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Cited by 574Emotions and Moral BehaviorPersonality Traits and PsychologySocial and Intergroup Psychology

Appraisal Antecedents of Shame and Guilt: Support for a Theoretical Model

Tracy, Jessica L., Robins, Richard W.·2006·Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
DOI 10.1177/0146167206290212
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Abstract

Four studies used experimental and correlational methods to test predictions about the antecedents of shame and guilt derived from an appraisal-based model of self-conscious emotions (Tracy & Robins, 2004). Results were consistent with the predicted relations between appraisals (i.e., causal attributions) and emotions. Specifically, (a) internal attributions were positively related to both shame and guilt; (b) the chronic tendency to make external attributions was positively related to the tendency to experience shame; and (c) internal, stable, uncontrollable attributions for failure were positively related to shame, whereas internal, unstable, controllable attributions for failure were positively related to guilt. Emotions and attributions were assessed using a variety of methods, so converging results across studies indicate the robustness of the findings and provide support for the theoretical model.

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  • Shame is associated with feelings of inferiority and worthlessness for a defective self while guilt is associated with feelings of tension and remorse.

    “Therefore, shame is associated with feelings of inferiority and worthlessness for a defective self while guilt is associated with feelings of tension and remorse [30].”

    From The “common” experience of voice-hearing and its relationship with shame and guilt: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [30]

  • Shame is linked to a stable internal and negative perception of the entire self; guilt appears when people attribute an adverse outcome to unstable causes.

    “While the feeling of shame is linked to a stable internal and negative perception of the entire self (e.g., “I’m a bad person), guilt appears when people attribute an adverse outcome to unstable causes (e.g., “I’ve made a bad mistake”).”

    From The “common” experience of voice-hearing and its relationship with shame and guilt: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [30]

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Authors
Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W.
Affiliations
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
ORCID
Venue
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2006-10
Volume
32
Issue
10
Pages
1339-1351
ISSN
  • 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-7433
DOI
10.1177/0146167206290212
OpenAlex
W2057397577
Cited by
574
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 28 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 23
FWCI
12.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords
shame, guilt, self-conscious emotions, emotion appraisal, causal attribution, internal attribution, external attribution, attributional style, failure attribution, emotion regulation
MeSH terms
Affect, Attitude, Guilt, Humans, Models, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Shame

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