The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ultra-processed food consumption and human health: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses
Abstract
Recently, ultra-processed foods received a lot of attention, but also criticism. Our aim was to provide an overview of the existing evidence of ultra-processed food consumption on human health. We conducted a systematic search in four databases until January 5th, 2024. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses on ultra-processed food consumption as defined by the NOVA classification system were included. The certainty of evidence was evaluated by the GRADE approach. We identified 16 publications. Moderate certainty of evidence was found for all-cause mortality (Summary Risk Ratio per 50 g: 1.02; 95% confidence Interval (CI): 1.01, 1.03), cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality (per 50 g/d: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.06, and 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08), type 2 diabetes incidence (per 10%: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.13) and colorectal cancer (per 10%: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07). For several outcomes such as inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, mental health as well as nutrient quality, similar estimates were observed, but certainty of evidence was limited. Discussing the NOVA concept, it remains unclear whether the processing of foods leads to increased health risks or if ultra-processed food consumption is only a measure for poor diet quality.
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After the initial submission of this Series paper, similar associations between UPF consumption and adverse health outcomes were reported in three umbrella reviews of meta-analyses.
“After the initial submission of this Series paper, similar associations between UPF consumption and adverse health outcomes were reported in three umbrella reviews of meta-analyses.[223][224][225]”
From Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence (2025) · cites this paper as [224]
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Cites
The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n71 · Cited by 108,283
Shea, B. J., Reeves, B. C., Wells, G., Thuku, M., Hamel, C., Moran, J., Moher, D., Tugwell, P., Welch, V., Kristjansson, E., et al. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j4008 · Cited by 10,636
Ultra-processed foods: What they are and how to identify them
Monteiro, C. A., Cannon, G., Levy, R. B., Moubarac, J.-C., Louzada, M. L., Rauber, F., Khandpur, N., Cediel, G., Neri, D., Martinez-Steele, E., et al. (2019) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980018003762 · Cited by 2,964
Hall, K. D., Ayuketah, A., Brychta, R., Cai, H., Cassimatis, T., Chen, K. Y., Chung, S. T., Costa, E., Courville, A., Darcey, V., et al. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008 · Cited by 1,971 · cited 2×
“In a cross-over intervention study, eating meals high in ultra-processed foods for 14 days resulted in weight gain, while the same participants showed weight loss when receiving meals without ultra-processed foods (Hall et al. 2019).”
Schünemann, H. J., Cuello, C., Akl, E. A., Mustafa, R. A., Meerpohl, J. J., Thayer, K., Morgan, R. L., Gartlehner, G., Kunz, R., Katikireddi, S. V., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.01.012 · Cited by 911
Rauber, F., Da Costa Louzada, M. L., Steele, E., Millett, C., Monteiro, C. A., & Levy, R. B. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10050587 · Cited by 628
Martini, D., Godos, J., Bonaccio, M., Vitaglione, P., & Grosso, G. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13103390 · Cited by 481
Qin, P., Li, Q., Zhao, Y., Chen, Q., Sun, X., Liu, Y., Li, H., Wang, T., Chen, X., Zhou, Q., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00655-y · Cited by 323 · cited 1×
“…studies have shown that an intake of single food groups such as fast food, processed meat or sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with increased risk of several diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer and mortality (Qin et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2023; Neuenschwander et al. 2019).”
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Sorted by citations
Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence
Monteiro, C. A., Louzada, M. L., Steele-Martinez, E., Cannon, G., Andrade, G. C., Baker, P., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Bonaccio, M., Gearhardt, A. N., Khandpur, N., et al. (2025) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01565-x · Cited by 339
Metadata
- Authors
- Barbaresko, J., Bröder, J., Conrad, J., Szczerba, E., Lang, A., & Schlesinger, S.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University
- German Nutrition Society
- ORCID
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2024-02-16
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1999-2007
- ISSN
- 1040-8398
- 1549-7852
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 8
- Language
- en
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