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Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines
Open accessAbstract
The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell‐released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV‐associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
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“The establishment of the so-called “minimum information for experimentation” (for example, “Minimum information about a microarray experiment” (MIAME) or “Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles” (MISEV)) led to an improvement in data reporting quality, harmonization, and reproducibility2,3.”
From Guidelines for minimal information on cellular senescence experimentation in vivo (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
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“In such instances, MISEV2018 has advised the use of “operational terms” to name the isolated EVs with descriptions of isolation method, such as distinct sizes (small EVs (sEVs), less than 200 nm), medium and large EVs (m/lEVs, larger than 200 nm)), specific proteins/cargos/compositions and cellular origins [125].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [125]
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“In contrast, large extracellular vesicles are generated by direct outward budding of the plasma membrane, producing microvesicles, microparticles and large vesicles ranging from ∼100 nm to 1 μm in diameter [14].”
From Ferroptosis-dependent extracellular vesicles from macrophage contribute to asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis through loading ferritin (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Reportedly, vesicle-cell fusion and receptor-mediated endocytosis are associated with cellular response and the other two pathways are for the clearance of EVs [14].”
From Ferroptosis-dependent extracellular vesicles from macrophage contribute to asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis through loading ferritin (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
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“The particle-to-protein ratio has been proposed as an indicator for estimating the purity of EV preparations [60], although its applicability requires careful evaluation [49,50], since expected ratios can vary depending on multiple factors, such as EV origin and isolation method.”
From Optimized Wound Healing Assay to Study Extracellular Vesicle-Driven Glioblastoma Cell Migration (2026) · cites this paper as [49]
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“miRNAs have been detected from all body fluids, including FF [32, 56], and may be involved in cell-to-cell communication [33].”
From Hsa-mir-548 family expression in human reproductive tissues (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
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“Exosomes were isolated according to published guidelines [23].”
From A tailored bioactive 3D porous poly(lactic-acid)-exosome scaffold with osteo-immunomodulatory and osteogenic differentiation properties (2022) · cites this paper as [23]
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“EV isolation and characterization were performed according to MISEV 2018 and 2023 [49,50], as previously reported [43].”
From Optimized Wound Healing Assay to Study Extracellular Vesicle-Driven Glioblastoma Cell Migration (2026) · cites this paper as [49]
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“Characterization of PD mice exosomes (PD EXO) or control mice exosomes (Con EXO) was performed according to MISEV [21] using WB, NTA, and TEM.”
From Oral Microbially-Induced Small Extracellular Vesicles Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
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Cites
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Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- References especially those provided to illustrate methods and approaches are representative only and are not meant to be a comprehensive review of the literature. Most references were derived from suggestions provided in the MISEV2018 Survey results. Each reference was checked by multiple authors. Citation implies deemed relevance of scientific content and not an endorsement by the authors or ISEV of any particular journal or editorial practice.
