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/hjr.0b013e3282ef995b · Cited by 142 · cited 2×
“The existing literature mostly focuses on acute physical activity interventions in preadolescent children (Fedewa & Ahn, 2011; De Greeff et al., 2018; Lees & Hopkins, 2013) or elderly populations (Angevaren et al., 2007; Northey et al., 2017).”
BackgroundEffects of Acute Exercise on Executive Function: A Study With a Tower of London Task
Chang, Y., Tsai, C., Hung, T., So, E. C., Chen, F., & Etnier, J. L. (2011) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.33.6.847 · Cited by 138 · cited 1×
“…et al., 2019; Akatsuka et al., 2015; Basso et al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2016; Hwang &…”
Changes in Sedentary Behavior among Adolescent Girls: A 2.5-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Hardy, L. L., Bass, S. L., & Booth, M. L. (2006) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.09.009 · Cited by 135 · cited 1×
“Moreover, the transition from childhood into adulthood is characterised by a marked decrease in physical activity and an increase in sedentary behaviour (Corder et al., 2017; Hardy et al., 2007; Kimm et al., 2000).”
BackgroundPhysical activity, sports participation, and suicidal behavior among college students
Brown, D. R., & Blanton, C. (2002) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200207000-00006 · Cited by 130 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, neurocognitive functions are an important prerequisite for successful learning (Brown & Blanton, 2002; Diamond, 2013), and executive functions are indispensable for success throughout life (Diamond & Lee, 2011).”
BackgroundHwang, J., Brothers, R. M., Castelli, D. M., Glowacki, E. M., Chen, Y. T., Salinas, M. M., Kim, J., Jung, Y., & Calvert, H. G. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.033 · Cited by 126 · cited 1×
“…2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2016; Hwang & Lu, 2018; Jaffery et al., 2018; Lambourne, 2012; Lambourne et al., 2010; Ludyga, Pühse, et al., 2019; Mezcua-Hidalgo et…”
Budde, H., Voelcker-Rehage, C., Pietrassyk-Kendziorra, S., Machado, S. A. S., Ribeiro, P., & Arafat, A. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.07.015 · Cited by 125 · cited 1×
“Overall, 44 studies (Aguirre-Loaiza et al., 2019; Akatsuka et al., 2015; Basso et al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García,…”
Li, J. W., O’Connor, H., O’Dwyer, N., & Orr, R. (2017) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2016.11.025 · Cited by 125 · cited 2×
“A growing number of studies have supported the idea that physical activity boosts these executive functions (Li et al., 2017; Verburgh et al., 2013; Xue et al., 2019).”
BackgroundEffects of Acute Exercise on Sensory and Executive Processing Tasks
Lambourne, K., Audiffren, M. F., & Tomporowski, P. D. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181cbee11 · Cited by 122 · cited 1×
“…et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2016; Hwang & Lu, 2018; Jaffery et al., 2018; Lambourne, 2012; Lambourne et al., 2010; Ludyga, Pühse, et al., 2019; Mezcua-Hidalgo et al., 2019; Moore et al., 2012; Murray & Russoniello, 2012; Palmiere et al.,…”
Effect of yoga on academic performance in relation to stress
Sharma, N., & Kauts, A. (2009) · International Journal of Yoga · doi:10.4103/0973-6131.53860 · Cited by 122
Stroth, S., Reinhardt, R. K., Thöne, J., Hille, K., Schneider, M., Härtel, S., Weidemann, W. M., Bös, K., & Spitzer, M. (2010) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.08.003 · Cited by 110 · cited 1×
“…et al., 2016; PintoEscalona & Martínez-de-Quel, 2019; Purohit & Pradhan, 2017; Sharma et al., 2015; Sjöwall et al., 2019; Spitzer & Hollmann, 2013; Stroth et al., 2009, 2010; Subramanian et al., 2015; Tarp et al., 2016; Torbeyns et al., 2017; Venckunas et al., 2016; Woost et al., 2018; Zheng et…”
BackgroundRathore, A., & Lom, B. (2017) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-017-0514-7 · Cited by 106 · cited 1×
“Our findings confirm the results of Rathore & Lom (2017) who also found positive significant effect sizes for working memory and those of De Greeff et al. (2018) who found positive results for working memory and cognitive flexibility, but not in inhibition.”
