Intellectual humility in the sociopolitical domain
Open accessAbstract
A growing body of research has demonstrated the relevance of intellectual humility to a variety of interpersonal and social attitudes and behaviors. There is a need for further replication and expansion of findings about the role of intellectual humility in the sociopolitical domain. We examined sociopolitical intellectual humility (SIH), i.e., a non-threatening awareness of the fallibility of one’s views about sociopolitical topics in relation to attitudes toward specific political groups and issues in a U.S. sample of adults (N = 587). We found SIH was distinct from political apathy and indifference and unrelated to belief in under-supported political claims. SIH was associated with less affective polarization with regard to political and religious groups. In addition, SIH was related to more responsiveness to information on the topic of immigration among individuals primed to think from a defense rather than accuracy motivated perspective. Finally, for individuals primed to think about the fallibility of their knowledge specific to immigration, having higher trait levels of SIH was associated with more responsiveness to information on the topic of immigration.
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People are unlikely to act in an intellectually humble manner when motivated by strong convictions or when their political, religious or ethical values seem to be challenged.
“For instance, people are unlikely to act in an intellectually humble manner when motivated by strong convictions or when their political, religious or ethical values seem to be challenged 1,2 .”
From Predictors and consequences of intellectual humility (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
People are less likely to exhibit intellectual humility when the stakes are high.
“Although acknowledging the limits of one's insights might be easy in low- stakes situations, people are less likely to exhibit intellectual humility when the stakes are high.”
From Predictors and consequences of intellectual humility (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
Cultivating a spirit of intellectual humility could help to reduce political polarization by reducing ego-defensiveness.
“Finally, cultivating a spirit of intellectual humility (responding generously and humbly towards others) could help to reduce political polarization by reducing ego-defensiveness135–138.”
From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [138]
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“Political IH is also associated with less favoritism of in-groups relative to out-groups (Bowes et al., 2020; Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2020) and more political tolerance and less social dominance orientation (Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2021).”
How intellectual humility relates to political and religious polarization
Bowes, S. M., & Tasimi, A. (2024) · Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2024.2394447 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“IH is also related to less political affective polarization (Bowes et al., 2020; Knöchelmann & Cohrs, 2024; Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2020; Smith, 2023; Stanley et al., 2020) and religious aggression (Van Tongeren et al., 2016).”
Sociopolitical Values as the Deep Culture in Culturally-Competent Psychotherapy
Redding, R. E., & Cobb, C. L. (2023) · Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026221126688 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Research strongly suggests that adopting a stance of humility vis-à-vis SPAVs is associated with greater open-mindedness about different political views (Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2020; Stanley et al., 2020).”
BackgroundKoetke, J., & Schumann, K. (2024) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2024.2352739 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“This may be because people higher in IH are more willing to listen and be open to opposing political views (Bowes et al., 2022; Porter & Schumann, 2018) and have more appreciation for political conversations (Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2020, 2021).”
InfluentialHong, L. T., Gavaza, P., Koch, J., & de la Peña, I. C. (2023) · Journal of Interprofessional Education & Practice · doi:10.1016/j.xjep.2023.100674 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Is Intellectual Humility an Antidote for Our Polarized Nation?
Sgambati, T. J., & Ayduk, Ö. N. (2022) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171221125326d · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cultivating Intellectual Humility in Leaders: Potential Benefits, Risks, and Practical Tools
Krumrei-Mancuso, E. J., & Begin, M. R. (2022) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171221125326c · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Critically evaluate the limitations of one’s knowledge on a particular topic or in a particular situation.(32) When people assess the limits of their knowledge in a particular situation or on a particular topic it can make their general intellectual humility more salient in the moment, on the topic in question.”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntellectual humility’s effects on political polarization and engagement
Stroud, N. J., & Murray, C. (2025) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1093/hcr/hqaf007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gollwitzer, A., Bao, E., & Oettingen, G. (2024) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12732 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Is Intellectual Humility Compatible with Political Conviction?