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Cited by
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Kalluri, R., & LeBleu, V. S. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau6977 · Cited by 10,770
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1
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Metadata
- Authors
- Théry, C., Witwer, K. W., Aikawa, E., Alcaraz, M. J., Anderson, J. D., Andriantsitohaina, R., Antoniou, A., Arab, T., Archer, F., Atkin‐Smith, G. K., Ayre, D. C., Bach, J., Bachurski, D., Baharvand, H., Balaj, L., Baldacchino, S., Bauer, N. N., Baxter, A. A., Bebawy, M., Beckham, C., Bedina Zavec, A., Benmoussa, A., Berardi, A. C., Bergese, P., Bielska, E., Blenkiron, C., Bobis‐Wozowicz, S., Boilard, E., Boireau, W., Bongiovanni, A., Borràs, F. E., Bosch, S., Boulanger, C. M., Breakefield, X., Breglio, A. M., Brennan, M. Á., Brigstock, D. R., Brisson, A., Broekman, M. L., Bromberg, J. F., Bryl‐Górecka, P., Buch, S., Buck, A. H., Burger, D., Busatto, S., Buschmann, D., Bussolati, B., Buzás, E. I., Byrd, J. B., Camussi, G., Carter, D. R., Caruso, S., Chamley, L. W., Chang, Y., Chen, C., Chen, S., Cheng, L., Chin, A. R., Clayton, A., Clerici, S. P., Cocks, A., Cocucci, E., Coffey, R. J., Cordeiro‐da‐Silva, A., Couch, Y., Coumans, F. A., Coyle, B., Crescitelli, R., Criado, M. F., D'Souza‐Schorey, C., Das, S., Datta Chaudhuri, A., de Candia, P., De Santana, E. F., De Wever, O., del Portillo, H. A., Demaret, T., Deville, S., Devitt, A., Dhondt, B., Di Vizio, D., Dieterich, L. C., Dolo, V., Dominguez Rubio, A. P., Dominici, M., Dourado, M. R., Driedonks, T. A., Duarte, F. V., Duncan, H. M., Eichenberger, R. M., Ekström, K., EL Andaloussi, S., Elie‐Caille, C., Erdbrügger, U., Falcón‐Pérez, J. M., Fatima, F., Fish, J. E., Flores‐Bellver, M., Försönits, A., Frelet‐Barrand, A., Fricke, F., Fuhrmann, G., Gabrielsson, S., Gámez‐Valero, A., Gardiner, C., Gärtner, K., Gaudin, R., Gho, Y. S., Giebel, B., Gilbert, C., Gimona, M., Giusti, I., Goberdhan, D. C., Görgens, A., Gorski, S. M., Greening, D. W., Gross, J. C., Gualerzi, A., Gupta, G. N., Gustafson, D., Handberg, A., Haraszti, R. A., Harrison, P., Hegyesi, H., Hendrix, A., Hill, A. F., Hochberg, F. H., Hoffmann, K. F., Holder, B., Holthofer, H., Hosseinkhani, B., Hu, G., Huang, Y., Huber, V., Hunt, S., Ibrahim, A. G., Ikezu, T., Inal, J. M., Isin, M., Ivanova, A., Jackson, H. K., Jacobsen, S., Jay, S. M., Jayachandran, M., Jenster, G., Jiang, L., Johnson, S. M., Jones, J. C., Jong, A., Jovanovic‐Talisman, T., Jung, S., Kalluri, R., Kano, S., Kaur, S., Kawamura, Y., Keller, E. T., Khamari, D., Khomyakova, E., Khvorova, A., Kierulf, P., Kim, K. P., Kislinger, T., Klingeborn, M., Klinke, D. J., Kornek, M., Kosanović, M. M., Kovács, Á. F., Krämer‐Albers, E., Krasemann, S., Krause, M., Kurochkin, I. V., Kusuma, G. D., Kuypers, S., Laitinen, S., Langevin, S. M., Languino, L. R., Lannigan, J., Lässer, C., Laurent, L. C., Lavieu, G., Lázaro‐Ibáñez, E., Le Lay, S., Lee, M., Lee, Y. X. F., Lemos, D. S., Lenassi, M., Leszczynska, A., Li, I. T., Liao, K., Libregts, S. F., Ligeti, E., Lim, R., Lim, S. K., Linē, A., Linnemannstöns, K., Llorente, A., Lombard, C. A., Lorenowicz, M. J., Lörincz, Á. M., Lötvall, J., Lovett, J., Lowry, M. C., Loyer, X., Lu, Q., Lukomska, B., Lunavat, T. R., Maas, S. L., Malhi, H., Marcilla, A., Mariani, J., Mariscal, J., Martens‐Uzunova, E. S., Martin‐Jaular, L., Martinez, M. C., Martins, V. R., Mathieu, M., Mathivanan, S., Maugeri, M., McGinnis, L. K., McVey, M. J., Meckes, D. G., Meehan, K. L., Mertens, I., Minciacchi, V. R., Möller, A., Møller Jørgensen, M., Morales‐Kastresana, A., Morhayim, J., Mullier, F., Muraca, M., Musante, L., Mussack, V., Muth, D. C., Myburgh, K. H., Najrana, T., Nawaz, M., Nazarenko, I., Nejsum, P., Neri, C., Neri, T., Nieuwland, R., Nimrichter, L., Nolan, J. P., Nolte‐'t Hoen, E. N., Noren Hooten, N., O'Driscoll, L., O'Grady, T., O'Loghlen, A., Ochiya, T., Olivier, M., Ortiz, A., Ortiz, L. A., Osteikoetxea, X., Østergaard, O., Ostrowski, M., Park, J., Pegtel, D. M., Peinado, H., Perut, F., Pfaffl, M. W., Phinney, D. G., Pieters, B. C., Pink, R. C., Pisetsky, D. S., Pogge