ResultZimmer, P., Stritt, C., Bloch, W., Schmidt, F.-P., Hübner, S. T., Binneboessel, S., Schenk, A., & Oberste, M. (2016) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3456-1 · Cited by 104 · cited 1×
“…et al., 1998; Tsukamoto et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2018; Vonk et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2015; Whyte et al., 2014; Zhou & Qin, 2019; Zimmer et al., 2016) investigated the effects of acute physical activity interventions, and 27 studies (Ardoy et al., 2014; Butzer et al., 2015;…”
BackgroundPhysical activity and working memory in healthy older adults: An ERP study
Chang, Y., Huang, C., Chen, K., & Hung, T. (2013) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12089 · Cited by 103 · cited 1×
“It is suggested that physical activity, for example, facilitates working memory by increasing the efficiency of evaluating the stimulus (Chang et al., 2013).”
BackgroundZheng, G., Lan, X., Li, M., Ling, K., Lin, H., Chen, L., Tao, J., Li, J., Zheng, X., Bai, C., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132605 · Cited by 95 · cited 1×
“…Sharma et al., 2015; Sjöwall et al., 2019; Spitzer & Hollmann, 2013; Stroth et al., 2009, 2010; Subramanian et al., 2015; Tarp et al., 2016; Torbeyns et al., 2017; Venckunas et al., 2016; Woost et al., 2018; Zheng et al., 2015) investigated the effects of chronic physical activity interventions.”
BackgroundUniversal childhood and adolescent obesity prevention programs: Review and critical analysis
Haynos, A. F., & O’Donohue, W. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.09.006 · Cited by 92
Sprint-based exercise and cognitive function in adolescents
Cooper, S. B., Bandelow, S., Nute, M. L., Dring, K. J., Stannard, R. L., Morris, J. G., & Nevill, M. E. (2016) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.06.004 · Cited by 90 · cited 1×
“…al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2016; Hwang & Lu, 2018; Jaffery et al., 2018; Lambourne, 2012;…”
Tarp, J., Domazet, S. L., Froberg, K., Hillman, C. H., Andersen, L. B., & Bugge, A. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158087 · Cited by 89 · cited 1×
“…Purohit & Pradhan, 2017; Sharma et al., 2015; Sjöwall et al., 2019; Spitzer & Hollmann, 2013; Stroth et al., 2009, 2010; Subramanian et al., 2015; Tarp et al., 2016; Torbeyns et al., 2017; Venckunas et al., 2016; Woost et al., 2018; Zheng et al., 2015) investigated the effects of chronic…”
BackgroundTsai, C., Pan, C., Chen, F., Wang, C., & Chou, F.-Y. (2016) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep085682 · Cited by 89 · cited 1×
“…Rietz et al., 2019; Schwarck et al., 2019; Sipavičienė et al., 2012; Sperlich et al., 2018; Takahashi et al., 2019; Tine, 2014; Tine & Butler, 2012; Tsai et al., 2014, 2016; Tsorbatzoudis et al., 1998; Tsukamoto et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2018; Vonk et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2015; Whyte…”
The Acute Effects of Exercise Intensity on Inhibitory Cognitive Control in Adolescents
Peruyero, F., Zapata, J., Pastor, D., & Cervelló, E. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00921 · Cited by 75 · cited 1×
“…et al., 2010; Ludyga, Pühse, et al., 2019; Mezcua-Hidalgo et al., 2019; Moore et al., 2012; Murray & Russoniello, 2012; Palmiere et al., 2018; Peruyero et al., 2017; Pontifex et al., 2009; Prashanth, 2020; Du Rietz et al., 2019; Schwarck et al., 2019; Sipavičienė et al., 2012; Sperlich et…”
Atividade física e maturação biológica: uma revisão sistemática
Bacil, E. D. A., Mazzardo, O., Rech, C. R., Legnani, R. F. S., & de Campos, W. (2015) · Revista Paulista de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.rpped.2014.11.003 · Cited by 70 · cited 1×
“Moreover, during puberty physical activity patterns change, earlier in girls than in boys (Bacil et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSpitzer, U. S., & Hollmann, W. (2013) · Trends in Neuroscience and Education · doi:10.1016/j.tine.2013.03.002 · Cited by 70 · cited 1×
