The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
High-protein diets in trained individuals
Abstract
The United States (US) recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram body weight per day (g/kg/d). The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) recently recommended an intake of 1.4-2.0 g/kg/d whereas the United States and Canadian Dietetic Association typically recommend a lower range of 1.2 to 1.7 g/kg/d. It is clear that the US RDA for protein is grossly inadequate for exercising individuals; thus, athletes are typically advised to consume twice the RDA. This falls within the range commonly recommended by academic societies. The effect of protein consumption that exceeds these aforementioned guidelines is not entirely known. This review examines the current literature as it pertains to the influence of very high protein intakes in trained individuals (i.e., humans). It is the scientific opinion of the author that athletes should consume at least 2.2 g/kg/d of protein.
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“It is worth noting that traditional concerns with high protein intakes (i.e. adverse effects on kidney, liver, and bone health) lack evidentiary support in healthy populations [123–128].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: diets for body weight reduction (2026) · cites this paper as [128]
Citations
Cites
Morton, R. W., Murphy, K. T., McKellar, S. R., Schoenfeld, B. J., Henselmans, M., Helms, E., Aragon, A. A., Devries, M. C., Banfield, L., Krieger, J. W., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097608 · Cited by 1,269 · cited 3×
“6 g/kg/d is sufficient for most individuals seeking to increase lean body mass (Morton et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialInternational Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise
Jäger, R., Kerksick, C. M., Campbell, B. I., Cribb, P. J., Wells, S. D., Skwiat, T. M., Purpura, M., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Ferrando, A. A., Arent, S. M., et al. (2017) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8 · Cited by 873 · cited 4×
“It is has been proposed that high protein consumption (i.e., > RDA) may be harmful under certain conditions (Levey et al., 2006; Rhee, Ahmadi, Kovesdy, & Kalantar-Zadeh, 2018; Watanabe, 2017; Zhu et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationFarnsworth, E., Luscombe, N. D., Noakes, M., Wittert, G., Argyiou, E., & Clifton, P. M. (2003) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.1.31 · Cited by 438 · cited 5×
“8 g/kg/d) to a higher amount may have beneficial metabolic effects with no adverse effects (Farnsworth et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialInternational society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition
Aragon, A. A., Schoenfeld, B. J., Wildman, R., Kleiner, S., VanDusseldorp, T., Taylor, L., Earnest, C. P., Arciero, P. J., Wilborn, C., Kalman, D. S., et al. (2017) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0174-y · Cited by 301
Bray, G. A., Smith, S. R., de Jonge, L., Xie, H., Rood, J., Martin, C. K., Most, M., Brock, C., Mancuso, S., & Redman, L. M. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1918 · Cited by 285 · cited 5×
“High-protein studies – ≥ 2.2 g/kg/d – sedentary individuals There is a dearth of investigations in which subjects consume a high amount of protein (Antonio, Ellerbroek, Peacock, & Silver, 2017; Antonio et al., 2015, 2016; Antonio, Peacock, Ellerbroek, Fromhoff, & Silver, 2014; Bray et al., 2012; Campbell et al., 2018;…”
BackgroundInfluentialLongland, T. M., Oikawa, S. Y., Mitchell, C. J., Devries, M. C., & Phillips, S. M. (2016) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.119339 · Cited by 271
Wycherley, T. P., Noakes, M., Clifton, P. M., Cleanthous, X., Keogh, J. B., & Brinkworth, G. D. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1974 · Cited by 240 · cited 3×
“…2004; Campos-Nonato, Hernandez, & Barquera, 2017; Farnsworth et al., 2003; Luscombe, Clifton, Noakes, Farnsworth, & Wittert, 2003; Morenga, Williams, Brown, & Mann, 2010; Parker, Noakes, Luscombe, & Clifton, 2002; Wycherley, Buckley, Noakes, Clifton, & Brinkworth, 2013; Wycherley et al., 2010).”
BackgroundAntonio, J., Ellerbroek, A., Silver, T., Orris, S., Scheiner, M., Gonzalez, A., & Peacock, C. A. (2015) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-015-0100-0 · Cited by 140
Luscombe, N. D., Clifton, P. M., Noakes, M., Farnsworth, E., & Wittert, G. (2003) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802270 · Cited by 124
Antonio, J., Peacock, C. A., Ellerbroek, A., Fromhoff, B., & Silver, T. (2014) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-11-19 · Cited by 121
Antonio, J., Ellerbroek, A., Silver, T., Vargas, L., & Peacock, C. (2016) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0114-2 · Cited by 81
Amamou, T., Normandin, E., Pouliot, J., Dionne, I. J., Brochu, M., & Riesco, E. (2017) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-016-0760-8 · Cited by 40
Casein Protein Supplementation in Trained Men and Women: Morning versus Evening
Antonio, J. (2017) · International Journal of Exercise Science · doi:10.70252/qwha8703 · Cited by 25
Research works printed but not linked: 20
- 10.1186/s12970-018-0210-6 · DOI · Paper page
- Antonio J., 2017, International Journal of Exercise Science, 10, 479
- 2016, Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2016, 9104792
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- 10.1111/jdi.12148 · DOI
- 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.08.023 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1038/ejcn.2010.163 · DOI
- 10.1093/ajcn/33.5.978 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2337/diacare.25.3.425 · DOI
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- 10.1093/ajcn/43.5.723 · DOI
- 10.1002/jcsm.12264 · DOI
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: diets for body weight reduction
Aragon, A. A., Campbell, B. I., Schoenfeld, B. J., Stout, J. R., Kalman, D., Arciero, P. J., Arent, S. M., Kreider, R. B., Taylor, L. W., Bannock, L., et al. (2026) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2026.2740266
Metadata
- Authors
- Antonio, J.
- Affiliations
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
- Venue
- Research in Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-09-22
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 195-203
- ISSN
- 1543-8627
- 1543-8635
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 13
- Language
- en
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