Selective stabilization of tau in axons and microtubule-associated protein 2C in cell bodies and dendrites contributes to polarized localization of cytoskeletal proteins in mature neurons.
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In mature neurons, tau is abundant in axons, whereas microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and MAP2C are specifically localized in dendrites. Known mechanisms involved in the compartmentalization of these cytoskeletal proteins include the differential localization of mRNA (MAP2 mRNA in dendrites, MAP2C mRNA in cell body, and Tau mRNA in proximal axon revealed by in situ hybridization) (Garner, C.C., R.P. Tucker, and A. Matus. 1988. Nature (Lond.). 336:674-677; Litman, P., J. Barg, L. Rindzooski, and I. Ginzburg. 1993. Neuron. 10:627-638), suppressed transit of MAP2 into axons (revealed by cDNA transfection into neurons) (Kanai, Y., and N. Hirokawa. 1995. Neuron. 14:421-432), and differential turnover of MAP2 in axons vs dendrites (Okabe, S., and N. Hirokawa. 1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:4127-4131). To investigate whether differential turnover of MAPs contributes to localization of other major MAPs in general, we microinjected biotinylated tau, MAP2C, or MAP2 into mature spinal cord neurons in culture (approximately 3 wk) and then analyzed their fates by antibiotin immunocytochemistry. Initially, each was detected in axons and dendrites, although tau persisted only in axons, whereas MAP2C and MAP2 were restricted to cell bodies and dendrites. Injected MAP2C and MAP2 bound to dendritic microtubules more firmly than to microtubules in axons, while injected tau bound to axonal microtubules more firmly than to microtubules in dendrites. Thus, beyond contributions from mRNA localization and selective axonal transport, compartmentalization of each of the three major MAPs occurs through local differential turnover.
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Tau is highly expressed in neurons in the mammalian brain and normally localizes predominantly to axons as an important regulator of axonal transport.
“Tau is highly expressed in neurons in the mammalian brain, and normally localizes predominantly to axons as an important regulator of axonal transport [124–126].”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [126]
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- Authors
- Hirokawa, N., Funakoshi, T., Sato-Harada, R., & Kanai, Y.
- Affiliations
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of cell biology
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1996-02-15
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 667-679
- ISSN
- 0021-9525 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8140
- PMC
- PMC2199865
- OpenAlex
- W2099157136
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Journal of Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- tau protein, MAP2, axonal transport, neuronal polarity, dendritic localization, axonal localization, microtubule binding, spinal cord neurons, mRNA localization
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Axons, Cell Compartmentation, Cells, Cultured, Dendrites, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Microscopy, Electron, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Neurons, RNA, Messenger, Spinal Cord, Mice
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