“…et al., 2019; Matthews et al., 2016; PintoEscalona & Martínez-de-Quel, 2019; Purohit & Pradhan, 2017; Sharma et al., 2015; Sjöwall et al., 2019; Spitzer & Hollmann, 2013; Stroth et al., 2009, 2010; Subramanian et al., 2015; Tarp et al., 2016; Torbeyns et al., 2017; Venckunas et al., 2016;…”
Acute aerobic exercise impacts selective attention: an exceptional boost in lower-income children
Tine, M. T., & Butler, A. G. (2012) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2012.723612 · Cited by 64 · cited 1×
“…Prashanth, 2020; Du Rietz et al., 2019; Schwarck et al., 2019; Sipavičienė et al., 2012; Sperlich et al., 2018; Takahashi et al., 2019; Tine, 2014; Tine & Butler, 2012; Tsai et al., 2014, 2016; Tsorbatzoudis et al., 1998; Tsukamoto et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2018; Vonk et al., 2019; Wang…”
Aguirre-Loaiza, H., Arenas, J., Padilla, I. A., Jiménez, A. M. F., Barbosa-Granados, S., Bermúdez, S. R., Ayala-Zuluaga, F., Núñez, C., & García-Más, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02774 · Cited by 64
Ludyga, S., Gerber, M., Herrmann, C., Brand, S., & Pühse, U. (2017) · Trends in Neuroscience and Education · doi:10.1016/j.tine.2017.11.001 · Cited by 60
Ludyga, S., Gerber, M., Kamijo, K., Brand, S., & Pühse, U. (2018) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.01.001 · Cited by 60
Haapala, E. (2012) · Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity · doi:10.2478/v10131-012-0007-y · Cited by 58 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, most studies focus on cognitive outcomes, while few studies describe effects of physical activity interventions on academic performance (Haapala, 2012).”
BackgroundPurohit, S. P., & Pradhan, B. (2016) · Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.03.001 · Cited by 58 · cited 1×
“…et al., 2018; Ludyga, Gerber, Kamijo, et al., 2018; Ludyga, Köchli, et al., 2019; Matthews et al., 2016; PintoEscalona & Martínez-de-Quel, 2019; Purohit & Pradhan, 2017; Sharma et al., 2015; Sjöwall et al., 2019; Spitzer & Hollmann, 2013; Stroth et al., 2009, 2010; Subramanian et al., 2015;…”
Ludyga, S., Pühse, U., Lucchi, S., Marti, J., & Gerber, M. (2018) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.027 · Cited by 57
Acute Physical Activity on Cognitive Function: A Heart Rate Variability Examination
Murray, N. P., & Russoniello, C. (2012) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-012-9196-z · Cited by 56 · cited 1×
“…2018; Jaffery et al., 2018; Lambourne, 2012; Lambourne et al., 2010; Ludyga, Pühse, et al., 2019; Mezcua-Hidalgo et al., 2019; Moore et al., 2012; Murray & Russoniello, 2012; Palmiere et al., 2018; Peruyero et al., 2017; Pontifex et al., 2009; Prashanth, 2020; Du Rietz et al., 2019; Schwarck et…”
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
(2025) · National Journal of Physiology Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.5455/njppp · Cited by 55
The Relationship of Health Behaviors to Childhood Cognition and Brain Health
Hillman, C. H., Khan, N. A., & Kao, S. (2015) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000381237 · Cited by 54 · cited 2×
“Repeated bouts of physical activity (also referred to as chronic physical activity or chronic exercise) has been shown to lead to angiogenesis (Best, 2010), synaptogenesis and neurogenesis (Hillman et al., 2015; Ross et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInterval Running Training Improves Cognitive Flexibility and Aerobic Power of Young Healthy Adults
Venckūnas, T., Sniečkus, A., Trinkūnas, E., Baranauskienė, N., Solianik, R., Juodsnukis, A., Streckis, V., & Kamandulis, S. (2016) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001322 · Cited by 53 · cited 1×
“…Sharma et al., 2015; Sjöwall et al., 2019; Spitzer & Hollmann, 2013; Stroth et al., 2009, 2010; Subramanian et al., 2015; Tarp et al., 2016; Torbeyns et al., 2017; Venckunas et al., 2016; Woost et al., 2018; Zheng et al., 2015) investigated the effects of chronic physical activity interventions.”
