Psychological Interventions to Improve Sleep in Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Open accessAbstract
Introduction The effects of impaired sleep on the wellbeing of young adults are profound, and the adverse outcomes for mental health are well documented in the research literature.Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify, summarize, and synthesize the available evidence from randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) investigating psychological interventions aimed at improving sleep and related secondary outcomes such as anxiety and depression in healthy young adults.Method Nine electronic databases (Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], PubMed, Scopus, PsycNET, CINHAL, INFORMIT, Web of Science [Science and Social Citation Index], OpenSigle and EMBASE) were searched, returning 54 full-text papers for assessment, with 13 studies meeting inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis.Results A random effects meta-analysis showed that the combined effect of all interventions was moderate (ES = −0.53, 95% CIs [- 0.69, −0.36], p < .01), reflecting the efficacy of psychological interventions at improving sleep scores at post-intervention. Subgroup analyses of individual interventions showed that cognitive-behavioral interventions improved sleep (ES = −0.67, 95% CIs [−0.77, −0.57], p < .01) and secondary outcomes for anxiety (ES = −0.35, 95% CIs [−0.56, −0.15], p < .01) and depression (ES = −0.41, 95% CIs [−0.70, −0.13], p < .01) at post-intervention.Conclusion The results of the current review support the implementation of cognitive and behavioral interventions for sleep among young adults experiencing both sleep and comorbid mental health problems.
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) and mindfulness intervention approaches hold some promise.
“Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) and mindfulness intervention approaches hold some promise (33–35).”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Kodsi, A., Bullock, B., Kennedy, G. A., & Tirlea, L.
- Affiliations
- Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
- Federation University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kodsi, Ali
- Venue
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-02-07
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 125-142
- ISSN
- 1540-2002 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-2010
- OpenAlex
- W3128187407
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 0.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- FedUni ResearchOnline (Federation University Australia) (submittedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Rotary Health Scholarship
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- sleep improvement, psychological intervention, young adults, cognitive-behavioral intervention, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, psychiatric comorbidity
- MeSH terms
- Psychosocial Intervention, Depression, Humans, Mental Health, Sleep, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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