Enhancing Self-Efficacy for Help-Seeking Among Transition-Aged Youth in Postsecondary Settings With Mental Health and/or Substance Use Concerns, Using Crowd-Sourced Online and Mobile Technologies: The Thought Spot Protocol
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Seventy percent of lifetime cases of mental illness emerge prior to age 24. While early detection and intervention can address approximately 70% of child and youth cases of mental health concerns, the majority of youth with mental health concerns do not receive the services they need. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to describe the protocol for optimizing and evaluating Thought Spot, a Web- and mobile-based platform cocreated with end users that is designed to improve the ability of students to access mental health and substance use services. METHODS: This project will be conducted in 2 distinct phases, which will aim to (1) optimize the existing Thought Spot electronic health/mobile health intervention through youth engagement, and (2) evaluate the impact of Thought Spot on self-efficacy for mental health help-seeking and health literacy among university and college students. Phase 1 will utilize participatory action research and participatory design research to cocreate and coproduce solutions with members of our target audience. Phase 2 will consist of a randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that the Thought Spot intervention will show improvements in intentions for, and self-efficacy in, help-seeking for mental health concerns. RESULTS: We anticipate that enhancements will include (1) user analytics and feedback mechanisms, (2) peer mentorship and/or coaching functionality, (3) crowd-sourcing and data hygiene, and (4) integration of evidence-based consumer health and research information. CONCLUSIONS: This protocol outlines the important next steps in understanding the impact of the Thought Spot platform on the behavior of postsecondary, transition-aged youth students when they seek information and services related to mental health and substance use.
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Six types of multimedia interventions have been developed to address some of the difficulties of reaching an adolescent population, such as fear of confidentiality breaches, stigma and self-reliance.
“Six types of multimedia interventions have been developed to address some of the difficulties of reaching an adolescent population, such as fear of confidentiality breaches, stigma and self-reliance [111–115].”
From What are the barriers, facilitators and interventions targeting help-seeking behaviours for common mental health problems in adolescents? A systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [114]
The Introduction (page unavailable) identifies stigma and fear of confidentiality breaches as barriers to help-seeking, and describes online and mobile interventions as promising ways to reach transition-aged youth. This paper describes the Thought Spot intervention, but it does not identify six types of multimedia interventions or name self-reliance as a barrier. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTeacher's support and engagement with the intervention were also described as a barrier in the implementation process for some studies.
“Teacher’s support and engagement with the intervention were also described as a barrier in the implementation process for some studies [85, 93, 114].”
From What are the barriers, facilitators and interventions targeting help-seeking behaviours for common mental health problems in adolescents? A systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [114]
The Methods section, under Phase 1: Optimization of mHealth Intervention (page unavailable), describes student engagement and asks students about possible barriers to using Thought Spot. It does not describe teachers’ support or engagement as an implementation barrier. Searches for teacher support, engagement, and implementation barriers found no passage addressing that claim. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Authors
- Wiljer, D., Abi-Jaoude, A., Johnson, A., Ferguson, G., Sanches, M., Levinson, A., Robb, J., Heffernan, O., Herzog, T., Chaim, G., Cleverley, K., Eysenbach, G., Henderson, J., S Hoch, J., Hollenberg, E., Jiang, H., Isaranuwatchai, W., Law, M., Sharpe, S., Tripp, T., & Voineskos, A.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Wiljer, David
- ORCID
- Wiljer, David
- Abi-Jaoude, Alexxa
- Johnson, Andrew
- Ferguson, Genevieve
- Sanches, Marcos
- Levinson, Andrea
- Robb, Janine
- Heffernan, Olivia
- Herzog, Tyson
- Chaim, Gloria
- Cleverley, Kristin
- Eysenbach, Gunther
- Henderson, Joanna
- S Hoch, Jeffrey
- Hollenberg, Elisa
- Jiang, Huan
- Isaranuwatchai, Wanrudee
- Law, Marcus
- Sharpe, Sarah
- Tripp, Tim
- Voineskos, Aristotle
- Venue
- JMIR Research Protocols
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2016-11-04
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e201
- ISSN
- 1929-0748 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5116103
- OpenAlex
- W2548584960
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR Research Protocols (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- help-seeking self-efficacy, mental health help-seeking, transition-aged youth, postsecondary students, mobile health, online intervention, participatory design, youth participation, health literacy, peer mentoring, access to mental health care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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