BackgroundHagins, M., & Rundle, A. (2016) · Mind Brain and Education · doi:10.1111/mbe.12107 · Cited by 52 · cited 1×
“…of acute physical activity interventions, and 27 studies (Ardoy et al., 2014; Butzer et al., 2015; Costigan et al., 2016; Duarte et al., 2020; Hagins & Rundle, 2016; Heisz et al., 2017; Jeon & Ha, 2017; Johann et al., 2016; Kauts & Sharma, 2009; Lennemann et al., 2013; Ludyga, Gerber,…”
BackgroundObesity, fitness, and brain integrity in adolescence
Ross, N., Yau, P. L., & Convit, A. J. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.033 · Cited by 50 · cited 1×
“Repeated bouts of physical activity (also referred to as chronic physical activity or chronic exercise) has been shown to lead to angiogenesis (Best, 2010), synaptogenesis and neurogenesis (Hillman et al., 2015; Ross et al., 2015).”
BackgroundAn acute bout of localized resistance exercise can rapidly improve inhibitory control
Tsukamoto, H., Suga, T., Takenaka, S., Takeuchi, T., Tanaka, D., Hamaoka, T., Hashimoto, T., & Isaka, T. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184075 · Cited by 49 · cited 1×
“…et al., 2012; Sperlich et al., 2018; Takahashi et al., 2019; Tine, 2014; Tine & Butler, 2012; Tsai et al., 2014, 2016; Tsorbatzoudis et al., 1998; Tsukamoto et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2018; Vonk et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2015; Whyte et al., 2014; Zhou & Qin, 2019; Zimmer et al., 2016)…”
Do baseline p-values follow a uniform distribution in randomised trials?
Bland, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076010 · Cited by 47 · cited 1×
“If p values were reported as p > 0.05, we assumed a p-value of 0.53 (i.e. the average of 0.05 and 1.00) in order to calculate the standard error and 95% CI (Bland, 2013).”
MethodInfluentialThe effects of a mid-morning bout of exercise on adolescents' cognitive function
Cooper, S. B., Bandelow, S., Nute, M. L., Morris, J. G., & Nevill, M. E. (2012) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2012.10.002 · Cited by 45 · cited 1×
“…al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2016; Hwang & Lu, 2018; Jaffery et al., 2018; Lambourne, 2012;…”
Torbeyns, T., de Geus, B., Bailey, S., Decroix, L., Cutsem, J. V., Pauw, K. D., & MEEUSEN, R. R. (2017) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0224 · Cited by 45 · cited 1×
“…2017; Sharma et al., 2015; Sjöwall et al., 2019; Spitzer & Hollmann, 2013; Stroth et al., 2009, 2010; Subramanian et al., 2015; Tarp et al., 2016; Torbeyns et al., 2017; Venckunas et al., 2016; Woost et al., 2018; Zheng et al., 2015) investigated the effects of chronic physical activity…”
BackgroundMezcua-Hidalgo, A., Ruiz‐Ariza, A., Suárez-Manzano, S., & López, E. J. M. (2019) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/0031512518825197 · Cited by 45 · cited 1×
“…2016; Hwang et al., 2016; Hwang & Lu, 2018; Jaffery et al., 2018; Lambourne, 2012; Lambourne et al., 2010; Ludyga, Pühse, et al., 2019; Mezcua-Hidalgo et al., 2019; Moore et al., 2012; Murray & Russoniello, 2012; Palmiere et al., 2018; Peruyero et al., 2017; Pontifex et al., 2009;…”
Acute effect of vigorous aerobic exercise on the inhibitory control in adolescents
Browne, R. A. V., Costa, E. C., Sales, M. M., Fonteles, A. I., de Moraes, J. F. V. N., & Barros, J. D. F. (2016) · Revista Paulista de Pediatria (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rppede.2016.01.005 · Cited by 43 · cited 1×
“Overall, 44 studies (Aguirre-Loaiza et al., 2019; Akatsuka et al., 2015; Basso et al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García,…”
Rietz, E. D., BARKER, A. R., Michelini, G., Rommel, A., Vainieri, I., Asherson, P. J., & Kuntsi, J. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.024 · Cited by 41 · cited 1×
“…et al., 2019; Moore et al., 2012; Murray & Russoniello, 2012; Palmiere et al., 2018; Peruyero et al., 2017; Pontifex et al., 2009; Prashanth, 2020; Du Rietz et al., 2019; Schwarck et al., 2019; Sipavičienė et al., 2012; Sperlich et al., 2018; Takahashi et al., 2019; Tine, 2014; Tine & Butler,…”