Hannon, M., & Kidd, I. J. (2024) · Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy · doi:10.26556/jesp.v27i2.2856 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Do Political Attitudes Matter for Epistemic Decisions of Scientists?
Sikimić, V., Nikitović, T., Vasić, M., & Subotić, V. (2020) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-020-00504-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Wisdom of Intellectually Humble Networks
Mahjabin, M. R., & Baten, R. A. (2025) · Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2502.02015 · Cited by 4
“However, high-IH individuals are more likely to value dissenting view-points, engage constructively and tolerantly with out-group perspectives, and reconsider their own positions when warranted (Leary, 2018; Porter et al., 2022; Sgambati & Ayduk, 2022; Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2020, 2021).”
Unveiling the perception of politicians' intellectual humility.
Cooper, M. R., & Okten, I. O. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104495 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Who is at risk of bias? Examining dispositional differences in motivated science reception
Altenmüller, M., & Poppe, L. (2024) · Public Understanding of Science · doi:10.1177/09636625241262611 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wang, M.-Y., Li, M., Xu, Q., Yue, Y., Wang, Z.-Y., He, N., & You, X. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06155-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…(Exline & Hill, 2012; Krumrei-Mancuso, 2017 ; LaBouff et al., 2012; Porter et al., 2022), as well as improved inter-personal relationships (McElroy et al., 2014; Stanley et al., 2020) and more harmonious intergroup relations (Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2020; Van Tongeren et al., 2016).”
Longitudinal processes among humility, social justice activism, transcendence, and well-being
Jankowski, P. J., Sandage, S. J., Wang, D. C., Zyphur, M. J., Crabtree, S. A., & Choe, E. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1332640 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…Frontiers in Psychology 02 frontiersin.org (Jankowski et al., 2013; Bell et al., 2017), whereas intellectual humility, a derivative of general humility, has shown nonsignificant associations with behavioral civic engagement (Krumrei-Mancuso and Newman, 2020; Mcelroy-Heltzel et al., 2023).”
BackgroundDo we really think our politicians should be intellectually humble?
Koetke, J., & Schumann, K. (2025) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104729 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Too proud to doubt? The relationship between narcissism and intellectual humility
Zajenkowski, M., Bąk, W., Zeigler‐Hill, V., Górniak, J., Wojciechowski, J., & Stefanowicz, M. (2025) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104670 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
DeVries, J. M., Orona, G., & Arum, R. (2025) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2025.2472921 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“On this note, Krumrei-Mancuso and Newman (2020) used a sociopolitical-specific IH scale, showing that IH promotes politically moderate views and revision of beliefs about immigration.”
Moskowitz, S., & Dewaele, J. (2023) · International Journal of Multilingualism · doi:10.1080/14790718.2023.2227791 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Past research has indicated that IH has positive e ff ects not only on interpersonal relations but also in sociopolitical domains by decreasing a tendency for polarisation among religious and political groups, and even increasing openness towards immigration (Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2020).”
InfluentialYoung Adults’ Folk Theories in a Fragmented Journalistic Environment. The Case of Italy
Garusi, D., & Splendore, S. (2025) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2025.2587763 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Political conviction, intellectual humility, and quietism
Hannon, M., & Kidd, I. J. (2022) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2022.2155230 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Other representatives of the standard view are Pritchard (2021), Porter and Schumann (2018), and Krumrei-Mancuso and Newman (2020).”
BackgroundWójtowicz, B. (2021) · Roczniki Psychologiczne · doi:10.18290/rpsych20234-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…as intellectual humility (Gregg et al., 2017; Krumrei-Mancuso & Rouse, 2016; Leary et al., 2017), cultural humility (Danso, 2018), domain related to political issues (Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2020; Stanley et al., 2020), and to spiritual/religion context (Hodge et al., 2019; Hook et al., 2017).”