von Strandmann, E., Polakovicova, I., Poon, I. K., Powell, B. H., Prada, I., Pulliam, L., Quesenberry, P., Radeghieri, A., Raffai, R. L., Raimondo, S., Rak, J., Ramirez, M. I., Raposo, G., Rayyan, M. S., Regev‐Rudzki, N., Ricklefs, F. L., Robbins, P. D., Roberts, D. D., Rodrigues, S. C., Rohde, E., Rome, S., Rouschop, K. M., Rughetti, A., Russell, A. E., Saá, P., Sahoo, S., Salas‐Huenuleo, E., Sánchez, C., Saugstad, J. A., Saul, M. J., Schiffelers, R. M., Schneider, R., Schøyen, T. H., Scott, A., Shahaj, E., Sharma, S., Shatnyeva, O., Shekari, F., Shelke, G. V., Shetty, A. K., Shiba, K., Siljander, P. R., Silva, A. M., Skowronek, A., Snyder, O. L., Soares, R. P., Sódar, B. W., Soekmadji, C., Sotillo, J., Stahl, P. D., Stoorvogel, W., Stott, S. L., Strasser, E. F., Swift, S., Tahara, H., Tewari, M., Timms, K., Tiwari, S., Tixeira, R., Tkach, M., Toh, W. S., Tomasini, R., Torrecilhas, A. C., Tosar, J. P., Toxavidis, V., Urbanelli, L., Vader, P., van Balkom, B. W., van der Grein, S. G., Van Deun, J., van Herwijnen, M. J., Van Keuren‐Jensen, K., van Niel, G., van Royen, M. E., van Wijnen, A. J., Vasconcelos, M. H., Vechetti, I. J., Veit, T. D., Vella, L. J., Velot, É., Verweij, F. J., Vestad, B., Viñas, J. L., Visnovitz, T., Vukman, K. V., Wahlgren, J., Watson, D. C., Wauben, M. H., Weaver, A., Webber, J. P., Weber, V., Wehman, A. M., Weiss, D. J., Welsh, J. A., Wendt, S., Wheelock, A. M., Wiener, Z., Witte, L., Wolfram, J., Xagorari, A., Xander, P., Xu, J., Yan, X., Yáñez‐Mó, M., Yin, H., Yuana, Y., Zappulli, V., Zarubova, J., Žėkas, V., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Zheng, L., Zheutlin, A. R., Zickler, A. M., Zimmermann, P., Zivkovic, A. M., Zocco, D., & Zuba‐Surma, E. K.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM) University of Valencia Polytechnic University of Valencia Valencia Spain
- University of California, Davis (US)
- University Hospital Bonn (DE)
- École Pratique des Hautes Études (FR)
- La Trobe University (AU)
- Mount Allison University (CA)
- Université Bretagne Loire (FR)
- University of Cologne (DE)
- University of Science and Culture (IR)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- University of Malta (MT)
- University of South Alabama (US)
- University of Technology Sydney (AU)
- University of Rochester (US)
- National Institute of Chemistry Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology Ljubljana Slovenia
- Université Laval (CA)
- Azienda USL di Pescara (IT)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (IT)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- Université Laval Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity Quebec City Canada
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy (IT)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Université Bretagne Loire Oniris INRA IECM Nantes France
- Harvard University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (US)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Lund University (SE)
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (US)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- University of Turin (IT)
- Semmelweis University (HU)
- University of Michigan Department of Medicine Ann Arbor MI USA
- Oxford Brookes University (GB)
- National Taiwan University Hospital (TW)
- National Tsing Hua University (TW)
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) Institute of Reproductive Biology Dummerstorf Germany
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR)
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Medical School Ribeirão Preto Brazil
- University of Notre Dame Department of Biological Sciences Notre Dame IN USA
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Neurology Baltimore MD USA
- IRCCS MultiMedica Milan Italy
- The Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein São Paulo Brazil
- Ghent University Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research Ghent Belgium
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Barcelona Spain
- UCLouvain (BE)
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (BE)
- Aston University (GB)
- Ghent University Hospital (BE)
- Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- University of L'Aquila (IT)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Química Biológica Buenos Aires Argentina
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (IT)
- University of Campinas Piracicaba Dental School Department of Oral Diagnosis Piracicaba Brazil
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Exogenus Therapeutics Cantanhede Portugal
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (CA)
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AU)
- Evox Therapeutics Limited Oxford UK
- FEMTO‐ST Institute UBFC CNRS ENSMM UTBM Besançon France
- University of Virginia Health System (US)
- Ikerbasque (ES)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- University Health Network (CA)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (DE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University College London (GB)
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- INSERM U1110 Strasbourg France
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (KR)
- Essen University Hospital (DE)
- Paracelsus Medical University (AT)
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation (IT)
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Aalborg University Hospital (DK)
- University of Massachusetts Medical School RNA Therapeutics Institute Worcester MA USA
- Ghent University (BE)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Aberystwyth University (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University Clinic Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- Hasselt University (BE)
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (IT)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Boston University (US)
- University of Hertfordshire (GB)
- Istanbul University Oncology Institute Basic Oncology Department Istanbul Turkey
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic Section 4242 ‐ Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Department of Urology Rotterdam The Netherlands
- University of Manchester (GB)
- University of Southern California (US)
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Beckman Research Institute Department of Molecular Medicine Duarte CA USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- University of Tsukuba (JP)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine named after Y.M. Lopukhin (RU)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- Duke University (US)
- West Virginia University (US)
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (DE)
- University of Belgrade (RS)
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- Sysmex (Japan) (JP)
- Finnish Red Cross (FI)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Thomas Jefferson University (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Institut Curie INSERM U932 PSL Research University Paris France
- AstraZeneca (Sweden) (SE)
- INSERM U1063 Université d'Angers CHU d'Angers Angers France
- Eulji University (KR)
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Federal University of Paraná Department of Genetics Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory Curitiba Brazil
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus (CA)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Semmelweis University Department of Physiology Budapest Hungary
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre (LV)
- Stellenbosch University (ZA)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre NeuroRepair Department Warsaw Poland
- University of Bergen (NO)
- Universitat de València (ES)
- University of Milan (IT)
- AC Camargo Hospital (BR)
- Florida State University (US)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Georg Speyer Haus (DE)
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- EVSEARCH.DK Denmark
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (BE)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Brown University (US)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Sorbonne Université Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging (B2A) Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative and Aging (Brain‐C) Paris France