BackgroundThe Influence of Agility Training on Physiological and Cognitive Performance
Lennemann, L. M., Sidrow, K. M., Johnson, E. M., Harrison, C. R., Vojta, C. N., & Walker, T. B. (2013) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31828ddf06 · Cited by 40 · cited 1×
“…Costigan et al., 2016; Duarte et al., 2020; Hagins & Rundle, 2016; Heisz et al., 2017; Jeon & Ha, 2017; Johann et al., 2016; Kauts & Sharma, 2009; Lennemann et al., 2013; Ludyga, Gerber, Herrmann, et al., 2018; Ludyga, Gerber, Kamijo, et al., 2018; Ludyga, Köchli, et al., 2019; Matthews et al.,…”
Tine, M. T. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00575 · Cited by 39 · cited 1×
“…al., 2009; Prashanth, 2020; Du Rietz et al., 2019; Schwarck et al., 2019; Sipavičienė et al., 2012; Sperlich et al., 2018; Takahashi et al., 2019; Tine, 2014; Tine & Butler, 2012; Tsai et al., 2014, 2016; Tsorbatzoudis et al., 1998; Tsukamoto et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2018; Vonk et al.,…”
Yoga May Mitigate Decreases in High School Grades
Butzer, B., van Over, M., Taylor, J. J. N., & Khalsa, S. B. S. (2015) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2015/259814 · Cited by 39
The Effects of Acute Exercise on Temporal Generalization
Lambourne, K. (2011) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2011.605959 · Cited by 38 · cited 1×
“…2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2016; Hwang & Lu, 2018; Jaffery et al., 2018; Lambourne, 2012; Lambourne et al., 2010; Ludyga, Pühse, et al., 2019; Mezcua-Hidalgo et al., 2019; Moore et al., 2012; Murray & Russoniello, 2012;…”
Schwarck, S., Schmicker, M., Dordevic, M., Rehfeld, K., Müller, N. G., & Müller, P. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8081101 · Cited by 38 · cited 1×
“…al., 2012; Murray & Russoniello, 2012; Palmiere et al., 2018; Peruyero et al., 2017; Pontifex et al., 2009; Prashanth, 2020; Du Rietz et al., 2019; Schwarck et al., 2019; Sipavičienė et al., 2012; Sperlich et al., 2018; Takahashi et al., 2019; Tine, 2014; Tine & Butler, 2012; Tsai et al., 2014,…”
Zhou, F., & Qin, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02547 · Cited by 37 · cited 1×
“…2014, 2016; Tsorbatzoudis et al., 1998; Tsukamoto et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2018; Vonk et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2015; Whyte et al., 2014; Zhou & Qin, 2019; Zimmer et al., 2016) investigated the effects of acute physical activity interventions, and 27 studies (Ardoy et al., 2014; Butzer…”
BackgroundSperlich, B., Clerck, I. L. D., Zinner, C., Holmberg, H., & Wallmann-Sperlich, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01279 · Cited by 36 · cited 1×
“…et al., 2018; Peruyero et al., 2017; Pontifex et al., 2009; Prashanth, 2020; Du Rietz et al., 2019; Schwarck et al., 2019; Sipavičienė et al., 2012; Sperlich et al., 2018; Takahashi et al., 2019; Tine, 2014; Tine & Butler, 2012; Tsai et al., 2014, 2016; Tsorbatzoudis et al., 1998; Tsukamoto et…”
BackgroundJohann, V. E., Stenger, K., Kersten, S., & Karbach, J. (2016) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.01.008 · Cited by 35 · cited 1×
“…(Ardoy et al., 2014; Butzer et al., 2015; Costigan et al., 2016; Duarte et al., 2020; Hagins & Rundle, 2016; Heisz et al., 2017; Jeon & Ha, 2017; Johann et al., 2016; Kauts & Sharma, 2009; Lennemann et al., 2013; Ludyga, Gerber, Herrmann, et al., 2018; Ludyga, Gerber, Kamijo, et al., 2018;…”
Subramanian, S. K. (2015) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2015/14881.6818 · Cited by 35 · cited 1×
“…& Martínez-de-Quel, 2019; Purohit & Pradhan, 2017; Sharma et al., 2015; Sjöwall et al., 2019; Spitzer & Hollmann, 2013; Stroth et al., 2009, 2010; Subramanian et al., 2015; Tarp et al., 2016; Torbeyns et al., 2017; Venckunas et al., 2016; Woost et al., 2018; Zheng et al., 2015) investigated the…”
BackgroundWoost, L., Bazin, P., Taubert, M., Trampel, R., Tardif, C. L., Garthe, A., Kempermann, G., Renner, U., Stalla, G. K., Ott, D. V. M., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19993-9 · Cited by 35 · cited 1×
