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PROBING THE FERMI BUBBLES IN ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION: A SPECTROSCOPIC SIGNATURE OF THE MILKY WAY'S BICONICAL NUCLEAR OUTFLOW
Open accessAbstract
Giant lobes of plasma extend ≈55° above and below the Galactic center, glowing in emission from gamma rays (the Fermi Bubbles) to microwaves and polarized radio waves. We use ultraviolet absorption-line spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope to constrain the velocity of the outflowing gas within these regions, targeting the quasar PDS 456 (ℓ, b = 10 4, +11 2). This sightline passes through a clear biconical structure seen in hard X-ray and gamma-ray emission near the base of the northern Fermi Bubble. We report two high-velocity metal absorption components, at v LSR = −235 and +250 km s −1 , which cannot be explained by co-rotating gas in the Galactic disk or halo. Their velocities are suggestive of an origin on the front and back side of an expanding biconical outflow emanating from the Galactic center. We develop simple kinematic biconical outflow models that can explain the observed profiles with an outflow velocity of ≳900 km s −1 and a full opening angle of ≈110° (matching the X-ray bicone). This indicates Galactic center activity over the last ≈2.5–4.0 Myr, in line with age estimates of the Fermi Bubbles. The observations illustrate the use of UV spectroscopy to probe the properties of swept-up gas venting into the Fermi Bubbles.
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“The model also recovers the kinematics of the warm absorption clouds ( v los ∼ ± 200 km s -1 ) as discussed in section 2.5.2 (also Fox et al. 2015; Bordoloi et al. 2017).”
From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Fox et al. 2015
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Cites
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Self-citationThe Large‐Scale Bipolar Wind in the Galactic Center
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Self-citationTHE FERMI HAZE: A GAMMA-RAY COUNTERPART TO THE MICROWAVE HAZE
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BackgroundInfluentialFermi Bubbles: Giant, Multibillion-Year-Old Reservoirs of Galactic Center Cosmic Rays
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BackgroundInfluentialThe H I halo in the inner galaxy
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Self-citationJet‐ and Wind‐driven Ionized Outflows in the Superbubble and Star‐forming Disk of NGC 3079
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Self-citationFox, A. J., Wakker, B. P., Barger, K. A., Hernandez, A. K., Richter, P., Lehner, N., Bland‐Hawthorn, J., Charlton, J. C., Westmeier, T., Thom, C., et al. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/787/2/147 · Cited by 160
Self-citationTHE FERMI BUBBLES: SUPERSONIC ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS JETS WITH ANISOTROPIC COSMIC-RAY DIFFUSION
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“This wind age is consistent with the timescale of energy injection that created the FBs, whether via AGN jets (Guo & Mathews 2012; Yang et al. 2012), feedback from nuclear star formation (Crocker & Aharonian 2011; Carretti et al. 2013; Lacki 2014), accretion flows onto SgrA∗ (Cheng et al. 2011; Mou…”
Large-scale bipolar wind in M82
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TheFar Ultraviolet Spectroscopic ExplorerSurvey of O vi Absorption in the Disk of the Milky Way
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Self-citationThe Milky Way's Fermi bubbles: echoes of the last quasar outburst?
Zubovas, K., King, A. R., & Nayakshin, S. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01070.x · Cited by 127
Dijkstra, M., & Kramer, R. H. (2012) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21131.x · Cited by 124
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“…created the FBs, whether via AGN jets (Guo & Mathews 2012; Yang et al. 2012), feedback from nuclear star formation (Crocker & Aharonian 2011; Carretti et al. 2013; Lacki 2014), accretion flows onto SgrA∗ (Cheng et al. 2011; Mou et al. 2014), or a spherical outflow from SgrA∗ (Zubovas et al. 2011).”
BackgroundSUZAKU OBSERVATIONS OF THE DIFFUSE X-RAY EMISSION ACROSS THE FERMI BUBBLES' EDGES
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Self-citationHigh-velocity clouds as streams of ionized and neutral gas in the halo of the Milky Way
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Self-citationFERMI BUBBLES INFLATED BY WINDS LAUNCHED FROM THE HOT ACCRETION FLOW IN SGR A*
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“…created the FBs, whether via AGN jets (Guo & Mathews 2012; Yang et al. 2012), feedback from nuclear star formation (Crocker & Aharonian 2011; Carretti et al. 2013; Lacki 2014), accretion flows onto SgrA∗ (Cheng et al. 2011; Mou et al. 2014), or a spherical outflow from SgrA∗ (Zubovas et al. 2011).”
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Highly ionized interstellar gas located in the Galactic disk and halo
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Self-citationFOSSIL IMPRINT OF A POWERFUL FLARE AT THE GALACTIC CENTER ALONG THE MAGELLANIC STREAM
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Self-citationDecomposition of the Superwind in M 82
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Self-citationATOMIC HYDROGEN IN A GALACTIC CENTER OUTFLOW
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Fox, A. J., Bordoloi, R., Savage, B. D., Lockman, F. J., Jenkins, E. B., Wakker, B. P., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Hernandez, S., Kim, T.-S., Benjamin, R. A., Bowen, D. V., & Tumlinson, J.
- Affiliations
- Space Telescope Science Institute (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Trieste Astronomical Observatory (IT)
- University of Wisconsin–Whitewater (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fox, Andrew J.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2015-01-19
- Volume
- 799
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- L7
- ISSN
- 2041-8205 (ISSN-L)
- 2041-8213
- OpenAlex
- W2114344995
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 10.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (NAS 5-26555)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NAS 526555, 526555)
- Space Telescope Science Institute (NAS5- 26555, 5-26555, 26555)
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Keywords
- Fermi bubbles, biconical outflow, ultraviolet absorption lines, PDS 456, outflow velocity, Galactic halo
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