The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The tumor microenvironment: shaping cancer progression and treatment response
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression and treatment response. It comprises a complex network of stromal cells, immune cells, extracellular matrix, and blood vessels, all of which interact with cancer cells and influence tumor behaviour. This review article provides an in-depth examination of the TME, focusing on stromal cells, blood vessels, signaling molecules, and ECM, along with commonly available therapeutic compounds that target these components. Moreover, we explore the TME as a novel strategy for discovering new anti-tumor drugs. The dynamic and adaptive nature of the TME offers opportunities for targeting specific cellular interactions and signaling pathways. We discuss emerging approaches, such as combination therapies that simultaneously target cancer cells and modulate the TME. Finally, we address the challenges and future prospects in targeting the TME. Overcoming drug resistance, improving drug delivery, and identifying new therapeutic targets within the TME are among the challenges discussed. We also highlight the potential of personalized medicine and the integration of emerging technologies, such as immunotherapy and nanotechnology, in TME-targeted therapies. This comprehensive review provides insights into the TME and its therapeutic implications. Understanding the TME's complexity and targeting its components offer promising avenues for the development of novel anti-tumor therapies and improved patient outcomes.
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“Emerging evidence highlights that the tumor microenvironment is not merely a passive obstacle but a dynamic, co evolving network shaped by stromal remodeling, immune modulation and neural tumor interactions [132].”
From Overcoming tumor microenvironment barriers: transformable and bioinspired nanomedicine strategies for deep tumor penetration (2026) · cites this paper as [132]
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1 retracted
Kaur, A., Webster, M. R., Marchbank, K., Behera, R., Ndoye, A., Kugel, C. H., Dang, V. M., Appleton, J., O’Connell, M. P., Cheng, P., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17392 · Cited by 398
RetractedCancer drug resistance: an evolving paradigm
Holohan, C., Van Schaeybroeck, S., Longley, D. B., & Johnston, P. G. (2013) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3599 · Cited by 4,681
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CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathways: Similarities, Differences, and Implications of Their Inhibition
Buchbinder, E. I., & Desai, A. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1097/coc.0000000000000239 · Cited by 2,360
Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance
Baghban, R., Roshangar, L., Jahanban-Esfahlan, R., Seidi, K., Ebrahimi-Kalan, A., Jaymand, M., Kolahian, S., Javaheri, T., & Zare, P. (2020) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-020-0530-4 · Cited by 1,784 · cited 3×
“The TME (tumor microenvironment) offers opportunities and challenges for treating tumors, as it can either support or inhibit their growth and spread [11].”
Lei, X., Lei, Y., Li, J.-K., Du, W.-X., Li, R.-G., Yang, J., Li, J., Li, F., & Tan, H.-B. (2020) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.009 · Cited by 1,470
Cancer-associated fibroblasts: an emerging target of anti-cancer immunotherapy
Liu, T., Han, C., Wang, S., Fang, P., Ma, Z., Xu, L., & Yin, R. (2019) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-019-0770-1 · Cited by 860
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sheng, J., Yuan, W., Zhang, M., Chen, Z., Qi, Y., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, S. (2026) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-026-04028-7 · Cited by 35
Metadata
- Authors
- Desai, S. A., Patel, V. P., Bhosle, K. P., Nagare, S. D., & Thombare, K. C.
- Venue
- Journal of Chemotherapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2024-01-05
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15-44
- ISSN
- 1120-009X
- 1973-9478
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 17
- Language
- en
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