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The Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale: Validation evidence in seven languages and nine countries
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Self-determination theory proposes a multidimensional conceptualization of motivation comprising autonomous and controlled forms. Whereas autonomous motivation relates positively to individuals’ optimal functioning (e.g., well-being, performance), controlled motivation is less beneficial. To be able to use self-determination theory in the field of organizational behaviour, the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale was developed and tested using data from 3435 workers in seven languages and nine countries. Factorial analyses indicated that the 19-item scale has the same factor structure across the seven languages. Convergent and discriminant validity tests across the countries also indicate that the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness as well as the theoretically derived antecedents to work motivation (e.g., leadership and job design) are predictably related to the different forms of motivation, which in turn are predictably related to important work outcomes (e.g., well-being, commitment, performance, and turnover intentions). Implications for the development of organizational research based on self-determination theory are discussed.
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“Adaptive (coping with and responding to change) and proactive (initiating change) performance can be promoted by satisfying the needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness, and self-determined motivation4,58.”
From Understanding and shaping the future of work with self-determination theory (2022) · cites this paper as [58]
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“These four outcomes were retained based on previously reported evidence showing that they all present differentiated relations with employees' levels of autonomous and controlled motivations (e.g., Fernet, Trépanier, Austin, Gagné, & Forest, 2015;Gagné et al., 2015).”
From A test of work motivation profile similarity across four distinct samples of employees (2020) · cites this paper as Gagné et al., 2015
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gagné, M., Forest, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Crevier-Braud, L., van den Broeck, A., Aspeli, A. K., Bellerose, J., Benabou, C., Chemolli, E., Güntert, S. T., Halvari, H., Indiyastuti, D. L., Johnson, P. A., Molstad, M. H., Naudin, M., Ndao, A., Olafsen, A. H., Roussel, P., Wang, Z., & Westbye, C.
- Affiliations
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Université du Québec à Montréal (CA)
- Ghent University (BE)
- Buskerud University College (NO)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Universitas Gadjah Mada (ID)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Université Panthéon-Assas (FR)
- Cheikh Anta Diop University (SN)
- Université de Toulouse (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Gagné, Marylène
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-02-05
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 178-196
- ISSN
- 1359-432X (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0643
- OpenAlex
- W2088200404
- Semantic Scholar
- 725aa3f0e394bf102d25200507074beb64a86ef1
- Cited by
- 1,051
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 88 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 61.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- lirias.kuleuven.be
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- Toulouse Capitole Publications (University Toulouse 1 Capitole) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Société et la Culture
- Association Nationale Recherche Technologie France
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
- Keywords
- Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale, self-determination theory, autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, employee motivation, scale validation, cross-cultural measurement, psychological needs, autonomy, competence, relatedness, leadership, job design, well-being, organizational commitment, employee performance, turnover intention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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