“…Sharma et al., 2015; Sjöwall et al., 2019; Spitzer & Hollmann, 2013; Stroth et al., 2009, 2010; Subramanian et al., 2015; Tarp et al., 2016; Torbeyns et al., 2017; Venckunas et al., 2016; Woost et al., 2018; Zheng et al., 2015) investigated the effects of chronic physical activity interventions.”
BackgroundHwang, J., & Lu, A. S. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29274-0 · Cited by 33 · cited 1×
“…2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2016; Hwang & Lu, 2018; Jaffery et al., 2018; Lambourne, 2012; Lambourne et al., 2010; Ludyga, Pühse, et al., 2019; Mezcua-Hidalgo et al., 2019; Moore et…”
Comparison of the effects of running and badminton on executive function: A within-subjects design
Takahashi, S., & Grove, P. M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216842 · Cited by 32
Exercise of Varying Durations: No Acute Effects on Cognitive Performance in Adolescents
van den Berg, V., Saliasi, E., Jolles, J., de Groot, R. H. M., Chinapaw, M. J. M., & Singh, A. S. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00672 · Cited by 31
Similar changes in executive function after moderate resistance training and loadless movement
Vonk, M., Wikkerink, S., Regan, K., & Middleton, L. E. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212122 · Cited by 28 · cited 1×
“…al., 2019; Tine, 2014; Tine & Butler, 2012; Tsai et al., 2014, 2016; Tsorbatzoudis et al., 1998; Tsukamoto et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2018; Vonk et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2015; Whyte et al., 2014; Zhou & Qin, 2019; Zimmer et al., 2016) investigated the effects of acute physical activity…”
BackgroundEfeito agudo do exercício aeróbio vigoroso sobre o controle inibitório em adolescentes
Browne, R. A. V., Costa, E. C., Sales, M. M., Fonteles, A. I., de Moraes, J. F. V. N., & Barros, J. D. F. (2015) · Revista Paulista de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.rpped.2015.08.004 · Cited by 27 · cited 1×
“Overall, 44 studies (Aguirre-Loaiza et al., 2019; Akatsuka et al., 2015; Basso et al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García,…”
Ludyga, S., Köchli, S., Pühse, U., Gerber, M., & Hanssen, H. (2018) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.11.029 · Cited by 26
Whyte, E. F., Gibbons, N., Kerr, G., et al. (2014) · Journal of Sport Rehabilitation · doi:10.1123/jsr.2014-0201 · Cited by 25 · cited 1×
“…2012; Tsai et al., 2014, 2016; Tsorbatzoudis et al., 1998; Tsukamoto et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2018; Vonk et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2015; Whyte et al., 2014; Zhou & Qin, 2019; Zimmer et al., 2016) investigated the effects of acute physical activity interventions, and 27 studies (Ardoy…”
BackgroundAcute aerobic exercise influences the inhibitory process in the go/no-go task in humans
Akatsuka, K., Yamashiro, K., Nakazawa, S., et al. (2015) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.004 · Cited by 24 · cited 2×
“Overall, 44 studies (Aguirre-Loaiza et al., 2019; Akatsuka et al., 2015; Basso et al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2…”
BackgroundPhysical activity and biological maturation: a systematic review
Bacil, E. D. A., Mazzardo, O., Rech, C. R., Legnani, R. F. S., & de Campos, W. (2015) · Revista Paulista de Pediatria (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/s2359-3482(15)30037-3 · Cited by 24
Physical Exertion in Simple Reaction Time and Continuous Attention of Sport Participants
Tsorbatzoudis, H., Barkoukis, V., Danis, A., et al. (1998) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1998.86.2.571 · Cited by 23 · cited 1×
“…et al., 2019; Sipavičienė et al., 2012; Sperlich et al., 2018; Takahashi et al., 2019; Tine, 2014; Tine & Butler, 2012; Tsai et al., 2014, 2016; Tsorbatzoudis et al., 1998; Tsukamoto et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2018; Vonk et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2015; Whyte et al., 2014; Zhou & Qin,…”
The Effects of Acute Exercise on Cognitive Function: Solomon Experimental Design
