BACE inhibitors in clinical development for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) affirms that brain accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers and soluble aggregates represent the major pathological event of the disease. Several anti-Aβ small organic molecules, monoclonal antibodies and antigens were developed to interfere with Aβ production and clearance, including β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE) inhibitors, blocking the first enzymatic step of Aβ formation. All these approaches, including BACE inhibitors, have failed in large randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in mild-to-moderate AD, but further studies are now being carried out in patients at early AD stages and in asymptomatic subjects at risk of developing AD. Areas covered: The paper provides a comprehensive review of BACE inhibitors for AD treatment, focusing on the most advanced compounds in Phase III RCTs. Expert commentary: BACE inhibitors inhibited robustly, and dose-dependently, Aβ formation in cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients, but without cognitive, clinical, or functional benefit in large RCTs. BACE inhibition may be not sufficient to decrease brain Aβ plaques and aggregates. Indeed, several BACE inhibitors were found to be poorly tolerated and some of them failed also in patients with prodromal AD. This may indicate that blocking the formation of nascent Aβ is not useful in AD.
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Elenbecestat was chosen by the Alzheimer's Clinical Trials Consortium for upcoming primary and secondary prevention studies along with BAN2401.
“In fact, it has been chosen by the Alzheimer’s Clinical Trials Consortium for use in upcoming primary and secondary prevention studies (along with BAN2401) (Panza et al., 2018).”
From Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies (2019) · cites this paper as Panza et al., 2018
These results might support the suggestion that blocking the process of forming Aβ may not be capable of halting Alzheimer disease progression.
“These results might support the suggestion that blocking the process of forming of Aβ may be not capable of halting the disease progression.46”
From Current and Future Treatments in Alzheimer Disease: An Update (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Panza, F., Lozupone, M., Solfrizzi, V., Sardone, R., Piccininni, C., Dibello, V., Stallone, R., Giannelli, G., Bellomo, A., Greco, A., Daniele, A., Seripa, D., Logroscino, G., & Imbimbo, B. P.
- Affiliations
- Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (IT)
- University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)
- Gastroenterology Hospital "Saverio de Bellis" (IT)
- University of Foggia (IT)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Chiesi (Italy) (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Panza, Francesco
- ORCID
- Venue
- Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-10-24
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 847-857
- ISSN
- 1473-7175 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-8360
- OpenAlex
- W2895353112
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18
- FWCI
- 9.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- AIRUS (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- BACE inhibitors, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid hypothesis, amyloid-beta, amyloid precursor protein, anti-amyloid therapy, prodromal Alzheimer's disease, drug tolerability, amyloid plaques, cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta
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