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Scintillon Institute (US)
- Utrecht University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Utrecht The Netherlands
- National Institutes of Health National Institute on Aging Baltimore MD USA
- Trinity College Dublin School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Panoz Institute & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Dublin Ireland
- University of Liège GIGA‐R(MBD) PSI Laboratory Liège Belgium
- Queen Mary University of London Blizard Institute Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group London UK
- National Cancer Center Research Institute (JP)
- IIS‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz‐UAM Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Madrid Spain
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- AstraZeneca (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Statens Serum Institut (DK)
- University of Buenos Aires Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL)
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) Molecular Oncology Programme Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory Madrid Spain
- Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IT)
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Philipps University Marburg Experimental Tumor Biology Marburg Germany
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) Santiago Chile
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience Milan Italy
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Francisco CA USA
- University of Palermo (IT)
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (BR)
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- CNC Coimbra Portugal
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- American Red Cross (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (CL)
- Clínica Las Condes (CL)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Technische Universität Darmstadt (DE)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- University of Toronto Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology Toronto Canada
- University of Bristol (GB)
- California NanoSystems Institute (US)
- Royan Institute (IR)
- Olin E. Teague Veterans Medical Center (US)
- Japanese Foundation For Cancer Research (JP)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology (PL)
- Kansas State University (US)
- Fiocruz Minas (BR)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Hiroshima University (JP)
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- UNIFESP Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Diadema Brazil
- Universidad de la República de Uruguay (UY)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- University of Perugia (IT)
- University Medical Center Utrecht Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Utrecht The Netherlands
- TGen Neurogenomics Division Phoenix AZ USA
- Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience INSERM U894 Paris France
- Department of Pathology Erasmus MC Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Mayo Clinic Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rochester MN USA
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- University Hospitals of Cleveland (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Universität für Weiterbildung Krems (AT)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- University of Vermont Medical Center (US)
- Universitätsklinikum Aachen (DE)
- Karolinska Institute Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Respiratory Medicine Unit Stockholm Sweden
- G. Papanikolaou General Hospital (GR)
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo Campus Diadema Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários São Paulo Brazil
- Xiamen University (CN)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (ES)
- University of Macau (MO)
- Eindhoven University of Technology (NL)
- Institute of Physiology CAS Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering BIOCEV Vestec Czech Republic
- Vilnius University (LT)
