Therapeutic Strategies and Enhanced Production of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Tissue Regeneration
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles surrounded by a plasma membrane and carry bioactive molecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) of the origin cell type. The bioactive molecules delivered by exosomes to the recipient cells have attracted considerable attention, as they play an important role in intercellular communication. Moreover, exosomes have unique properties, including the ability to penetrate the biological barrier with minimal immunogenicity and side effects, which can influence various physiological and pathological processes. Thus, exosomes are a promising therapeutic platform for various diseases (e.g., malignancies and allergies), as well as for the regeneration of damaged tissues. However, challenges of obtaining exosomes, such as complex extraction procedures, low yield, and difficulty in quantification are yet to be overcome, which limits the use of exosomes in clinical settings. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art engineering techniques and strategies for highly efficient mass production of exosomes. Moreover, we discuss the functional aspects and potential therapeutic applications of stem cell-derived exosomes, and deliberate upon various engineering techniques and platform combinations for improved tissue regeneration by exosomes.
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A substantial quantity of EVs is needed to address CNS diseases, particularly in cases where the affected region is sizable.
“Furthermore, a substantial quantity of EVs is needed to address CNS diseases, particularly in cases where the affected region is sizable.”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [331]
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Huang, W., Yu, Y., Yang, C., Zhang, X., Shang, L., Zu, Y., & Shi, K. (2021) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.133849 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Baharlooi, H., Nouraei, Z., Azimi, M., Moghadasi, A. N., Tavassolifar, M. J., Moradi, B., Sahraian, M. A., & Izad, M. H. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.13013 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Low-intensity ultrasound radiation increases exosome yield for efficient drug delivery
Zhao, Z. X., Qu, L., Shuang, T., Wu, S., Su, Y., Fan, L., Wang, D., Chen, B., & Hao, Q. (2020) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101713 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Nooshabadi, V. T., Verdi, J., Ebrahimi‐Barough, S., Mowla, S. J., Atlasi, M. A., Mazoochi, T., Valipour, E., Shafiei, S., Ai, J., & Banafshe, H. R. (2019) · Archives of Neuroscience · doi:10.5812/ans.94041 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Exosomes: a tool for bone tissue engineering
Huber, J., Griffin, M. F., Longaker, M. T., & Quarto, N. (2022) · Tissue Engineering Part B Reviews · doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0246 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
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Tendon-Inspired Nanotopographic Scaffold for Tissue Regeneration in Rotator Cuff Injuries
Kim, W., Kim, G., Abdou, M. A., Kim, S., Kim, D., Park, S., Kim, Y.-K., Gwon, Y., Jeong, S.-E., Kim, M., et al. (2020) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c01328 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationPlasma-assisted multiscale topographic scaffolds for soft and hard tissue regeneration
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Self-citationGwon, Y., Kim, W., Park, S., Kim, Y., Kim, H., Kim, M., & Kim, J. (2022) · Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/btm2.10376 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
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Biomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration: key insights from extracellular matrix biology
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Kansara, K., Mansuri, A., Kumar, A., & Bhatia, D. D. (2025) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202504361 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Choi, S., Kang, B. S., Choi, G., Kang, M., Park, H., Kim, N., Chang, P., Kwak, M. K., Jeong, H. E., & Jung, H. (2023) · Advanced NanoBiomed Research · doi:10.1002/anbr.202300044 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Yao, T., Liu, L., Miao, Y., Li, X., Yu, Y., Sun, R., Zhang, Y., Cui, L., & Ma, X. (2025) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.70877 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Xiang, M., Zhang, G., Liu, Y., Liao, C., Xiao, L., Xiang, M., Guan, X., & Liu, J. (2024) · Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1177/09592989241301662 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lu, H., Liu, Z., Han, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Tao, H., Liu, R., Guo, Z., & Ma, X. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148758 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Research progress on exosomes in the otology field: a systematic review
Hao, Z., Zhang, C., Li, Z., Zhao, H., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, D., Cui, L., & Sun, Y. (2025) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-025-04816-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bioinspired and Biomimetic Materials/Architecture in Cardiovascular Regeneration
Fathi‐karkan, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87744-5_20
Wang, Y., Zhu, J., Li, Z., Yu, F., Fu, Y., Gao, H., Wang, M., Yuan, L., Zheng, L., & He, Q. (2026) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/09636897261418754
Exosome Therapy: A Novel Investigational Approach in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Joshi, A., Gupta, R., Sangdup, T., Jacob, J., & Aggarwal, A. (2026) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000001365
- Authors
- Kim, H., Kim, D., Kim, W., Lee, S., Gwon, Y., Park, S., & Kim, J.
- Affiliations
- Chonnam National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Jangho
- Venue
- Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2023-04
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-166
- ISSN
- 1937-3368 (ISSN-L)
- 1937-3376
- OpenAlex
- W4294080807
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Tissue Engineering Part B Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Keywords
- exosomes, stem cell-derived exosomes, tissue regeneration, exosome engineering, intercellular communication, exosome isolation, nanovesicles
- MeSH terms
- Cell Communication, Humans, Stem Cells, Exosomes
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