Jaffery, A., Edwards, M. K., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2018) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-017-0498-z · Cited by 23 · cited 1×
“…al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2016; Hwang & Lu, 2018; Jaffery et al., 2018; Lambourne, 2012; Lambourne et al., 2010; Ludyga, Pühse, et al., 2019; Mezcua-Hidalgo et al., 2019; Moore et al., 2012; Murray &…”
No effects of a long-term physical activity intervention on executive functioning among adolescents
Sjöwall, D., Thorell, L. B., Mandić, M., & Westerståhl, M. (2019) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/2050312119880734 · Cited by 23 · cited 2×
“, 2016) investigated the effects of acute physical activity interventions, and 27 studies (Ardoy et al., 2014; Butzer et al., 2015; Costigan et al., 2016; Duarte et al., 2020; Hagins & Rundle, 2016; Heisz et al., 2017; Jeon & Ha, 2017; Johann et al., 2016; Kauts & Sharma, 2009; Lennemann et al., 2013; Ludyga, Gerber,…”
BackgroundWang, C.-C., Shih, C.-H., Pesce, C., Song, T., Hung, T.-M., & Chang, Y. (2014) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2014.10.003 · Cited by 22 · cited 1×
“…Tine & Butler, 2012; Tsai et al., 2014, 2016; Tsorbatzoudis et al., 1998; Tsukamoto et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2018; Vonk et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2015; Whyte et al., 2014; Zhou & Qin, 2019; Zimmer et al., 2016) investigated the effects of acute physical activity interventions, and…”
BackgroundPredictors of Physical Activity in the Transition After High School Among Young Women
Horn, D. B., O’Neill, J. R., Pfeiffer, K. A., et al. (2008) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.5.2.275 · Cited by 20 · cited 1×
“Moreover, the transition to adulthood often concurs with life changes, that influence health related behaviours, like behaviour changes in a new environment, with changing social contacts and support (Cluskey & Grobe, 2009; Horn et al., 2008).”
BackgroundCan Qigong improve attention in adolescents? A prospective randomised controlled trial
Duarte, L., Gonçalves, M., Mendes, P. S. A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.05.005 · Cited by 19 · cited 1×
“…investigated the effects of acute physical activity interventions, and 27 studies (Ardoy et al., 2014; Butzer et al., 2015; Costigan et al., 2016; Duarte et al., 2020; Hagins & Rundle, 2016; Heisz et al., 2017; Jeon & Ha, 2017; Johann et al., 2016; Kauts & Sharma, 2009; Lennemann et al., 2013;…”
BackgroundQuadrupedal movement training improves markers of cognition and joint repositioning
Matthews, M. J., Yusuf, M., Doyle, C., & Thompson, C. R. (2016) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2016.02.002 · Cited by 16 · cited 1×
“…& Sharma, 2009; Lennemann et al., 2013; Ludyga, Gerber, Herrmann, et al., 2018; Ludyga, Gerber, Kamijo, et al., 2018; Ludyga, Köchli, et al., 2019; Matthews et al., 2016; PintoEscalona & Martínez-de-Quel, 2019; Purohit & Pradhan, 2017; Sharma et al., 2015; Sjöwall et al., 2019; Spitzer &…”
Aortic stiffness, central pulse pressure and cognitive function following acute resistance exercise
Palmiere, S., Wade, M. J., DeBlois, J. P., Lefferts, W. K., & Heffernan, K. S. (2018) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3948-2 · Cited by 14 · cited 1×
“…Lambourne, 2012; Lambourne et al., 2010; Ludyga, Pühse, et al., 2019; Mezcua-Hidalgo et al., 2019; Moore et al., 2012; Murray & Russoniello, 2012; Palmiere et al., 2018; Peruyero et al., 2017; Pontifex et al., 2009; Prashanth, 2020; Du Rietz et al., 2019; Schwarck et al., 2019; Sipavičienė et…”
Acute effects of exercise and active video games on adults’ reaction time and perceived exertion
Luján, J. F. G., & López‐García, J. (2016) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1186744 · Cited by 13 · cited 1×
“…2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2016; Hwang & Lu, 2018; Jaffery et al., 2018; Lambourne, 2012; Lambourne et al., 2010; Ludyga, Pühse, et…”
Effect of Single Physical Load of Different Duration and Intensity on Cognitive Function