- Guangzhou Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology Guangzhou China
- Nanfang Hospital (CN)
- Exosomics Siena SpA Siena Italy
- Corresponding author
- Théry, Clotilde
- Witwer, Kenneth W
- ORCID
- Théry, Clotilde
- Witwer, Kenneth W
- Aikawa, Elena
- Anderson, Johnathon D
- Andriantsitohaina, Ramaroson
- Antoniou, Anna
- Arab, Tanina
- Archer, Fabienne
- Atkin‐Smith, Georgia K
- Ayre, D Craig
- Bach, Jean‐Marie
- Bachurski, Daniel
- Baharvand, Hossein
- Balaj, Leonora
- Baldacchino, Shawn
- Bauer, Natalie N
- Baxter, Amy A
- Bebawy, Mary
- Benmoussa, Abderrahim
- Berardi, Anna C
- Bergese, Paolo
- Bielska, Ewa
- Blenkiron, Cherie
- Bobis‐Wozowicz, Sylwia
- Boireau, Wilfrid
- Bongiovanni, Antonella
- Borràs, Francesc E
- Boulanger, Chantal M
- Breakefield, Xandra
- Breglio, Andrew M
- Brennan, Meadhbh Á
- Brigstock, David R
- Brisson, Alain
- Broekman, Marike LD
- Bromberg, Jacqueline F
- Bryl‐Górecka, Paulina
- Buch, Shilpa
- Buck, Amy H
- Burger, Dylan
- Busatto, Sara
- Buschmann, Dominik
- Bussolati, Benedetta
- Buzás, Edit I
- Camussi, Giovanni
- Carter, David RF
- Caruso, Sarah
- Chamley, Lawrence W
- Chang, Yu‐Ting
- Chen, Chihchen
- Cheng, Lesley
- Clayton, Aled
- Clerici, Stefano P
- Cocucci, Emanuele
- Cordeiro‐da‐Silva, Anabela
- Couch, Yvonne
- Coumans, Frank AW
- Coyle, Beth
- Crescitelli, Rossella
- Das, Saumya
- Demaret, Tanguy
- Deville, Sarah
- Devitt, Andrew
- Dhondt, Bert
- Dieterich, Lothar C
- Dolo, Vincenza
- Dominici, Massimo
- Driedonks, Tom AP
- Duarte, Filipe V
- Duncan, Heather M
- Eichenberger, Ramon M
- Ekström, Karin
- Erdbrügger, Uta
- Falcón‐Pérez, Juan M
- Fatima, Farah
- Fish, Jason E
- Flores‐Bellver, Miguel
- Frelet‐Barrand, Annie
- Fricke, Fabia
- Fuhrmann, Gregor
- Gabrielsson, Susanne
- Gámez‐Valero, Ana
- Gardiner, Chris
- Gärtner, Kathrin
- Gho, Yong Song
- Giebel, Bernd
- Gilbert, Caroline
- Gimona, Mario
- Giusti, Ilaria
- Goberdhan, Deborah CI
- Görgens, André
- Gorski, Sharon M
- Greening, David W
- Gross, Julia Christina
- Gualerzi, Alice
- Gupta, Gopal N
- Gustafson, Dakota
- Handberg, Aase
- Harrison, Paul
- Hegyesi, Hargita
- Hendrix, An
- Hill, Andrew F
- Hochberg, Fred H
- Hoffmann, Karl F
- Holder, Beth
- Hosseinkhani, Baharak
- Hu, Guoku
- Huang, Yiyao
- Huber, Veronica
- Hunt, Stuart
- Ibrahim, Ahmed Gamal‐Eldin
- Ikezu, Tsuneya
- Inal, Jameel M
- Ivanova, Alena
- Jackson, Hannah K
- Jay, Steven M
- Jayachandran, Muthuvel
- Jenster, Guido
- Jiang, Lanzhou
- Johnson, Suzanne M
- Jones, Jennifer C
- Jung, Stephanie
- Kalluri, Raghu
- Kano, Shin‐ichi
- Kaur, Sukhbir
- Kawamura, Yumi
- Keller, Evan T
- Khamari, Delaram
- Khomyakova, Elena
- Khvorova, Anastasia
- Kim, Kwang Pyo
- Kislinger, Thomas
- Klingeborn, Mikael
- Klinke, David J
- Kornek, Miroslaw
- Kosanović, Maja M
- Kovács, Árpád Ferenc
- Krämer‐Albers, Eva‐Maria
- Krasemann, Susanne
- Kurochkin, Igor V
- Kusuma, Gina D
- Kuypers, Sören
- Laitinen, Saara
- Langevin, Scott M
- Languino, Lucia R
- Lannigan, Joanne
- Lässer, Cecilia
- Laurent, Louise C
- Lázaro‐Ibáñez, Elisa
- Lee, Myung‐Shin
- Lee, Yi Xin Fiona
- Lenassi, Metka
- Leszczynska, Aleksandra
- Li, Isaac TS
- Liao, Ke
- Libregts, Sten F
- Lim, Rebecca
- Lim, Sai Kiang
- Linē, Aija
- Llorente, Alicia
- Lombard, Catherine A
- Lorenowicz, Magdalena J
- Lötvall, Jan
- Lovett, Jason
- Loyer, Xavier
- Lu, Quan
- Lunavat, Taral R
- Maas, Sybren LN
- Malhi, Harmeet
- Marcilla, Antonio
- Mariani, Jacopo
- Mariscal, Javier
- Martens‐Uzunova, Elena S
- Martins, Vilma Regina
- Mathieu, Mathilde
- Mathivanan, Suresh
- Maugeri, Marco
- McGinnis, Lynda K
- McVey, Mark J
- Meckes, David G
- Meehan, Katie L
- Mertens, Inge
- Minciacchi, Valentina R
- Möller, Andreas
- Morales‐Kastresana, Aizea
- Morhayim, Jess
- Mullier, François
- Muraca, Maurizio
- Musante, Luca
- Mussack, Veronika
- Muth, Dillon C
- Myburgh, Kathryn H
- Najrana, Tanbir
- Nawaz, Muhammad
- Nazarenko, Irina
- Nejsum, Peter
- Neri, Tommaso
- Nieuwland, Rienk
- Nimrichter, Leonardo
- Nolan, John P
- Ochiya, Takahiro
- Olivier, Martin
- Ortiz, Luis A
- Osteikoetxea, Xabier
- Østergaard, Ole
- Park, Jaesung
- Pegtel, D. Michiel
- Perut, Francesca
- Pfaffl, Michael W
