Associations of visceral, subcutaneous, epicardial, and liver fat with metabolic disorders up to 14 years after weight loss surgery
Open accessAbstract
Background: Bariatric surgery leads to long-term remission and reduced incidence of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Short-term studies suggest reduction in specific fat depots may be more predictive of health improvement than reduced body mass index (BMI). Visceral, subcutaneous, epicardial, and liver fat, measured 11 years after bariatric surgery, were associated with long-term remission and incidence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Methods: Fat depots an average of 11 (maximum 14) years after surgery were quantified by noncontrast computed tomography in subjects who did ( N = 261; 86% gastric bypass) or did not ( N = 243) have bariatric surgery. Multiple regression related fat depots to disease endpoints with and without adjustment for change in BMI and surgical status. Results: Visceral fat was 42% lower, subcutaneous fat 20% lower, epicardial fat 30% lower, and liver-to-spleen density ratio 9% higher at follow-up in the bariatric surgery group compared with the nonsurgery group (all P < 0.01). Higher visceral fat at follow-up exam was significantly associated with reduced remission and increased incidence of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Subcutaneous fat was not associated with disease. The liver-to-spleen ratio was associated with the remission and incidence of hypertriglyceridemia and not with other fat depots. Epicardial fat was related to incidence of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions: Whether or not a patient shows greater long-term diabetes, dyslipidemia, or hypertension remission or incidence after bariatric surgery appears dependent on the amount of fat within specific fat depots measured at follow-up. Furthermore, associations of the three disease endpoints with different fat depots suggest varied fat depot pathology.
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A significant reduction of >10% in VAT and epicardial adipose tissue is needed to achieve a sustained effect.
“a significant reduction of >10% in VAT and epicardial adipose tissue is needed to achieve a sustained effect.”
From The cardioprotective effects of semaglutide exceed those of dietary weight loss in mice with HFpEF (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Hunt, S. C., Davidson, L. E., Adams, T. D., Ranson, L., McKinlay, R. D., Simper, S. C., & Litwin, S. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Brigham Young University (US)
- Intermountain Healthcare (US)
- Augusta University (US)
- Rocky Mountain Associated Physicians, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hunt, Steven C.
- Venue
- Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-02-23
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 83-92
- ISSN
- 1540-4196 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8518
- PMC
- PMC7929922
- OpenAlex
- W3095588250
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 4.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002538)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- bariatric surgery, gastric bypass, visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, epicardial adipose tissue, liver fat, diabetes remission, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, body mass index, long-term metabolic outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Liver, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Middle Aged, Obesity, Morbid, Pericardium, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Gastric Bypass, Weight Loss, Treatment Outcome, Bariatric Surgery, Subcutaneous Fat, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Adiposity, Lipid Metabolism
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