Sipavičienė, S., Dumčienė, A., Ramanauskienė, I., & Skurvydas, A. (2012) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina48040031 · Cited by 9 · cited 2×
“Overall, 44 studies (Aguirre-Loaiza et al., 2019; Akatsuka et al., 2015; Basso et al., 2015; Benzing et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2016; Budde et al., 2010, 2008; Chang & Etnier, 2009; Chang et al., 2011; Coles & Tomporowski, 2008; Cooper et al., 2016, 2012; ÉW et al., 2011; Guzmán & López-García, 2016; Hwang et al., 2…”
BackgroundSharma, V. K., Subramanian, S. K., Arunachalam, V., Radhakrishnan, K., Ramamurthy, S., & Ravindran, B. S. (2015) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh-2015-0060 · Cited by 6
Dwyer, G. B., Belli, N. J., Magal, M., et al. (2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5
Effect of cardiovascular fitness on cognitive functions among male medical students of South Kerala
Prashanth, P., & Arun, P. (2019) · National Journal of Physiology Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.5455/njppp.2020.10.1034006112019 · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 9
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
An umbrella review of randomized control trials on the effects of physical exercise on cognition
Ciria, L. F., Román-Caballero, R., Vadillo, M. A., Holgado, D., Luque-Casado, A., Perakakis, P., & Sanabria, D. (2023) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01554-4 · Cited by 157
Zhang, M., Jia, J., Yang, Y., Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.102116 · Cited by 157
Contreras-Osorio, F., Campos-Jara, C., Martínez-Salazar, C., Chirosa-Ríos, L., & Martínez-García, D. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11060755 · Cited by 86
Ferrer-Uris, B., Ramos, M. A., Busquets, A., & Angulo-Kinzler, R. M. (2022) · AIMS neuroscience · doi:10.3934/neuroscience.2022009 · Cited by 95
Active School Breaks and Students’ Attention: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Infantes‐Paniagua, Á., Silva, A. F., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Sarmento, H., González-Férnandez, F. T., González‐Víllora, S., & Clemente, F. M. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11060675 · Cited by 107
“The inconsistent results presented in the literature could perhaps be explained by differences in the factors considered from a study design, how attention is measured, or the inclusion of samples representing different age groups [6] or cardiovascular fitness levels [6], just as happens in research on overall cogniti…”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Haverkamp, B. F., Wiersma, R., Vertessen, K., van Ewijk, H., Oosterlaan, J., & Hartman, E.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Curium-LUMC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
- Emma Kinderziekenhuis (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Haverkamp, Barbara Franca
- Venue
- Journal of Sports Sciences
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-08-12
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 2637-2660
- ISSN
- 0264-0414 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-447X
- OpenAlex
- W3048761467
- Semantic Scholar
- 84af0bb97019f8320f093d24b71e97dd96158713
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 2.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Sports Sciences (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Nationaal Regieorgaan Onderwijsonderzoek (405-16-411)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Training Studies
- Keywords
- physical activity interventions, cognitive outcomes, academic performance, adolescents, young adults, processing speed, attention, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, language skills, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Academic Performance, Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Cognition, Humans, Language, Memory, Short-Term, Exercise, Young Adult, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-08, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-08 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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