- Phinney, Donald G
- Pieters, Bartijn CH
- Pink, Ryan C
- Pisetsky, David S
- Poon, Ivan KH
- Powell, Bonita H
- Prada, Ilaria
- Pulliam, Lynn
- Quesenberry, Peter
- Radeghieri, Annalisa
- Raimondo, Stefania
- Rak, Janusz
- Ramirez, Marcel I
- Raposo, Graça
- Rayyan, Morsi S
- Regev‐Rudzki, Neta
- Ricklefs, Franz L
- Robbins, Paul D
- Roberts, David D
- Rohde, Eva
- Rome, Sophie
- Rouschop, Kasper MA
- Rughetti, Aurelia
- Russell, Ashley E
- Saá, Paula
- Sahoo, Susmita
- Salas‐Huenuleo, Edison
- Sánchez, Catherine
- Saugstad, Julie A
- Saul, Meike J
- Schiffelers, Raymond M
- Schøyen, Tine Hiorth
- Scott, Aaron
- Shahaj, Eriomina
- Sharma, Shivani
- Shatnyeva, Olga
- Shekari, Faezeh
- Shelke, Ganesh Vilas
- Shetty, Ashok K
- Shiba, Kiyotaka
- Siljander, Pia R‐M
- Silva, Andreia M
- Soares, Rodrigo Pedro
- Soekmadji, Carolina
- Sotillo, Javier
- Stoorvogel, Willem
- Stott, Shannon L
- Strasser, Erwin F
- Swift, Simon
- Tahara, Hidetoshi
- Tewari, Muneesh
- Timms, Kate
- Tiwari, Swasti
- Tixeira, Rochelle
- Tkach, Mercedes
- Toh, Wei Seong
- Tomasini, Richard
- Tosar, Juan Pablo
- Urbanelli, Lorena
- Vader, Pieter
- Vasconcelos, M Helena
- Vechetti, Ivan J
- Veit, Tiago D
- Vella, Laura J
- Velot, Émilie
- Verweij, Frederik J
- Vestad, Beate
- Viñas, Jose L
- Visnovitz, Tamás
- Vukman, Krisztina V
- Watson, Dionysios C
- Wauben, Marca HM
- Weaver, Alissa
- Webber, Jason P
- Weber, Viktoria
- Wehman, Ann M
- Welsh, Joshua A
- Wiener, Zoltán
- Witte, Leonie
- Wolfram, Joy
- Xagorari, Angeliki
- Yan, Xiaomei
- Yáñez‐Mó, María
- Yin, Hang
- Zappulli, Valentina
- Žėkas, Vytautas
- Zhao, Zezhou
- Zheng, Lei
- Zheutlin, Alexander R
- Zickler, Antje M
- Zimmermann, Pascale
- Zivkovic, Angela M
- Zuba‐Surma, Ewa K
- Venue
- Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-11-23
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1535750-1535750
- ISSN
- 2001-3078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6322352
- OpenAlex
- W2900756811
- Cited by
- 11,099
- References
- 323
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1165 · 2025: 1224 · 2024: 1684 · 2023: 1854 · 2022: 1817 · 2021: 1653 · 2020: 1186 · 2019: 486 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 296.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Extracellular Vesicles (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- HZI (Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi dell Aquila (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
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- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Cronfa (Swansea University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
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- IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
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- Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux) (submittedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
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- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- La Trobe University
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR‐11‐LABX‐0043, ANR‐10‐IDEX‐0001‐02 PSL, ANR-11-LABX-0043, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL)
- National Institute on Aging (AG057430)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA040385, DA047807)
- Institut National Du Cancer (INCA‐11548)
- Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (PGA1 RF20180206962, PJA 20171206453)
- Sidaction (17‐1‐AAE‐1138, 17-1-AAE-1138)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH118164)
- INSERM, Institut Curie, Ministry of Education (NA)
- INCa (INCA-11548)
- Fondation ARC (PGA1 RF20180206962, PJA 20171206453)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Caveolin-1 and cellular processes
- Keywords
- extracellular vesicles, exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosome, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, vesicle biogenesis, vesicle release, vesicle characterization, reporting checklist
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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