Cited by 1,051Motivation and Self-Concept in SportsJob Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorHuman Behavior and Motivation

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The Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale: Validation evidence in seven languages and nine countries

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Gagné, Marylène, Forest, Jacques, Vansteenkiste, Maarten, Crevier-Braud, Laurence, van den Broeck, Anja, Aspeli, Ann Kristin, Bellerose, Jenny, Benabou, Charles, Chemolli, Emanuela, Güntert, Stefan Tomas, Halvari, Hallgeir, Indiyastuti, Devani Laksmi, Johnson, Peter A., Molstad, Marianne Hauan, Naudin, Mathias, Ndao, Assane, Olafsen, Anja Hagen, Roussel, Patrice, Wang, Zheni, Westbye, Cathrine·2015·European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology

DOI 10.1080/1359432x.2013.877892

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Abstract

Self-determination theory proposes a multidimensional conceptualization of motivation comprising autonomous and controlled forms. Whereas autonomous motivation relates positively to individuals’ optimal functioning (e.g., well-being, performance), controlled motivation is less beneficial. To be able to use self-determination theory in the field of organizational behaviour, the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale was developed and tested using data from 3435 workers in seven languages and nine countries. Factorial analyses indicated that the 19-item scale has the same factor structure across the seven languages. Convergent and discriminant validity tests across the countries also indicate that the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness as well as the theoretically derived antecedents to work motivation (e.g., leadership and job design) are predictably related to the different forms of motivation, which in turn are predictably related to important work outcomes (e.g., well-being, commitment, performance, and turnover intentions). Implications for the development of organizational research based on self-determination theory are discussed.

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Authors: Gagné, M., Forest, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Crevier-Braud, L., van den Broeck, A., Aspeli, A. K., Bellerose, J., Benabou, C., Chemolli, E., Güntert, S. T., Halvari, H., Indiyastuti, D. L., Johnson, P. A., Molstad, M. H., Naudin, M., Ndao, A., Olafsen, A. H., Roussel, P., Wang, Z., & Westbye, C.
Affiliations: The University of Western Australia (AU)
Université du Québec à Montréal (CA)
Ghent University (BE)
Buskerud University College (NO)
Université de Montréal (CA)
ETH Zurich (CH)
Universitas Gadjah Mada (ID)
University of Sheffield (GB)
Université Panthéon-Assas (FR)
Cheikh Anta Diop University (SN)
Université de Toulouse (FR)
Corresponding author: Gagné, Marylène
ORCID: Gagné, Marylène
Forest, Jacques
Vansteenkiste, Maarten
Bellerose, Jenny
Halvari, Hallgeir
Olafsen, Anja Hagen
Wang, Zheni
Venue: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2014-02-05
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Pages: 178-196
ISSN: 1359-432X (ISSN-L)
1464-0643
DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2013.877892
OpenAlex: W2088200404
Semantic Scholar: 725aa3f0e394bf102d25200507074beb64a86ef1
Cited by: 1,051
References: 90
Citations by year: 2026: 88 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 61.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
lirias.kuleuven.be
Licence: other-oa
Locations: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology (publishedVersion)
Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
Toulouse Capitole Publications (University Toulouse 1 Capitole) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Société et la Culture
Association Nationale Recherche Technologie France
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
Keywords: Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale, self-determination theory, autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, employee motivation, scale validation, cross-cultural measurement, psychological needs, autonomy, competence, relatedness, leadership, job design, well-being, organizational commitment, employee performance, turnover intention

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The Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale: Validation evidence in seven languages and nine countries

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