The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Antioxidant defence mechanisms: From the beginning to the end (of the beginning)
Abstract
When life first evolved on Earth, there was little oxygen in the atmosphere. Evolution of antioxidant defences must have been closely associated with the evolution of photosynthesis and of O2-dependent electron transport mechanisms. Studies with mice lacking antioxidant defences confirm the important roles of MnSOD and transferrin in maintaining health, but show that glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and CuZnSOD are not essential for everyday life (at least in mice). Superoxide can be cytotoxic by several mechanisms: one is the formation of hydroxyl radicals. There is good evidence that OH* formation occurs in vivo. Other important antioxidants may include thioredoxin, and selenoproteins other than GPX. Nitric oxide may be an important antioxidant in the vascular system. Diet-derived antioxidants are important in maintaining human health, but recent studies employing "biomarkers" of oxidative DNA damage are questioning the "antioxidant" roles of beta-carotene and ascorbate. An important area of future research will be elucidation of the reasons why levels of steady-state oxidative damage to DNA and lipids vary so much between individuals, and their predictive value for the later development of human disease.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids
Rice-Evans, C. A., Miller, N. J., & Paganga, G. (1996) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(95)02227-9 · Cited by 9,085
[1] Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview
Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1990) · Methods in Enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(90)86093-b · Cited by 4,994
Self-citationDilated cardiomyopathy and neonatal lethality in mutant mice lacking manganese superoxide dismutase
Li, Y., Huang, T.-T., Carlson, E. J., Melov, S., Ursell, P. C., Olson, J. L., Noble, L. J., Yoshimura, M. P., Berger, C., Chan, P. H., et al. (1995) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1295-376 · Cited by 1,789
Superoxide Anion Radical (O·̄2), Superoxide Dismutases, and Related Matters
Fridovich, I. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.30.18515 · Cited by 1,337
Oxygen poisoning and x-irradiation: a mechanism in common
Gerschman, R., Gilbert, D. L., Nye, S. W., Dwyer, P., & Fenn, W. O. (1954) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.119.3097.623 · Cited by 961
Craven, C. M., Alexander, J., Eldridge, M., Kushner, J. P., Bernstein, S., & Kaplan, J. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.10.3457 · Cited by 259
Rehman, A., Collis, C. S., Yang, M., Kelly, M., Diplock, A. T., Halliwell, B., & Rice-Evans, C. (1998) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8592 · Cited by 202
Self-citation
Cited by
Bjelakovic, G., Nikolova, D., Gluud, L. L., Simonetti, R. G., & Gluud, C. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.8.842 · Cited by 2,275
Halliwell, B. (2001) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200118090-00004 · Cited by 1,502
Self-citationA Systematic Screening of Total Antioxidants in Dietary Plants
Halvorsen, B. L., Holte, K., Myhrstad, M. C. W., Barikmo, I., Hvattum, E., Remberg, S. F., Wold, A.-B., Haffner, K., Baugerød, H., Andersen, L. F., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/132.3.461 · Cited by 1,122
CYP2E1 and oxidative liver injury by alcohol
Lu, Y., & Cederbaum, A. I. (2008) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.11.004 · Cited by 805
The wanderings of a free radical
Halliwell, B. (2009) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.11.008 · Cited by 467
Self-citationOxidative Capacity, Lipotoxicity, and Mitochondrial Damage in Type 2 Diabetes
Schrauwen, P., & Hesselink, M. K. C. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.6.1412 · Cited by 408
Calabrese, V., Scapagnini, G., Giuffrida Stella, A. M., Bates, T. E., & Clark, J. B. (2001) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1010955807739 · Cited by 263
Antioxidant activity of Hawaiian marine algae
Kelman, D., Posner, E. K., McDermid, K. J., Tabandera, N. K., Wright, P. R., & Wright, A. D. (2012) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md10020403 · Cited by 250
“By donating an electron, antioxidants neutralize free radicals that would otherwise oxidize biomolecules leading to cell death and tissue damage [6–8].”
BackgroundPFAS Environmental Pollution and Antioxidant Responses: An Overview of the Impact on Human Field
Bonato, M., Corrà, F., Bellio, M., Guidolin, L., Tallandini, L., Irato, P., & Santovito, G. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17218020 · Cited by 243
Food consumption and the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus
Montonen, J., Järvinen, R., Heliövaara, M., Reunanen, A., Aromaa, A., & Knekt, P. (2005) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602094 · Cited by 237
Metabolomics of Human Brain Aging and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases
Jové, M., Portero-Otín, M., Naudí, A., Ferrer, I., & Pamplona, R. (2014) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0000000000000091 · Cited by 195
Rutjes, A. W., Denton, D. A., Di Nisio, M., Chong, L.-Y., Abraham, R. P., Al-Assaf, A. S., Anderson, J. L., Malik, M. A., Vernooij, R. W., Martínez, G., et al. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011906.pub2 · Cited by 164
Campanella, A., Rovelli, E., Santambrogio, P., Cozzi, A., Taroni, F., & Levi, S. (2008) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn308 · Cited by 162
McCleery, J., Abraham, R. P., Denton, D. A., Rutjes, A. W., Chong, L.-Y., Al-Assaf, A. S., Griffith, D. J., Rafeeq, S., Yaman, H., Malik, M. A., et al. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011905.pub2 · Cited by 162
Paschalis, V., Theodorou, A. A., Kyparos, A., Dipla, K., Zafeiridis, A., Panayiotou, G., Vrabas, I. S., & Nikolaidis, M. G. (2016) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-014-0821-x · Cited by 103
Exercise-induced oxidative stress: the effects of β-alanine supplementation in women
Smith, A. E., Stout, J. R., Kendall, K. L., Fukuda, D. H., & Cramer, J. T. (2012) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1158-x · Cited by 62
Chavez, A. O., Kamath, S., Jani, R., Sharma, L. K., Monroy, A., Abdul-Ghani, M. A., Centonze, V. E., Sathyanarayana, P., Coletta, D. K., Jenkinson, C. P., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1387 · Cited by 52
Nrf2 and Antioxidant Defense Against CYP2E1 Toxicity
Cederbaum, A. I. (2013) · Subcellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5881-0_2 · Cited by 47
Apirajkamol, N. (., James, B., Gordon, K. H. J., Walsh, T. K., & McGaughran, A. (2020) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.6308 · Cited by 26
Gostner, J. M., Becker, K., Croft, K. D., Woodman, R. J., Puddey, I. B., Fuchs, D., & Hodgson, J. M. (2015) · BBA Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.11.007 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Halliwell, B.
- Venue
- Free Radical Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1999-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 261-272
- ISSN
- 1029-2470 (ISSN-L)
- 1071-5762
- OpenAlex
- W1965336187
- Cited by
- 1,020
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 12.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
