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Authentic and Hubristic Pride: The Affective Core of Self-esteem and Narcissism
Abstract
Do individuals with high self-esteem enjoy positive interpersonal relationships, or are they aggressive and antisocial? Does narcissism reflect an abundance of self-worth, or inflated self-views driven by an overcompensation for low self-esteem? The present research addresses the apparently two-sided nature of self-esteem and narcissism by distinguishing between two distinct self-regulatory processes (narcissistic self-aggrandizement and genuine self-esteem), and proposing that two distinct facets of pride—authentic and hubristic—form the affective core of each. Specifically, findings demonstrate that when narcissistic and genuine self-esteem are empirically distinguished, genuine self-esteem (along with authentic pride) is positively related to successful social relationships and mental health, whereas narcissistic self-aggrandizement (along with hubristic pride) is positively related to aggression and other antisocial behaviors.
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“While engaging in these self-promoting behaviors, narcissists may visibly experience a sense of pride, which outsiders may view as arrogance (Tracy, Cheng, Robins, & Trzesniewski, 2009).”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Tracy, Cheng, Robins, & Trzesniewski, 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tracy, J. L., Cheng, J. T., Robins, R. W., & Trzesniewski, K. H.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Western University (CA)
- Venue
- Self and Identity
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 196-213
- ISSN
- 1529-8868 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-8876
- OpenAlex
- W1978619704
- Cited by
- 455
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 17.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Self and Identity (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
- Keywords
- self-esteem, narcissism, authentic pride, hubristic pride, self-regulation, interpersonal relationships, aggression, antisocial behavior, mental health, affect
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