Exosome Processing and Characterization Approaches for Research and Technology Development
Open accessAbstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that share components of their parent cells and are attractive in biotechnology and biomedical research as potential disease biomarkers as well as therapeutic agents. Crucial to realizing this potential is the ability to manufacture high‐quality exosomes; however, unlike biologics such as proteins, exosomes lack standardized Good Manufacturing Practices for their processing and characterization. Furthermore, there is a lack of well‐characterized reference exosome materials to aid in selection of methods for exosome isolation, purification, and analysis. This review informs exosome research and technology development by comparing exosome processing and characterization methods and recommending exosome workflows. This review also provides a detailed introduction to exosomes, including their physical and chemical properties, roles in normal biological processes and in disease progression, and summarizes some of the on‐going clinical trials.
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Repetitive purification steps may cause the loss of exosomes.
“In addition, repetitive purification steps may cause the loss of exosomes [108].”
From Exosome for mRNA delivery: Strategies and therapeutic applications (2024) · cites this paper as [108]
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Lipid Raft Endocytosis and Exosomal Transport Facilitate Extracellular Trafficking of Annexin A2
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Proteomics characterization of exosome cargo
Schey, K. L., Luther, J. M., & Rose, K. L. (2015) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.03.018 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
miR-212 and miR-132 Are Downregulated in Neurally Derived Plasma Exosomes of Alzheimer’s Patients
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Cited by
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Exosome for mRNA delivery: Strategies and therapeutic applications
Iqbal, Z., Rehman, K., Mahmood, A., Shabbir, M., Liang, Y., Duan, L., & Zeng, H. (2024) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-024-02634-x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Applications of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Medicine
Zhu, Y., Zhao, J., Ding, H., Qiu, M., Xue, L., Ge, D., Wen, G., Ren, H., Li, P., & Wang, J. (2024) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.741 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Exosomes to exosome-functionalized scaffolds: a novel approach to stimulate bone regeneration
Deng, L., Liu, Y., Wu, Q., Lai, S., Yang, Q., Mu, Y., & Dong, M. (2024) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-024-04024-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationChiu, Y.-S., Wang, K.-L., & Wu, K.-L. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1644318 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Therapeutic Strategies and Enhanced Production of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Tissue Regeneration
Kim, H., Kim, D., Kim, W., Lee, S., Gwon, Y., Park, S., & Kim, J. (2023) · Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews · doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0118 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Glioblastoma exosomes reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and evading therapeutic challenges
Tatode, A., Premchandani, T., Chaudhary, A. A., Ali, M. A. M., Qutub, M., Taksande, J., Khan, R., Hussain, U. M., & Umekar, M. (2026) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-026-11526-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lai, J. J., Chau, Z. L., Chen, S., Hill, J. J., Korpany, K. V., Liang, N., Lin, L., Lin, Y., Liu, J. K., Liu, Y., Lunde, R., & Shen, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- National Tsing Hua University (TW)
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Lai, James J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advanced Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-03-25
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- e2103222-e2103222
- ISSN
- 2198-3844 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9130923
- OpenAlex
- W4220703150
- Cited by
- 623
- References
- 363
- Citations by year
- 2026: 140 · 2025: 237 · 2024: 157 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 19
- FWCI
- 12.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advanced Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AG061383, MH118160, HD089679))
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Keywords
- exosomes, extracellular vesicles, exosome isolation, exosome characterization, good manufacturing practices, disease biomarkers, exosome therapy, clinical trials
- MeSH terms
- Extracellular Vesicles, Industrial Development, Proteins, Exosomes
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