Perceived discrimination and chronic health in adults from nine ethnic subgroups in the USA
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: This comparative analysis examines the association between chronic cardiovascular, respiratory and pain conditions, race, ethnicity, nativity, length of residency, and perceived discrimination among three racial and nine ethnic subgroups of Asian Americans (Vietnamese, Filipino, and Chinese), Latino-American (Cuban, Portuguese, and Mexican), and Afro-Caribbean American (Haitian, Jamaican, and Trinidadian/Tobagonian) respondents. DESIGN: Analysis used weighted Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys-merged data from the National Latino and Asian American Study and the National Survey of American Life. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine which groups within the model were more likely to report perceived discrimination effects. RESULTS: Afro-Caribbean subgroups were more likely to report perceived discrimination than Asian American and Latino-American subgroups were. Logistic regression revealed a significant positive association with perceived discrimination and chronic pain only for Latino-American respondents. CONCLUSION: Significant differences in reports of perceived discrimination emerged by race and ethnicity. Caribbean respondents were more likely to report high levels of perceived discrimination; however, they showed fewer significant associations related to chronic health conditions compared to Asian Americans and Latino-Americans. Examination of perceived discrimination across ethnic subgroups reveals large variations in the relationship between chronic health and discrimination by race and ethnicity. Examining perceived discrimination by ethnicity may reveal more complex chronic health patterns masked by broader racial groupings.
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Other studies have found variations in correlation strength within Latino/a American groups and between Asian, African and Latino Americans in relation to chronic conditions.
“Other studies have found variations in correlation strength within Latino/a American groups (Cubans, Mexicans, Dominicans and Puerto Ricans) [29] and between Asian, African and Latino Americans in relation to chronic conditions [417].”
From Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2015) · cites this paper as [417]
The Conclusion (page unavailable) reports variation by race and ethnicity in the relationship between perceived discrimination and chronic conditions. This supports the cited point about differing associations, but the study examines Afro-Caribbean Americans specifically, not African Americans broadly. The within-Latino comparison is attached to a different citation and is not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPositive Activity Interventions aim to increase positive feelings, cognitions, and behaviors rather than to reduce negative ones.
“PAIs are aimed at raising positive feelings, cognitions, and behaviors rather than reducing negative ones63.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [63]
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“Other studies have found variations in correlation strength within Latino/a American groups (Cubans, Mexicans, Dominicans and Puerto Ricans) [29] and between Asian, African and Latino Americans in relation to chronic conditions [417].”
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- Authors
- Carlisle, S. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington Bothell (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carlisle, Shauna K.
- Venue
- Ethnicity & Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-06-12
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 309-326
- ISSN
- 1355-7858 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-3419
- PMC
- PMC11666253
- OpenAlex
- W2076589695
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 10.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Ethnicity and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007543, P2CHD042828)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Keywords
- perceived discrimination, chronic disease, cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases, chronic pain, race and ethnicity, nativity, length of residency, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Vietnamese Americans, Filipino Americans, Chinese Americans, Cuban Americans, Mexican Americans, Haitian Americans, National Latino and Asian American Study, Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Chronic Disease, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Prejudice, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States
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