The necessity for sustainable intervention effects: lessons-learned from an experience sampling intervention for spousal carers of people with dementia
Open accessAbstract
Objectives Caring for a person with dementia can be challenging over the years. To support family carers throughout their entire caregiving career, interventions with a sustained effectivity are needed. A novel 6-week mobile health (mHealth) intervention using the experience sampling method (ESM) showed positive effects on carers’ well-being over a period of 2 months after the intervention. In this study, the effects after 6 months of the selfsame intervention were examined to evaluate the sustainability of positive intervention effects.Method The 6-week mHealth intervention consisted of an experimental group (ESM self-monitoring and personalized feedback), a pseudo-experimental group (ESM self-monitoring without feedback), and a control group (providing regular care without ESM self-monitoring or feedback). Carers’ sense of competence, mastery, and psychological complaints (depression, anxiety and perceived stress) were evaluated pre- and post-intervention as well as at two follow-up time points. The present study focuses on the 6-month follow-up data (n = 50).Results Positive intervention effects on sense of competence, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms were not sustained over 6-month follow-up.Conclusion The benefits of this mHealth intervention for carers of people living with dementia were not sustained over a long time. Similarly, other psychosocial interventions for carers of people with dementia rarely reported long-lasting effects. In order to sustainably contribute to carers’ well-being, researchers and clinicians should continuously ensure flexible adjustment of the intervention and consider additional features such as ad-hoc counseling options and booster sessions. In this regard, mHealth interventions can offer ideally suited and unique opportunities.
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Booster sessions are recommended as a promising strategy for the maintenance of change in caregivers' interventions.
“Booster sessions are recommended as a promising strategy for the maintenance of change in caregivers’ interventions.26”
Booster sessions are suggested in other contexts to support long-term behavioural changes and reinforce patients' learnt coping strategies.
“Booster sessions are suggested in other contexts to support long-term behavioural changes40 and reinforce patients learnt coping strategies.”
From Development, evaluation and implementation of a digital behavioural health treatment for chronic pain: study protocol of the multiphase DAHLIA project (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
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- Authors
- Bartels, S. L., van Knippenberg, R. J. M., Köhler, S., Ponds, R. W., Myin-Germeys, I., Verhey, F. R. J., & de Vugt, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology and Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Corresponding author
- Bartels, Sara Laureen
- ORCID
- Venue
- Aging & Mental Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-08-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2082-2093
- ISSN
- 1360-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1364-6915
- OpenAlex
- W2965378118
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Aging & Mental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Dutch Alzheimer Society (WE03-2011-06)
- Marie Curie Innovative Training Network action (676265)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- dementia caregiving, spousal caregivers, family caregivers, mobile health intervention, ecological momentary assessment, self-monitoring, personalized feedback, intervention sustainability, sense of competence, mastery, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, booster sessions, long-term follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Ecological Momentary Assessment, Anxiety, Dementia, Humans, Stress, Psychological, Caregivers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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