Associations of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue with markers of cardiac and metabolic risk in obese adults
Open accessAbstract
Objective : Visceral (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues contribute to obesity but may have different metabolic and atherosclerosis risk profiles. We sought to determine the associations of abdominal VAT and SAT mass with markers of cardiac and metabolic risk in a large, multiethnic, population‐based cohort of obese adults. Design and Methods : Among obese participants in the Dallas Heart Study, we examined the cross‐sectional associations of abdominal VAT and SAT mass, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and indexed to body surface area (BSA), with circulating biomarkers of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation ( n = 942); and with aortic plaque and liver fat by MRI and coronary calcium by computed tomography ( n = 1200). Associations of VAT/BSA and SAT/BSA were examined after adjustment for age, sex, race, menopause, and body mass index. Results : In multivariable models, VAT significantly associated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), lower adiponectin, smaller LDL and HDL particle size, larger VLDL size, and increased LDL and VLDL particle number ( p < 0.001 for each). VAT also associated with prevalent diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, and aortic plaque ( p < 0.001 for each). VAT independently associated with C‐reactive protein but not with any other inflammatory biomarkers tested. In contrast, SAT associated with leptin and inflammatory biomarkers, but not with dyslipidemia or atherosclerosis. Associations between SAT and HOMA‐IR were significant in univariable analyses but attenuated after multivariable adjustment. Conclusion : VAT associated with an adverse metabolic, dyslipidemic, and atherogenic obesity phenotype. In contrast, SAT demonstrated a more benign phenotype, characterized by modest associations with inflammatory biomarkers and leptin, but no independent association with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, or atherosclerosis in obese individuals. These findings suggest that abdominal fat distribution defines distinct obesity sub‐phenotypes with heterogeneous metabolic and atherosclerosis risk.
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Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) appears to be associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, regardless of sex or race.
“Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) appears to be associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, regardless of sex or race (19).”
From The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Neeland, I. J., Ayers, C. R., Rohatgi, A. K., Turer, A. T., Berry, J. D., Das, S. R., Vega, G. L., Khera, A., McGuire, D. K., Grundy, S. M., & de Lemos, J. A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- ORCID
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-05-19
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- E439-47
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC3751977
- OpenAlex
- W1848295836
- Cited by
- 497
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 22.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001105, UL1TR000451)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007360)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (PL1DK081182)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (UL1DE019584)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000633)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal fat, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, aortic plaque, hepatic steatosis, coronary artery calcium, adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, obesity-related diabetes, body fat distribution
- MeSH terms
- Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Female, Heart Diseases, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Phenotype, Cholesterol, VLDL, Biomarkers, Multivariate Analysis, Inflammation Mediators, Leptin, Metabolic Syndrome, Subcutaneous Fat, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Dyslipidemias, Atherosclerosis, Body Fat Distribution, Adiponectin
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