BackgroundThiele, J., & Sindermann, C. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101137 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dutta, T., & Maner, J. K. (2025) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113546 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Discriminating the dimensions of humility: a validation study with religious identifying individuals
Jankowski, P. J., Sandage, S. J., Hill, P. C., Chan, A. C., Choe, E. J., & Wang, D. C. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08271-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Knöchelmann, L., Janßen, A., Dörbaum, J., Heck, D. W., & Cohrs, J. C. (2025) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.3177 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Montez, D., & Harwood, J. (2024) · Western journal of communication · doi:10.1080/10570314.2024.2369780 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“IH is not ideological apathy (Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2020).”
Krumrei-Mancuso, E. J., Lorona, R. T., & Hoyle, R. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.107813
Self-citationHartke, L., Gugssa, S. D., & Cohrs, J. (2026) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.70297
General Intellectual Humility Is Malleable Through AI-Mediated Reflective Dialogue
Mahjabin, M. R., & Baten, R. A. (2026) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.23855
“The LLM-based dialogue likely reduced barriers common in human interactions, such as identity threat, fear of embarrassment, or defensive responding in adversarial contexts [34, 62].”
Intellectual humility: Validation and comparison of four self-report scales in the German context
Knöchelmann, L., Kemmer, J., & Cohrs, J. (2026) · Social Psychology · doi:10.32872/spb.12465
Remarkable hospitality: a study of interpersonal hospitality exemplars
Krumrei-Mancuso, E. J., Ge, B. H., & Bowes, S. M. (2026) · Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2026.2615934
“…hospitality to those who are strangers and different from oneself, because these factors have been associated with prosocial attitudes and behaviors toward diverse individuals and outgroup members (e.g. Hotchin & West, 2022; Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2020; Shih et al., 2009; Williams, 2006).”
Self-citationBridging Divides: Intellectual Humility's Role in Peaceful Resolution
Park, J. Y., Lathren, C., Leary, M. R., Davis, J. M., Weiser, M., Magidovich, A. S., & Hoyle, R. H. (2025) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.70042 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jauch, M., Fischer, O., Jaffé, M. E., & Greifeneder, R. (2025) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.70086 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“For instance, studies have found that higher intellectual hu-mility is associated with a stronger preference for political discussions (Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2020) and a higher willingness to approach differently minded others (Knöchelmann & Cohrs, 2025).”
Lira, M. E., & McElroy-Heltzel, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1451306
Peran Mediasi Dogmatisme dalam Hubungan antara Need for Closure dan Intellectual Humility
Harifasyah, I., & Sianipar, A. E. (2024) · Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengukuran Psikologi: JPPP · doi:10.21009/jppp.131.04
“…pengetahuan akademis (Wong & Hong, 2021), meningkatkan toleransi dalam masyarakat plural (Hook e. al., 2017), mengurangi polarisasi politik (Krumrei-Mancuso & Newman, 2020) dan membuat keterampilan sosial menjadi lebih baik, seperti kemampuan untuk belajar dari orang lain dan social…”
BackgroundEditor’s Desk: It’s Critical to Cultivate Intellectual Humility
Johnson, S. S. (2022) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171221125326a · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Fourth, people who hold moderate rather than extreme views tend to be higher in IH and lower in belief superiority, possibly because moderate views tend to be more nuanced and equivocal than extreme ones.(2,32) When people hold an extreme position on an issue, a first tack might be to nudge people reduce the extremity…”
Ökten, I. O., Lombard, J., Harkness, A., & Gullesserian, M. C. (2026) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2026.113729
- Authors
- Krumrei-Mancuso, E. J., & Newman, B.
- Affiliations
- Pepperdine University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Krumrei-Mancuso, Elizabeth J.
- Venue
- Self and Identity
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-01-20
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 989-1016
- ISSN
- 1529-8868 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-8876
- OpenAlex
- W3002570214
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 11.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Self and Identity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Pepperdine Digital Commons (Pepperdine University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Connecticut (Subaward agreement (Agreement 145506) from the Uni)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- intellectual humility, affective polarization, political attitudes, religious attitudes, political apathy, accuracy motivation, immigration attitudes
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